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Johnny’s Selected Seeds
These slides were presented at the 30th
Annual Carolina Farm Stewardship
Association by Plant Breeder Emily Rose
Haga.
Please do not reproduce without the express
consent of Johnny’s Selected Seeds
Contact Information:
Emily Rose Haga
ehaga@johnnyseeds.com
(207) 861-3974
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-564-6697
Tomato Breeding at
Johnny’s Selected Seeds
Emily Rose Haga
Plant Breeder
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-564-6697
Johnny’s Early Years
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-564-6697
Johnny’s Early Years
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Johnny’s Selected Seeds
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Variety Trials @ Johnny’s Research Farm
Johnny’s Selected Seeds
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Seed Testing @ Johnny’s QA Lab
Johnny’s Selected Seeds
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Plant Breeding @ Johnny’s Research Farm
 60 JSS Bred
Varieties
 7 All American
Selection Winners
 2013 Breeder’s Cup
Award
Johnny’s Selected Seeds
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Next Generation of
Plant Breeders @ Johnny’s
Johnny’s Tomato R&D
Diversity of Trials at Johnny’s:
 Field & Greenhouse varieties
 Traditional, Heirloom, &
Specialty types
 Hybrid & Open Pollinated
varieties
 Rootstock & Grafted varieties
Traits of Interest:
 Flavor & Quality
 Disease Resistance
 Yield
 Dependability
 Broad & Regional adaptation
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-564-6697
Johnny’s Field Tomato Trials
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Johnny’s Greenhouse Tomato Trials
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Johnny’s Tomato Breeding
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
 Focus on:
 Traditional Plant Breeding methods
 Niche opportunities not satisfied by
supply network
 Unique needs of direct market
growers
 Selection under organic & low-input
environments
 Open-field, short-season adaptation
Johnny’s Tomato Breeding
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Hand Pollinations @ Johnny’s Research Farm
Johnny’s Tomato Breeding
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Selection Criteria:
Flavor & Texture
Direct Market Appeal
Early Maturity
Yield (Total & Marketable)
Foliar Disease Resistance
Plant Architecture
Tomato Breeding Nursery @ Johnny’s
Research Farm
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Ind Red LBR
Slicer
F2
F1
Det Red LBR
Slicer
Ind Green
Heirloom
Segregating for plant habit, color, LBR, & more…. P (green, det, LBR) = 9/1024!
F3
Johnny’s Tomato Breeding
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Johnny’s Tomato Breeding
F3
Select within & between families
F4
Select within & between families
F5
Select between families
F6+
Finished Product = Breeding Line,
Hybrid Parent, or OP variety
Johnny’s Tomato Breeding
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Johnny’s Regional Tomato Trial Visits
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Johnny’s Tomato Breeding
Hand
Pollinations
Breeding &
Selection
Variety
Testing
Seed
Production
Breeding
Seed
Foundation
Seed
Stock Seed
Commercial
Seed
Johnny’s Tomato Breeding
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Seed Production @ Johnny’s Research Farm
Johnny’s Tomato Breeding
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Seed Production @ Johnny’s Research Farm
Johnny’s Tomato Breeding
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
 Clementine F1
 Tangerine Orange Cocktail
 Sweet-Tart Flavor
 Fusarium & Crack Resistant
 Compliment to Mountain Magic
Johnny’s Tomato Breeding
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Cherry Bomb F1
Classic Red Cherry
Late Blight Resistant
for field protection
Ideal harvest &
snacking size
Excellent, well-
balanced cherry flavor
Attractive calyx
Johnny’s Tomato Breeding
Johnnyseeds.com | 1-877-6697
Thank you!! Any Questions??

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Johnny's Selected Seeds tomato breeding overview

Editor's Notes

  1. Seed dealers & breeders with grassroots origins Focused on alternative markets, including diversified market farmers & avid home gardeners Will describe tomato research & breeding at JSS
  2. Rob was part of food counterculture & back to the land movement in Massachusetts ca. 1970s Recognized opportunity to source alternative vegetable varieties from around the world to this market Hand writes seed companies, university breeders, & international embassies requesting seed
  3. Started company as Johnny Appleseeds in1973 Changes to Johnny’s Selected Seeds after threatened with trademark infringement Strong commitment to organic seeds & research from beginning
  4. ”Selected Seeds” more accurately conveys commitment to finding the best seed for alternative markets All varieties tested on Albion research farm under sustainable farming practices with goal of finding flavorful, easy to grow & widely adapted vegetables Today we have a network of >100 seed vendors around the world
  5. strict quality testing standards also established early on
  6. Rob identifies niches & opportunities to start selecting & breeding his own new varieties Starts to win AAS awards for work Devotes more time to plant breeding Sells company to employees in 2005 and focuses more on breeding
  7. Rob decides later to transition breeding programs to next generation Hires me in 2012, and additional breeders over next 3 years to take on new & existing crops Increasing need to develop new products for direct market, drives new commitment by Johnny’s
  8. Wide diversity of tomato trials at Johnny’s to fill market needs General targets stay the same, but specific traits vary by product category Always looking for best in class within each category Example: Different flavor requirements in traditional vs. heirloom; disease resistance packages required in field vs. GH; yield in hybrid vs. OP; specific regional or environmental challenges that require grafting
  9. Low-input selection conditions with cover cropping, organic soil amendments, & rotation practices
  10. Low tech, soil-based protected culture with beneficial plant & insect emphasis
  11. Develop new tomato varieties with traits that can’t source elsewhere or for which existing variety is inferior for direct market or organic/low-input production Focus on heirloom-quality, field-adapted varieties that can produce under short growing seasons and heavy disease pressure EB/LB/SLS uniquely challenging to organic growers because of limited control options- not target of most commercial tomato breeding programs because conventional growers control with fungicides Many organic growers going inside to avoid disease, but protected culture is expensive real estate- need alternatives!
  12. Create new genetic diversity by developing new breeding populations & experimental varieties Combine traits of interest in different genetic backgrounds via controlled mating (i.e. hand pollinations) Ex: Green Heirloom x Det Red LBR Slicer Requires knowledge of reproductive biology for each crop, including flower morphology Process includes bud emasculation, pollen collection/application/storage, cross & fruit labeling, seed extraction 2 greenhouse cycles/year @ Johnny’s Research Farm- summer & winter crossing blocks ~1000+ hand pollinations/cycle!
  13. New breeding populations & experimental varieties evaluated in field Selection is based on index of several different criteria- often competing! Use marker testing to help us track disease resistances in segregating populations Takes 6-8 generations to reach uniformity considered acceptable for OP variety or hybrid parent line Progress is slow at the rate of 1 generation/year!
  14. Ex: Green Heirloom x Det Red LBR Slicer Create diversity & select to uniformity Knowledge of inheritance patterns helps predict probabilities & population sizes Breeding becomes challenging when combining traits with recessive & complex genetics
  15. Slow progress at 1-2 cycles/year of generation advancement Minimum 3 & up to 6+ years until finished product Finished product then requires more testing if becomes or used to develop experimental new variety
  16. New varieties require advanced on-farm trialing across multiple regions in multiple years Farmer feedback= extremely valuable! Helps make decisions & guide future product development Need a wide network of university & farmer cooperators to help confirm performance & adaptability Looking for future partners in NC region
  17. Seed production starts out on small scale when just saving breeder seed Series of increases coordinated for “family jewels” in preparation for commercial seed production
  18. Foundation & stock seed lines for OP varieties & F1 hybrid parents done on-farm Harvested fruit is added to a hopper, mashed to extract seed which is then separated & collected to fermented in barrels
  19. Seed is then sluiced (separated) & dried before post-harvesting milling & quality testing
  20. Plum x Cherry cross = firm, meaty cocktail-sized fruits with juicy, sweet-tart flavor Perfect salad tomato- slice in quarters or halves High yielding indeterminate Compact & open for easy harvest & maintenance = good architecture for field or hoophouse Positive grower feedback
  21. Cherry x Grape cross = slightly oval shape, classic cherry flavor with firmer texture Ideal, one-bite size fruits are not too big or small Easy to harvest for market Strongest LB protection for natural protection against newer LB strains- especially important for organic growers! Healthy & robust indeterminate Requires staking (Field cherry only because of vigorous plant habit)