2. Matter
Matter is anything that occupies space and has
mass. All physical objects and invisible ones like gas
are composed of matter, and an easily observed
property of matter is its state or phase. The three
states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Melting point
The melting point of a
substance is the
temperature at which it
changes state from solid to
liquid. It is also the
temperature at which it
freezes.
The boiling point is the
temperature at which a
material changes from a
liquid to a gas (boils). It
also condenses at this
temperature.
Boiling point
8.
9. Crystal growing
The existence of substances in crystalline form can only
be explained if we assume it is made of particles. Crystals
grow as layers of these particles build on the crystal
surface. The end result is that particles arrange
themselves in regular rows and give the crystal its
regular shape, with flat surface and straight edges.
10. Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration. When chemicals, like the
smell of perfume or burning toast, are let loose in a room, the particles
mix with the air particles. The particles of smelly gas are free to move
quickly in all directions. They eventually spread throughout the whole
room. This is called diffusion. Diffusion happens in liquids and gases
because their particles move randomly from place to place. It clearly
explains that matter is made of particles.
11. Kinetic Particle Theory
The kinetic particle theory says that all matter consists
of many, very small particles which are constant state
of random motion. The degree to which the particles
move is determined by the amount of energy they have
like in which state they are and their relationship to
other particles.