2. CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
• If the heart suddenly stops (Cardiac Arrest), brain damage begins after
four to six minutes, and death will certainly occur if cardio-pulmonary
resuscitation is not given. CPR is administered to victims who have
stopped breathing and have no pulse. CPR is an emergency way of keeping
a victim alive by keeping the air passage open, by restoring breathing and
maintaining circulation when heartbeat stops. CPR provides both mouth-
to-mouth (nose) respiration and chest compressions.
3. CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
• Steps:
• 1. Check for response. Tap or shake the victims shoulders gently. If there is no response, call and.
shout for help. Have the patient lie flat on his back on a flat, hard surface. If you have to roll him,
roll him only once
• 2. Check and open the airway. Open victims airway by lifting the chin gently with one hand while
pushing down on the forehead with other hand to tilt back head.
• 3. Check pulse and breathing. Look, listen and feel for air exchange and for chest movements for at
least five seconds. If the victim doesn`t breath, give two initial blows or initial ventilatory
manuever (IVM), using the mouth-to-mouth/nose technique.
• 4. Check breathing and pulse for five to ten seconds. Check the pulse by feeling the carotid artery in
the neck. Press firmly but gently to feel for the pulse. Hold at least five seconds.
• 5. If a pulse is not present and the victims not breathing, perform CPR.
4. CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
• 6. External Chest Compression (ECC). Kneel at the victims side near the chest. To determine the pressure point for
adult cardiac compressions, locate the bony tip of the breastbone (Sternum), called the Xiphoid Process, with your
ring finger and place two fingers just above that point - about 1.5 inches above. place the heel of one hand adjacent
to your fingers and the second hand on top of the first. Position your shoulders directly over the breastbone and
press downward, keeping arms straight. Keep your fingers off the victims ribs. The rhythm for ECCs should be
equal.
• A. For adults, the depth of compression should be 1.5 to 2 inches. For one rescuer CPR, apply 15 ECCs and
two rescue breathing (15:2) for every 4 cycles. While, for two rescuer CPR, apply five ECC and one rescue
breathing for evry 12 cycles.
• B. For child - Five ECCs and one rescue breathing (5:1) for every 15 cycles. The depth of compression
should be 1 - 1.5 inches.
• C. For infant - Five ECCs and one rescue breathing (5:1) for every 20 cycles.. The depth of compression
should be 0.5 - 1 inch.
• D. Execute this at proper rate and ratio. You may count aloud to establish rhythm.
• 7. Always run the fingers up the lower margin of the victims rib cage and locate the Xiphoid Process with your
middle finger everytime you do chest compressions.
• 8. Do not remove hands from the victims sternum. Continue CPR once started until the victim begins to breath
spontaneously and the heartbeat begins or until the doctor arrives.
5. CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
• If there two rescuers, they should be on opposite sides of the victim. One
rescuer should perform the compressing at a rate of 60 per minute while
the second rescuer is giving a breath (artificial respiration) after every fifth
compression. Compressions should not be interrupted by the breathing.
