1. 1
Metallurgy of Porphyry Copper- Gold-Molybdenum-Arsenic of Peru
Eng. Enrique Echegaray Muniz 1 Manager CMPE Engineering S.A.C.
Eng. César Ugarte Amaya 2 Sub /Manager CMPE Engineering S.A.C
OVERVIEW
The geological deposits of porphyry copper in the continents of America and
Australasia, as well as in Peru, are distributed in mineralized belts. Locally in the Peru
origin is as follows:
 Magmatic belt mineralized in copper - Moly's origin in the Paleocene at peruvian
South.
 Mineralized Magmatic belt in copper - Moly's origin in the Eoceno-Oligoceno
Skarn in mainly Apurimac at peruvian Center
 Magmatic Mineralized belt sulphides in secondary, primary copper-Moly-gold and
arsenic's origin Mioceno at peruvian North
Quality concentrates of copper and molybdenum in each of the three cases mentioned
here, are just great secondary enrichment in copper (ranging from 28 to 38% of Cu)
associations of different mineral contents of finely disseminated gold, silver, arsenic,
bismuth, etc. which are payable additionally or have penalties in others with limitations
of being received by the foundries.
The design of the flow diagram for treatment of porphyry copper in each case is
product of a meticulous work of research metallurgical in order support properly them
engineering studies of feasibility that is comes performing for various mining projects.
Only mentioned, without discussing them some planned routes of comprehensive
treatment that includes the stage of processing of minerals such as: hydrometallurgical
process, bio-leaching etc. which is working in stages of research and the scaling
progressive to levels pilot and industrial.
Each mineralization corresponds to a specific design of flow diagram in order to
evaluate the economic sensitivity allowing the mining metallurgical project optimize.

2. 2

3. 3
Introduction
In order to develop investment at mining-metallurgical projects, it should be make
quantitative assessments priority is given to go to the sources of the geology,
mineralization, chemical composition of the reserves, through the program of
diamond drilling of the deposit and the metallurgical use coring to determine:
 Competition lithological associated to values of sulfides or oxides metal of
area / level production
 Solubility of copper mineral species w, ac. and cyanide by deepening level.
 Release of valuable particle size.
 Presence of floatable gangue which naturally accompanies the values of
copper and molybdenum.
 The presence of arsenic, antimony mineralized species associated with the
copper, molybdenum or bargain.
 Occurrence of species of gold, silver, Zinc, lead, bismuth and their
associations.
 Selection of groups of metallurgical witnesses of drilling for tests of routes of
concentration or extraction in laboratory or pilot level in order to establish
balanced reproducible flow diagrams as well as penalizers cleaning/disposal
alternatives (As, Sb, Hg, SiO2 ) of copper and molybdenum concentrates.
 The stages of engineering design processes and construction infrastructure
through levels FEL (Front End Load) 1, 2 and 3 where is progressively reduced
the uncertainty of the size of the investment that means sustainability of return
and the advantage of greater profitability for the operation to undermine all the
site.
1.0 Geology and Mineralization
As you can see in Fig. 1 with overlapping of the geological mineral belts of copper
porphyry on a geographical map of Peru; two strips is located in green color of copper
porphyry in the South and another Strip in the center of Peru as well as the light blue
strip in the far North. Can mention other formations important not included for this
article, as are the epithermal of AU-AG, mesothermal of Au, MVT of Pb-Zn, VMS of
CU-Zn, polymetallic in skarn and the batholiths of the coast with AU-AG.
In figures 2, 3 and 4 are three subsequent views of the typical sections of the
accommodation of the mineralization in the surrounding lithology and which correspond
to their geological models of the mineralized belts: N North, C Centre and S south
which are very evident in the relationship that there are the scattered mineralized
porphyry (see red-orange color cones) show partners which are to be included with

4. 4
the different kinds of rocks see volcanic tuffs and breccias and locate each rock
described under these typical sections to interpret metallurgy to appropriate him.
Fig.1 mineralized strips of porphyry copper: Southern, Central and Northern
Peru
FIG 2. BELT NORTH
FIG.3 BELT CENTER

5. 5
FIG.4. BELT SOUTH
Characteristics of comparison in table 1, shown to be larger than the area North, deposits of
porphyry copper and also be the older contents of primary copper as well as gold - silver, but
with medium presence of arsenic in tennantite to be treated. Deposits mineralized zone
Center, are medium-sized, but with the increased presence of copper and molybdenum
content. Here also are some deposits in skarn with them more notable content of copper with
arsenic as enargite and molybdenum with realgar that requires in addition a treatment specific.
The southern area in change with increased thickness of copper oxides supergene and then
greater thickness of the layer of primary sulfide but of lower grades of copper - gold and silver.
TABLE 1 . CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES OF DEPOSITS ON BELTS OF COPPER
Copper ore Strip:
Modelogeologico
South: Paleocene Centre: Eoceno-Oligoceno North: Miocene
Features
Size Long to very long
300MMT to 4000MMT
Medium to long
400MMT to 1800MMT
Medium to very long
400MMT to 4000MMT
Grade average
Copper 0.39 - 0.47% Cu 0.44 - 0.93% Cu 0.28 - 0.69% Cu
Gold 0.03 g/t Au - 0.04.-0.25g/t Au 0.05-0.90g/t Au
Silver 2.20-3.10 g/t Ag 1.45-4.75 g/t Ag 1.24-6.90 g/t Ag
Moly 200 ppm Mo 130-300 ppm Mo About 100 ppm Mo
Arsenic 11ppm As 240 to 7300ppm 500 ppm
Weathering Intense development of oxidos
between 0 to 150 m and
secondary sulfide in vertical
zone
Limited Limited
Geometry Grouping of medium to large
porphyry. Mineralization in
intrusive or in covering rock...
Mineralized in Skarn
complexes are small to
medium-sized and irregular, or
also under the intrusive
porphyry, gold mineralization
takes place also.
Structurally aligned porphyry.
Mineralization occurs in the
intrusive also as in the lining.
Gold mineralization in the
sandstones and tonnage, often
associated with polymetallic
Skarn in
Source: Copper in Peru: J. ACOSTA, A. BUSTAMANTE & m. CARDOZO. Or f INGEMMET , 31 ° PERUMIN 2013

6. 6
 Chemical Composition and Reservations
Twenty projects in list, porphyry copper which are progressively being developed:
interchangeably in each area of the three mineralized belts, increasingly happens to free for
the engineering of the designer trends require further elaboration processes metallurgical
mining by the following aspects:
 Lithologic domains of geo-metallurgical competition
 Chemical composition of ores of Cu-Mo - Au-Ag and associated gang As-Fe - Al - Si
Table 2. Project 2016 for mineralized porphyry of Peru copper belts
South Zone Central Zone North Zone
Quellaveco
0.57% Cu,
0.023%Mo,2.3Ag g/t
916 MT,
Sulf
The Chancas
0.623% Cu, 0.049%Mo,
0.24 Au g/t 482MTS
Galen
0.52%Cu, 0.013%Mo,0.15
Au g/t
661 M
0.94% Cu 0.014% Mo,
1.7Ag g/t
213 MT,
Oxy.
0.49% Cu, 0.03% Mo, 0.04
Au g/t
128MT
Or 0.017% as, 4.76 Ag g/t
Zafranal 0.36%Cu 557 MT S Magistral 0.51 %Cu,0.06% Mo 270 MT Conga
0.28%Cu, 0.75 Au g/t
641 MT
Tia Maria 0.39%Cu
640 MT
OXI Rondoni
0.3 - 0.5% Cu, 0. 43Ag oz/t 50 MT S
Farm
0.69%Cu,2.4 Ag g/t
544MT
Cerro Verde II
0.49% Cu, 0.25% Mo 3400 S MT
Quechua 0.38% Cu, % Mo 680 MT Cañariaco
0.49% Cu
752 MT
0.2-0.5% Cu 232 MT Or
The Chankas 0.41% Cu,0.21% Mo 2, 316MT S Haquira
0.54%Cu, 130 ppm Mo 452MTS
River white
0.57%Cu, 228 ppm Mo
498
METERS
0.51%Cu,
178MT
Or
……. Mina Justa 0.79%Cu 413 MT Sand
0.29%Cu, 0.24 Au g/t
312
METERS
0.46 Au g/t
100MT
……. Trapiche 0.487% Cu 449 MT Michiquillay
0.69%Cu,
544MT
Antilla 0.47% Cu, 0.009% Mo 154 MT
Massive deposits of copper are not included

7. 7
 Stages of selective separation from concentrated bulk
 Lower content of oxides of copper SX-EW
 Greater occurrence of sulphide with secondary enrichment of copper or soluble in CN-
 Requirement of metallurgical studies in samples by variability of recovery
 Economic sensitivity of the contents and value of recoverable metals and disposal of tailings
project.
Superimposing the two figures following an on another of those two typical joined sections, which
allow you to see is there a rear upper area with higher content of copper oxide and Arsenic located
in lithologic of sericitic quartz that justify the crushing and agglomeration for lixiviation on heaps .
Instead an area of transition are to the side half left with a great range of copper grade around
sulfides of copper of 0.7%Cu justify another plant of concentration by flotation of sulphides that
requires focus two concentrated: one of greater tonnage with low law of As and high law of Cu and
another of less tonnage with high As and less content of copper for the hydrometallurgical route .
He stumps to be a first mined the supergene area with oxides of copper in shortest time and then
the area of secondary enrichment more the transition hypo gene ore a longer operational life of
mine.
NORTH MINERALIZED BELT: SECTION TYPICAL CHEMISTRY OF COPPER 1YCOMPOSICION

8. 8
North Mineralized belt: typical section 1 and its location Or N lithologic
3.0 GEOMETALLURGY: LITHOLOGICAL COMPETITION
In the review of comparative competition lithological existing plants and some recent in Peru
projects, (see table 3), it has a wide range in UCS (unconfined compressive strength)
approximately between 250 to 30 megapascals, for example between the lavas andesitic and
the dacitic silicification and the strong sulfides Intergrowth how thin veinlets or nodules that
there in the rocks of the Condestable mine hand on the other hand sandstone and quartzite of
the high river sand project show to be less competent. The examples mentioned include the
requirement to apply using the schema of fracturing of particles by high pressure rollers - ball
for rocks from moderately competent Mills; both belts of porphyry in the South and Central.
Instead is sees in examples of the girdle North that the scheme of mill SAG-with support of

9. 9
better planning of detonators of break by blasting in mine or post crushing of pebbles is
required, all this in seeks of a lower cost operating.
TABLE 3. BENCH MARKING OF OPERATIONS AND PROJECTS PER U
4.0 Soluble material content of minerals
TABLE 4 THICKNESS OF OXIDES AND SECONDARY, PRIMARY, SULPHIDES ZONE NORTH
Taladrom. Lithology pH %
Cu
% Cu
Ac.
% Cu,
CN
% Cu
Residual
sulfur
Specific
gravity
62 to 100 Sandstone Ore Primary type
SST-PR
4.4 0.53 0.04 0.15 0.31 2.63
18 to 67.3 Dacite Ore Secondary PD1-
SS
5.4 1.09 0.14 0.85 0.07 2.68
130 to 188 Sandstone Ore Secondary
SST-SS
5.7 0.92 0.09 0.47 0.33 2.70
208 to 253 Dacite Primary Ore
Mineralization PD1-PR
4.4 0.72 0.06 0.21 0.43 2.73
298 to 342 Pixelate Ore Primary QZ-
PR
5.1 0.53 0.02 0.10 0.38 2.75
Table 4, also explains the higher copper soluble in acid and soluble in cyanide and a
buoyancy without weak conditioning, behavior of new specific reactants. The pH value
even acid due do not have contained limestone rock in the mine which had been
maintained in the range of pH above 4.4-5.7 and close to 7.
Layers of oxides by weathering of the belts of porphyry are of different thicknesses, range from
300 m in the South to 25 m in the North and Centre, which possess a high solubility of copper
between acid, useful for processes of SX and EW in metallic copper. The transition layer with
very soluble secondary copper sulfides to assay in CN-
, has a lower thickness reaching 10%
of the height of the total deposits useful for concentrated floating high laws between 28% and
48% Cu, finally being between 60% of height for the southern Strip and 85% of the belts
Center and North to the less soluble part of copper formed as primary sulfide flotation copper
concentrates enabling between 25% to 31% Cu.

10. 10
5.0 release of the particle size of ore to concentrate
The preliminary goal is the fineness of milling as stage of the concentrator plant that is
required to search for free those particles of sulphides of copper in the associations between
the metal values of copper, molybdenum, gold, silver and the gangue of iron, arsenic, clay,
etc.
In tables 5, 6 and 7 will wheelie in samples from the North Strip, the release of mineral species
for the range of 55% to 80% - 74 Micron size particles, Chalcopyrite, Bornite, Covellite and
Digenite species manage to RID only 73% of tennantite and to a lesser extent of pyrite and
gang silica. Persistent associations even in the fine fractions are between chalcopyrite and
tennantite. Molybdenite in an 87% releasing copper sulphide is accomplished but still persists
the association with clay, so it is expected to release additional stages fine until 80% - 10
microns for Regrinding of concentrated bulk.
Table 5. Release of copper ores in the ore food, northern area %
Fineness of grinding,
% - 0 074 mm
Chalcopyrite 、 Bornite 、 Covellite Digenite
Free particle
Particle associated
With Tennantite With Pyrite With gangue
55 59.82 5.88 13.55 20.75
60 66.47 4.60 10.65 18.28
65 70.40 3.58 9.73 MBM 16.29
80 73.98 2.80 8.71 14.51
Table 6. Release of Tenantite in mineral feed, northern area %
Fineness of
grinding,
% - 0 074 mm
Tennantite
Particle released
Particle associated
With chalcopyrite With pyrite With gangue
55 45.79 30.92 15.33 7.96
60 53.04 28.25 12.13 6.58
65 62.47 23.66 8.83 5.04
80 66.26 22.65 6.90 4.19

11. 11
Table 7. Release of Molybdenite in mineral feed, northern area %
Fineness of grinding,
% -0.074 mm
Molibdenite
Free particle Associate bargain
55 73.08 26.92
60 79.00 21.00
65 82.68 17.32
80 87.04 12.96
6.0 sampling of witnesses in North and metallurgical testing belt
Noting some samplings of deep diamond drilling in the North, in which with confirmatory
metallurgical witnesses for content of copper and arsenic in three levels: increasing As 150
ppm, 300 ppm As and 500 ppm As, corresponds less the copper content secondary sulphides
decreasing 50%, 47.2% and 43%; for depths of the layer of secondary sulphides between 20m
up to 200 m. depth, under only the primary copper in quartz up to 420m.
FIG. 5 CAMPAIGNS OF DRILLING INITIAL Y METALURGICO(AS 150-500 PPM)

12. 12
In the evaluation of metallurgical tests on the influence of the content of arsenic in this
porphyry copper to be floated, as shown in table 8; secondary copper sulfide concentrate is
enriched in greater proportion when less is the presence of arsenic, which leads to the
buoyancy of the tennantite against the bornite, chalcocite, and less easily adsorb xanthate
collectors and thionocarbamates in the group stage.
Table 8. Relationship enrichment of arsenic, copper, and molybdenum
Sample Head, assays Feed Separation Flotation, Assays Enrichment Ratio
CU, % As, ppm MO ppm CU, % As, ppm MO ppm CU As MO
G-150 0.61 148 156 37.68 3,457 178 61.8 23.4 1.1
G-300 0.63 307 140 33.26 11,081 3,561 52.8 36.1 25.4
G-500 0.57 482 176 26.65 20,730 1,013 46.8 43.0 5.8
Selective hot flotation 75° C corresponding to the treatment of these concentrated
bulk product after another release to 10 microns in two independent concentrates
on: one of sulfides of copper trading not punishable and other lower weight with
copper-arsenic to be processed via stage of hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy /
or table 9. When processing the shows scan with 150 ppm As witnesses is
accomplished efficiently separating in greater weight as commercial (preliminary
tests of separation less tennantite Cu) copper concentrate and other concentrated
lower weight with Cu sulfide and/or As a processing complex
Table 9. Preliminary tests of separation of concentrates of copper with arsenic
Batch Test Assays, % Distribution, %
Core Sample Product Particle P80
%
Wt CU MO Faith As CU MO Faith As pH
G-150 Conc. Rob Cu 19 44.0 44.63 0.02 13.30 0.27 52.1 55.0 32.2 34.9 11
G-300 Conc. Rob Cu 9 48.1 44.18 0.50 1240 1.49 64.0 71.3 36.4 66.8 " 11/7
G-500 Conc. Rob Cu 12 67.1 33,62 0.10 1840 2.56 84.6 69.8 62.3 83.1 11
G-150 Conc.As 19 31.4 30.56 0.01 24.90 0.45 25.4 19.5 43.0 41.2 11
G-300 Conc.As 9 29.0 21.70 0.09 23.70 0.63 18.9 7.6 41.9 17.0 " 11/7
G-500 Conc.As 12 9.8 11.86 0.10 21.60 1.02 4.4 9.4 10.8 4.9 11

13. 13
Confirmation of the test of these concentrates by diffraction of X rays, table 10, shows us for
example that the complex compound Clinoclase as Cu hidroxo-arsenite, persists in copper-
arsenic concentrate. The porphyry copper in the Northern Strip in addition to this punish
arsenic, lead contents of Au and Ag which eventually help increase the value of payment of
concentrate.

14. 14
TABLE 10. X-RAY DIFFRACTION IN TEST METALLURGIC NORTH ZONE
CONCENTRATES
7. Chemical reagents of flotation copper - molybdenum - South Belt
Them stages of floating collective of floating bulk Cu-Mo, flotation of cleaning bulk Cu-Mo,
flotation selective of separation Cu and Mo, cleanings of the separation of Cu and Mo, in
addition to make is in agitated tanks of conditioning of liquids reagents, solid for pH, gaseous
of atmospheres oxidizing, inert, dispersing u oily collectors, surfactants, liquid dispersants,
flocculants, alcohol sparkling, non humidity, anti-fouling. Those who act on the chemistry of the
surfaces of the mineralized frothed- particles for their physical separation automated
mechanical strong agitation flotation cells, air insufflated to float bubbles and downloads
bargains not floated, as well as pneumatic cells and petroleum for thermal drying. Table Annex
A-2, summarizes the consumption of reagents in typical use in the southern belt
1 RESULTS OF TREATMENT BY PROFUNDIZACI AREA OR N OF THE PORPHYRITIC COPPER
8. Selective separation of concentrates
Copper concentrates with Arsenic in the mineralized belts of the Centre and North:
The routes of processes of treatment whereas e.g. the greater species mineralized are
different, as is indicate some of them:

15. 15
• Oxides of copper and sulfur secondary Cu with high Arsenic, sericite and little carbonate for the
crushing, followed by the agglomeration or n Leach a. n in dumps 60 tonnes / to n or.
• Arsenopyrite FeAsS via oxidative or n-lixiviation acid bacteria in 120 hours is solubilized and
precipitated in 6 stages of neutralization to pH about 6 with Caliza-Cal.
• Tennantite by oxidation to pressure or autoclive after drying in the team Holoflite, extracted
copper, S ° and scorodite
• Enargite by roasting in atmosphere or oxidizing Sphere (Platsol, Geocoat) sets the escorodita
AsO As4Fe.2H2Or allowing you to extract the copper to 98%
8.1. options of separation of arsenic in molybdenum concentrate, Belt Center:
8.1.1 leaching with FeCl3 (15%), CaCl2 (30%) at 85 ° C:
For the leaching of zone, for example with 1.37 molybdenum concentrate % Cu and 0.64% As
average will be reloaded at 30% solids by oxidation temperature in the reactor closed for 3
hours,
Has been revised the "Brenda" process in studies that is carried out on concentrates of the
central area recently, in where the extraction of copper of 78% and also the arsenic as
maximum arrives to the 60% of extraction to the same time, leaving still punishable remanent
arsenic
8.1.2 Leaching with NaOH (10%), Na2S (10%), CaCO3 (5%) at 85 ° C:
The process of removal of arsenic with NaOH (Reynolds, Denver Co. 1981), applicable to
the molybdenum concentrate, is however judged that residue leaching with FeCl3, is
appropriate for your application by the reaction and requires 6 hours of agitation:
3NaOH + FeAsO4 - Na3AsO4 + Fe (OH)... 85 ° C
For the additional withdrawal on this route, as initial reports removal of 80% As and
unreferenced Cu and Sb, and instead as a second part allows a total removal of both
stages of 86% Cu and approximately 88% As
In such a way that molybdenum concentrate low As content to 0.11% and is thus suitable
for their marketing.
8.1.3 Differential flotation Molibdenite-Oropiment.
Using an oxidant conditioning As2S3, seeks to reduce the buoyancy of the
concentrate of high grade of arsenic and fraction with low content of Moly and
instead concentrate the fraction of molybdenum concentrate with lower content of
As2S3, until the commercial Molybdenum degree. The second fraction by weight,

16. 16
which is much smaller, with high content of As2S3, is leaching for example with
H2SO4 + CaCl+O2 at 100 ° C for 7 hr.
Conditions mechanical leaching, filtering, drying, as basic stages that would be
included in a change process, according to the option that must be confirmed at the
level of laboratory and pilot, affine scaling at the industry level to define management
and cost of approximately for example of 21 MTPD for Moly concentrate and by-
products, that will also recover the residual heat of the drying process used for the
stages of heating of pulps to 85 ° C.
FIG. 5TH KINETICS OF DISSOLUTION OF ARSENIC
8.1.4. Bulk de Chalcopyrite, Tennantite-Enargite and sphalerite flotation
It is known that copper concentrates containing As about 0.3% are not received by the
smelters, so copper with As gangue minerals must follow a mitigation Protocol. Copper
porphyry in this problem is still manageable, instead deposits with mostly of zone massive
sulphide Center of Peru, with chalcopyrite sulfides is the attached table 11 as example,
enargite in gangue pyrite and sphalerite should concentrate as bulk phase, then do a quick
Chalcopyrite with minimum floating As and then put up the flotation of Enargite-Tennantite for
hydrometallurgical treatment. Using the consecutive stages of selectivity.
Productos % Peso Cu Pb Zn Ag *Onz/t Fe As Au* Onz/t CuO Cu Pb Zn Ag Fe As Au CuO
Alimento 100.00 3.5 0.4 1.2 3.6 32.6 0.6 0.020 0.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Conc Cu-Zn 9.4 31.2 1.8 9.6 26.9 17.3 5.3 0.045 84.8 42.6 73.0 70 5 80.5 21.15
Relave 90.6 0.58 0.26 0.37 1.2 34.18 0.14 0.017 15.2 57.4 27.0 30 95 19.5 78.85
Separación selectiva del concentrado Bulk Cu-Zn-As
Etapas de selectividad consecutiva
* Separacion sólido líquido
* Remolienda
* Desorcion de iones activantes de esfalerita
* Carbon activado y ajuste de Eh - pH
* Flotacion de Chalcopirita a 120mv.
* Flotacion de Tenantita -Enargita
* Flotacion Inversa de Zinc a 40° C
Ensayes % y *Onz /t Distribución %
Tabla 11. Flotación Bulk Cu -Zn de Mineral No Porfirítico Cu-As-Ag ( Enargita-Tenantita), Zona Centro de Perú

17. 17
9. Estimation of parameters key of the design of the processing of minerals
Then it is summarized the findings of the models of geology and the metallurgical
challenge of the study of engineering to porphyry copper assigned among these
three magmatic belts, intends the diagram of process flows balanced based on the
criterial design of plant processes, before being concatenated with other
disciplines as are: Mechanics, civil architecture, electrical, electronic , attempts, all
of which are under the control of the project, shown only as an example a
compiling some key parameters table that will be used to measure teams, in
addition to considering its technical specifications and process control
instrumentation detail diagrams.
Table 11. Chemical composition of the porphyry Central zone, leaching and flotation
productsThe preliminary balance of the basic stages of distribution between the treatment of
oxides and sulphides (secondary), for example are summarized in table 11 corresponding to
the area of porphyry in copper-Moly in the central belt, is expected to undermine the entire
layer of oxides during the first 5 years.
Assay of ore feed
Assay, % or ppm *
CU (tot) CU (AS) CU (CN s.) CU (Sun) I.S. CU (sulfide) MO Au * AG *
1.74 0.27 1.28 1.55 89.1 84.5 0.357 0.82 12.34
Results of flotation
Weight Test, % or ppm Recovery, %
grams % CU MO Au CU MO Au
Rougher concentrate 51.8 5.2 25.60 5.840 10.29 83.0 95.2 84.8
Rougher tailings 952.9 94.8 0.29 0.016 0.10 17.0 4.8 15.2
Calculated food 1004.7 100.0 1.59 0.316 0.63 100.0 100.0 100.0
Comments: Adding CaO (grams) = 4.0
Good foaming
Chalcosite
Leaching results 500 g
Leaching Particle size:
Solution PLS -3 mm
Vol 1000 ml 1008 ml
CU 0.23 GPL 4.42 GPL Time leaching:
Free acid 3.92 GPL 7.11 GPL 7 days
Fe+2 0.92 GPL 3.11 GPL
Fe+3 2.41 GPL 0.84 GPL Recovery: 48.5 %
Consumption acid:
LeachResidue (calculated): 11.5 kg/ton
CU 0.90 % 1.4 kg/kg Cu

18. 18
Ilustración 1. Ejemplo de Operación de concentración del pórfido de Cobre- Faja Sur, bajo Control de Potencial de
Sulfidización CPS

19. 19

20. 20
10. criteria of design for the project
Descripti
on
Unit Strip South F. Center F. North
Daily production of
mine
KTPD 360 80 90
Thick oxides
Supergeno
m. 300 25 25
Thick transition m 100 250 200
Primary thickness-
Hypogene
m 600-1000 510 600
Domain Lithologyc,
U.C.S.
MPa 150-200 30-210 100-180
Pattern of blasting,
RQD
TPH 2300 2850 3200
Mineralization CU-Mo, CuO CU-Mo-As CU-Ag-Au-As-
Mo
Primary crushing Sulf.
and Oxid
KW 3 1000 1000 1000
Lixiv.Ox - SX - EW   
Secondary crushing
oxides
KW From sulfides
Crushing secondary
sulphides
KW 6450 2150 2150
High pressure
rollers,
KW 9400 3080 not
Crushing
Bond Index
KW
h/t
7 7.5 7
Index Bond
grinding
KW
h/t
15 17 14
Fracture
parameter
Axb 38 40 42
Grinding SAG KW not not 22000
Crushing
Pebbles
KW not not 590
Ball Mills KW 32400 10800 15000
Degree of
liberation, P80
µm 120 80 90
Floating Bulk CU-
Mo - Au
M3 8600 2700 2700
Floating Bulk CU-As-
Au-Mo
M3 8600 2700 2700
Copper -
molybdenum
separation
M3 860 270 270
Separation Copper-
arsenic
TM/h 20
Molybdenum -
arsenic separation
TM/h 20
Oxidizing leaching
Fe Cl3
HR 7
Alkaline leaching
NaOH - Na2S
HR 7
Reducing
roasting
min 20
Filtration
pressure
M2
Drying Holoflite   
Transport km 250 340 200

21. 21
11. processing costs
The price of metals of copper 2.25 U.S. $ / pound and molybdenum 10 U.S.$ / pound in the
first quarter of 2016, see fig. 6 and 7, they are below the prices of metals very encouraging
projects of copper 3.00 U.S. $ / pound and 1000 gold $ oz. However 20% of mines of copper
porphyry Cu 1.96 to 2.0 costs U.S. $/pound have operational difficulties. In the design of the
processing of these minerals in addition to absorb difficulties in mastering parameters
generating higher cost as the grinding for example, seek the generation of payable in
concentrates by contributors of the quantity (recovery), variety of valuable metals and quality
of concentrates to reduce the content of punishible * with processes of greater profitability as
well as in the mining plan:
 Limits of casting. 0.3%, 0.05% Sb, Bi 0.02%,Cl 0.03%,F 0.03%, Hg 5 ppm or 0.5%
FIG.6 FIG 7.
MOLYBDENUM
Molybdenum as a secondary income from copper competes with the gold, bismuth and silver
in generating payable extra, however its features are object of plant design review for content
more of ferro-molybdenite, mercury, realgar and orpiment; that use of a parallel market for the
sale of the product oxide molybdenum under specification of 48% to 52% Mo, 0.07% As you
originate. Table 12

22. 22
Table 12. -Characteristics of molybdenum market
Conclusion and comment:
The mineralized zone of copper porphyry younger is located in the North of Peru late
Miocene (5,000 years), the Paleocene in the South (32,000 years) and the belt of the
Eoceno-Oligoceno in the middle (up to 65,000 years) as the most ancient
The three strips N, C and S are to be formed with layers of oxides of mayor until 250
meters thick in the South that the mineralized belts of copper in the Centre and North. The
Moly is the highest content in the area of the South mineral belt.
The areas of secondary enrichment with Cu under the supergenic of Bornite, Covellite also
contains more arsenic in the Center instead in the North as well as there is more gold-
silver, metallurgy treatments will be more elaborate the processes in the North to the
central and southern zone.