tecnologías en biotecnología

1. Biotechnology
Capter 3.1, 3.5, B.2

2. Definition:
• Biotechnology is the broad area of biology, involving living systems
and organisms to develop or make products.
• “Any technological application that uses biological systems, living
organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or
processes for specific use“

3. Techniques
• 1- Artificial Selection
• 2- Induced mutagénesis
• 3- In vitro fertilization
• 4- DNA sequencing/DNA profiling (PCR, gel electrophoresis)
• 5- Cloning
• 6- Genetic engineering

4. 1- Artificial Selection = Selective breeding
• Is the identification by humans of
desirable traits in plants and animals,
and the steps taken to enhance and
perpetuate those traits in future
generations.
• Use in:
• Farming and Livestock (pigs, cows, sheep,
poultry), dogs, horses, crops
• Stem cells

5. Page 243

6. 2- Induced mutagenesis
• Technique that creates
mutations using
environmental chemicals or
radiation.
• Used to increase genetic variation,
which breeders depend on to
produce crops with desirable traits,
such as resistance to diseases and
insects.
• Induce infertility in males (mosquito)
• Ornamental plants

7. • A medical procedure
whereby an egg is fertilized
by sperm in a test tube or
elsewhere outside the body.
• Surrogate pregnancy
• Treatment of human infertility
• Use as prevention of inherited
diseases.
• Same sex couples or
uniparental
• Cloning
• Domestic animals
3-

8. 4- DNA sequencing
• DNA sequencing is a technique used to determine the precise order of
the four nucleotide bases, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
which make up a strand of DNA
• Used for DNA profiling, Human Genome Project, Bioinformatics (B.5)
• Uses techniques such as PCR and gel electrophoresis
By PCR

9. DNA profiling
• Is the process where a specific
DNA pattern, called a profile, is
obtained from a person or sample
of bodily tissue.
• Applications:
• criminal identification
• Paternity testing
• Mass disaster victim identification
• Immigration & inheritance dispute
• Ancestry & racial identification
• Cancer susceptibility using genetic
markers(BRCA1 y 2)

10. Page 189

12. Page 190

13. Gel electrophoresis – page 187
• Is used to separate
proteins in an electric
field, according to their
size and charge.
• Can separate DNA and
proteins

15. Polymerase Chain Reaction – PCR
• Also called DNA amplification
• Method used to make large numbers of copies of segments of DNA
(page 115-116)

16. DNA
amplification
by PCR
(page 188)

17. Human Genome
Project
(page 147)

18. 5- Cloning – page 195
• the process of
generating a genetically
identical copy of a cell or
an organism.
• Can be naturally (page
196) or artificially by
Somatic-cell Nuclear
Transfer (page 199)

19. Cloning Dolly
(page 199)

20. Human cloning Stem cell cloning

21. • Possible uses:
• Rapid multiplication of
desired livestock rapid
spread of superior
genotypes.
• Production of large number
of preferred sires for natural
breeding ( alternative to
artificial insemination )
• Domestic animals
• Stem cells

22. 6- Genetic engineering
page 190 - 191
• The group of applied
techniques used to cut up and
join together genetic material
from one or more species of
organism and to introduce the
result into an organism in
order to change one or more
of its characteristics.
• Also called Genetic
Modification
• Create GMO’s (Genetically
Modified Organisms) or
Transgenic organisms
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2G-yUuiqIZ0

24. Genetically modified organisms = transgenic organisms
IN BACTERIA
Page 191
IN ANIMALS

26. IN PLANTS

32. Risks and benefits of GMOs:
- page 192-194, 566, 571
BENEFITS RISKS

33. Biotechnology Applications
Page 558, 561-562
• Why microorganisms are used?
• What is Pathway Engineering?
• Name several examples of pathway engineering and other uses of microorganism
in industry (food products, biogas)
Page 566-567
• Name 2 examples of transgenic animals and name their modifications
• Name 7 examples of transgenic crops and why and how they were modified
Page 575, 579-580
• What is bioremediation?
• What properties does microorganisms have that make them useful in
bioremediation?
• Name several examples that had used microorganisms as bioremediation agents
and specify how