Short Notes on The 2001/02 Agricultural Sample Enumeration Tabulation, Dissemination & Archiving

1. Regional Roundtable on
World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020
Nairobi, Kenya, 18-22 September 2017
Short Notes on
The 2001/02 Agricultural Sample
Enumeration
Tabulation, Dissemination &
Archiving
The experience of Ethiopia
Technical Session 17
1
Habekiristos Beyene Haile
Director: Agriculture; Natural Resource & Environment Statistics
Directorate
Central Statistical Agency
E-mail: habekiristosbeyene@gmail.com

2. Outline
1. Introducción
2. Historical Background
 Census budget & technical assistance
3. Census Organization
 Enumeration period
 Reference Period & Date
4. Census Methodology
 Scope and Coverage
 Sampling Frame
5. Census Questionnaires & Field Equipments
 Number & type of questionnaires used
 Field Equipments
 Method of enumeration
6. Census Tabulation, Archiving and Dissemination
 Tabulation
 Dissemination and archiving
7. Major challenges encountered
8. Changes planned to Introduce in Next Agricultural Census 2

3. 1. Introducción
Census of Agriculture is a large-scale, periodic statistical operation for
the collection of quantitative information on the structure of
agriculture
Such a huge operation demands globally recommended technical
procedures and sequence of standard activities to collect, process and
produce reliable and internationally comparable data,
However, agricultural census is not a practical means of providing all
agricultural statistics, hence, there should be caution against
overloading the agricultural census forms with extensive scope
Though, Agricultural census is classified into two categories: censuses
conducted by complete enumeration or by a sample enumeration
(FAO, statistical development Series 6, pp.37).
The CSA preferred the sample enumeration due to various reasons
such as limitation of funds and personnel as well as by considering
the magnitude of the workload expected during the census
operation 3

4. 2. Historical Background
Though, Ethiopia, used to generate & timely dissiminate
quantitative agricultural information to ultimate data users’
through conducting Annual Agricultural Sample Surveys’ since
1980‘s
As it is evident that an agricultural census is a costly large scale
operation which require huge financial resource and skilled
manpower to undertake periodically.
As a matter of this fact and many others however, up until
2001/02, an agricultural census has never been conducted in
Ethiopia.
It was in September, 2001 the CSA launched the field work of the
first ever Ethiopian Agricultural Sample Enumeration
4

5. 2. Historical ….Cont’d
 Census budget & technical assistance
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the European Union and
the British Department for International Development gave financial and technical assistance,
5

6. 3. Census organization
The 2001/02 Ethiopian Agricultural Sample Enumeration
(EASE) was launched under the auspices of the Ethiopian
Agricultural Census Commission chaired by the Prime Minister
The Central Statistical Authority serves as the Secretariat for the
Office of the Commission
 Enumeration period
The enumeration period took place from September 2001 to
September 2002.
 Reference Period & Date
Data on basic economic characteristics of the population in
agricultural households refer to October 2001.
The reference period was from 10 February 2001 to 9 February
2002 6

7. 4. Census Methodology
 Coverage
The 2001/02 (1994 E.C.) Ethiopian Agricultural Sample Enumeration (EASE)
was designed to cover the rural and urban parts of all weredas in the country
on a large-scale sample basis
The coverage included 470 (460 rural and 10 urban) woredas in 60
administrative zones of the country excluding the pastoralist areas of the Afar
and Somali Regional States.
In all weredas’ covered the originally selected primary sampling units
amounted to 11,292 rural and 4,378 urban Enumeration Areas (EAs)
However, from originally sampled EAs’, 11,189 (99.09%) & 4,354 (99.45%)
EAs’, in rural and urban areas, correspondingly. While, the remaining 103
(0.91%) of the Rural & 24 (0.55%), of the Urban EAs’, were not covered due to
various reasons.
With respect to ultimate sampling units (agricultural households), it was
planned to cover 338,850 & 124,207 agricultural households in rural and
urban areas, respectively. Nevertheless, about 334,972 (98.86%) and 123,585
(99.50%) rural & urban agricultural households were actuall98.86y covered
,in that orderTABLE II 1 AREA COVERAGE OF THE 2001 02 1994 E C
ETHIOPIAN.pdf
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8.  Sampling Frame
The list of enumeration areas for each woreda (stratum)
was compiled from the 1994 Ethiopian Population &
Housing Census cartographic work, and was used as the
frame for selection of the Primary Sampling Units
(PSU).
The enumeration maps of the region for the sample of
Enumeration Areas were updated and the boundaries &
descriptions were clarified to reflect the current physical
situation.
The sampling frame used for the selection of ultimate
sampling units (agricultural households) was a fresh list of
households, which was prepared by the enumerator assigned
in the sample EAs using a prescribed listing instruction at the
beginning of the launching of the census enumeration.
8

9. 5. Census Questionnaires & Field Equipments
 Census Questionnaires
The listing forms 94/0 and 94/1 used to record all households in the enumeration
area, identify the agricultural households and select the units to be covered by
the census.
Form 94/2 developed to list all the members of the sampled agricultural
households and record the demographic and economic characteristics of each of
the members
Forms 94/3A, 94/3B, 94/3C and 94/3D * used to enumerate crop data through
interview and objective measurement
Form 94/5 is designed to record crop area data via the physical / objective
measurement of crop fields
Form 94/6 used to list all the fields under crop and select a crop field for each
type of crop randomly for crop cutting exercise
Forms 94/7A, 94/7B, and 94/7C developed for recording yield data on cereals,
oil seeds, pulses, vegetables root crops and permanent crops by weighing their
yields obtained from sub-plots and/or trees selected for crop-cuttings. 9
Forms and equipment are instrumental in gathering
information from various sources. The census forms are the
vehicle and basic document for collecting the desired data.

10. 5. Census Questionnaires ….(Cont’d)
 Census Questionnaires…(Cont’d)
Form 94/8 used to enumerate livestock, poultry and beehives data by type, age,
sex and purpose including products through interview.
Forms 94/9, 94/10 & 94/11 used to collect data on crop and livestock product
usage; miscellaneous items and farm tools, implements, draught animals and
storage facilities, in that order, by interviewing the sample holders
Forms 94/12A and 94/12B used to record data on farm management practices of
the Belg season subjectively, while 94/12C used to record Belg season crop area
through objective measurement and volume of production through interview
Form U-94/1 used to record all households in the EA, identify the agricultural
households and select the units to be covered by the census in Urban areas
Form U-94/2 used to list all the members of the sampled agricultural household
and record the demographic and economic characteristics of each of the
members.
From U-94/3 used to enumerate crop data through interview method
Form U-94/4 used to enumerate livestock, poultry and beehives data by type, sex,
age and purpose including products through interview
Form U-94/5 used to collect data on crop and livestock usage for Urban Areas
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11. 5. Census Questionnaires ….(Cont’d)
 Census Field Equipments
Compass with a half degree precision
Measuring tapes 20-50 meters
Metal Pegs
programmable calculators
Balance scales and Cotton bags
 Method of enumeration
The enumeration was based on a house-to-house interviewing of
holders and objective measurements of their holdings and crop yields,
in three phases.
The first phase was the collection of data on demographic and economic
characteristics of the rural peasant households; the second one was the
data collection on farm management practices of these rural peasant
households, using an interview method for both seasons.
Data on crop and yield of temporary and permanent crops was collected
in the third phase by visiting the farm operators and physically measuring
the crop fields since the farmers are not familiar with standard units.
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12. 6. Census Tabulation, Archiving & Dissemination
 Tabulation
Data collected in an agricultural census are of statistical interest if they
can be presented in aggregated form, using statistical table
Hence, the tabulation programme for an agricultural census is the set of
statistical tables prepared to present the main census results and should be
based on the users’ primary needs.
Since the census nature requires adequate period to undertake the preparatory
activities, the CSA had started these activities in October 1998, three years
before launching the census.
Assessing the data users’ primary needs was among the prioritized preparatory
activities undertaken, where the CSA had given enough time to asses the data
users’ primary needs, through organizing different stakeholders & data users’
workshops
Based, on the results of the data need assessment, the CSA, technical
committee had reviewed the results of the assessment and prepared the
agricultural Census tabulation programme.
Accordingly, the CSA had used the agricultural Census tabulation programme
as a primary in designing the census questionnaires ,so as, ensure the data
collected meet the requirements for the tabulation programme
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13. 6. Census Tabulation, Archiving…Cont’d
 Tabulation…Cont’d
Based on the reviewed tabulation programme computer programme i.e.
Tabulation module of CSPro was used to generate required statistical tables
Statistical tables generated regarding EASE were exported to MS-Word, MS-
Excel, or MS-Word & Adobe PDF Maker mainly used by the ICT Department for
information publishing on the website and CD-RO Msformat for publication
purposes.
The following Statistical tables (basic cross-tabulations) were presented in a
standard Statistical report. These include:-
1. Socio-economic Characteristics of the Population in Agricultural
Households Statistical report: In this Report the statistical tables presented
were
 Size of the Population in Agricultural Households by Sex Place of Residence &
Administrative units
 Size of Agricultural Holders by Sex, Type of Holding and Place of
Residence & Administrative units & …etc.
2. Total Cropland Area and Production of Temporary and Permanent Crops
Statistical report, the following statistical tables were within
 Number of Holders operating on the Cropland, Total Area & Production of
Temporary & permanent Crops by Crop Type, Residence & Administrative units (
Country, Region, Zone & Woereda reporting levels) 13

14. 6. Census Tabulation, Archiving…Cont’d
 Tabulation…Cont’d
3. Total Cropland Area under Agricultural Inputs & Modern Farm Management
Practices Statistical Report. The statistical tables within the report were
 Total Area Under Improved Farm Management Practices by Crop Categories,
Place of Residence & Administrative units
 Total Fertilizer Applied Cropland Area by Crop & Fertilizer applied, folding and
Place of Residence & Administrative units
 Total Improved seed Sawn Cropland Area by Type of improved seed used Place of
Residence & Administrative units
 Total Irrigated Cropland Area by Crop type, Place of Residence & Administrative
units…etc,.
4 . Land Use Statistical report, in which the following statistical Tables were included
 Number of Agricultural Holders By Type & Size of Holdings, Place of Residence
& Administrative Units
 Total Population in Agricultural Households & Agricultural Households By Size of
Holdings Place of Residence & Administrative Units
 Total Land Area By Type Of Land Use, Place of Residence & Administrative Units
 Total Number of Parcels By Size of Holdings, Place of Residence &
Administrative Units
 Total Land Area & Number of Holders By Tenure Systems, Place of Residence &
Administrative Units …etc,. 14

15. 6. Census Tabulation, Archiving…Cont’d
 Tabulation…Cont’d
5. Size, Characteristics and Purpose of Livestock & Use of Livestock Products
Statistical report: In this Report the statistical tables presented were
 Number of Cattle by Sex, Age, Breed, and Purpose, Place of Residence &
Administrative units
 Number of Sheep and Goats by Sex, Age, Breed, and Purpose, Place of Residence
& Administrative units & …etc, among other
6. Farm Implements, Draught Animals & Storage Facilities Statistical
report, the following statistical tables were within
 Number and Percentage of Holders Reporting Implements and Other Farm
Equipment by type, Quantity Reported, Replacement Value, and Duration of
Implement Place of Residence & Administrative Units / Geographic Area
 Number of Crop Holders that Owned Farm Implements, Equipment and
Draught Animals by Place of Residence & Administrative Units
 Number of holders who did not own a pair of oxen and their percentage
distribution by Administrative Units / Geographic area Ethiopian Agricultural
Sample Enumeration Main Results.pdf
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16. 6. Census Tabulation, Archiving…Cont’d
 Dissemination
 The results of the census are relevant to a wide range of users that include
policy-makers at national level and local authorities covering economic growth,
food security, industrial competitiveness, national accounts, environmental
protection, etc.
 To this end the CSA had organized a national agricultural census
dissemination workshop to all stakeholders and then the EASE statistical
reports were disseminated in different means, i.e., hard copy, CD and the like
 Archiving
 Data archiving is a means of ensuring long-term preservation of data and
assists users in understanding & interpreting the data.
 Digital data can be vulnerable to obsolescence of enabling technologies, from
hardware and software used to store and access the data to physical damage
 Though, the issue of data security was important, but unfortunately, the backup
and recovery issues had been overlooked in CSA,
 However, EASE micro data that were in ASCII format, along with its data
dictionary, & the data file in SPSS format, the CSA used to keep
 One copy in Data Processing Department
 Another complete copy of the data and system is being handled by the ICT
department for Central Data Bank for achieving and dissemination purposes.
 There is a backup on high density magnetic tapes; copies are available in the Data
Documentation office in a different campus 16

17. 7. Major challenges encountered
CSA had faced the following major challenges to the information
management systems. These are as follows:
The absence a backup strategy, electronic data preservations and data
disaster recovery policies and guidelines.
Problem to keep Timeliness in data availability due to slow data processing
mechanisms
Getting data over range of time and space on a finger tips is not available
under the current situations
There is no Interactive Analysis on the electronically available datasets &
…etc,.
Improve / replace the existing information management system with currently
available up to date information System
Develop & put in place a backup strategy, electronic data preservations and data
disaster recovery policies and guidelines as soon as possible
Build the Capacity of Programmers & ICT staff, introduce newly available
software's, ICT Equipments and etc,.
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8. Changes planned to Introduce in Next Agricultural Census

18. Thank you
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