EPANDING THE CONTENT OF AN OUTLINE using notes.pptx
COGNITIVISM THEORY (GROUP4).pptx
1.
2. B Y J EA N P IA G ET
Presented by: G roup 4
COGNITIVISIM
THEORY
3. What is
Cognitivism
Theory?
• This theory fueled other
researches and theories of
development and learning.
• Its focus is on how individuals
construct knowledge.
4.
5. “ The principle goal of education
is to create men who are capable
of doing new things, not simply
of repeating what other
generations have done- men
who are creative, inventive and
discoverers.”
- J ean Piaget
6. His the only one who has influenced the field cognitive development
These tasks were later known as “Piagetian tasks”.
Who is Jean Piaget?
For 60 years he conducted research on cognitive development.
His research involved observing a small number of individuals as
they responded to cognitive tasks that he design.
He called his general theoretical framework “genetic epistemo-
logy” because he was interested in how knowlegde developed
in human organisms.
10. Schema
• refers to the cognitive structures by which individuals intellectually
adapt to and organize their environment.
• this is the process of fitting a new experience into an
existing or previously created cognitive structure or
schema.
Assimilation
Basic Cognitive Concepts
11. • this is the process of
creating a new schema.
Accommodation Equilibration
Basic Cognitive Concepts
• it is achieving proper
balance between
assimilation and
accommodation.
• when our experiences do
not match our schemata or
cognitive structures, we
experience “cognitive
disequilibrium”.
13. • this stage corresponds
from birth to infancy.
Stage 1: Sensori motor Stage
• this is the stage when a
child who is initially
reflexive in grasping,
sucking and reaching
becomes more
organized in his
movement and activity.
Object permanence
this is the ability of
child to know that an
object still exists even
when out of sight.
14. Stage 2: Pre Operational Stage
-this stage covers about 2-7 years old, roughly corresponding to preschool years.
Symbolic Function
Egocentrism
this is the ability to represent objects and events.
this is the tendency of the child to only see his
point of view and to assume that everyone also has
his same point of view.
15. Centration
this refers to the tendency
of the child to only focus on
one aspect of a thing or
event and exclude other
aspects.
Irreversibility
Pre-operational children still
have the inability to reverse
their thinking.
Animism
this is the tendency of children to
attribute human like traits or
characteristics to inanimate objects.
Transductive reasoning
this refers to the pre-operational
child’s type of reasoning that is
neither inductive nor deductive.
16. • this covers approximately the ages
between 8-1 1 years or elementary school
years.
Stage 3: Concrete
Operational Stage
Decentering
refers to the ability of the child to
perceive the different features of
objects and situations.
Reversibility
the child can now follow that certain
operations can be done in reverse.
Conservation
this is the ability to know that certain
properties of objects like numbers,
mass, volume, or area do not change
even if there is a change in
appearance.
Seration
this refers to the ability to order or
arrange things in a series based on
one dimension such as weight,
volume or size.
17. Stage 4: Formal
Operational Stage
• it covers ages between 12-15 years, thinking becomes more logical.
Analogical Reasoning
the individuals can now deal with “What if” questions.
Hypothetical Reasoning
this is the ability to perceive the relationship in one instance and then use that
relationship to narrow down possible answers in another similar situation or
problem.
Deductive Reasoning
this is the ability to think logically by applying a general
rule to a particular instance or situation.
