Personal Knowledge Graphs (PKGs) are introduced by the semantic web community as small-sized user-centric knowledge graphs(KGs). PKGs fill the gap of personalised representation of user data and interests on the top of big, well-established encyclopedic KGs, such as DBpedia [21]. Inspired by the widely recent usage of PKGsin the medical domain to represent patient data, this PhD proposal aims to adopt a similar technique in the educational domain in e-learning platforms by deploying PKGs to represent users and learners. We propose a novel PKG development that relies on ontology and interlinks to Linked Open Data. Hence, adding the dimension of personalisation and explainability in users’ featured data while respecting privacy. This research design is developed in two use cases: a collaborative search learning platform and an e-learning platform. Our preliminary results show that the e-learning platforms can get benefited from our approach by providing personalised recommendations and more user and group-specific data.

1. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms
Eleni Ilkou

2. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
Introduction
Knowledge Graphs (KGs)
Personal Knowledge Graphs (PKGs)
E-learning use cases
1. collaborative search
2. e-learning platform
2
Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”

3. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
The problem
- Encyclopedic KGs do not contain personal data
by nature
- Need for personalisation → LOD can help
- Push for digital transformation of education
Solution → PKGs
- Small and user-centric
Good for exploring
- Users’ patterns
- Collaborative features (group patterns)
3
Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”

4. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
Summary Example
4
Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”

5. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
Research Qs
• RQ1: How to syntactically and semantically
represent a PKG in the e-learning domain?
• RQ2: How can e-learning platforms offer better
semantically enhanced personalised features,
such as semantic recommendations, with the
usage of PKGs?
• RQ3: How can collaborative search learning
environments offer more personalised features
with the usage of PKGs?
• RQ4: Can collaborative learning platforms offer
better collaboration with the usage of PKGs?
5
Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”

6. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
State of the art
1. PKGs
Challenges raised from PIM[1]
Initial efforts in medical domain[2]
Personal Knowledge Graph Summarization [3,4]
2. Personalisation in e-learning → adaptive
recommenders
Symbolic:ontologies[5], semantic frameworks[6]
Subsymbolic “black-box”: open learner model[7]
3. Collaborative Search and Learning (SaL)
Entity-centric[8]
6
Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”

7. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
Approach Basis
7
Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”
An architecture for the creation of a PKG for a
user in the back end of an e-learning system

8. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
Approach Cases
1. Collaborative
Search
2. e-Learning
platform
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Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”

9. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
Opportunities and Challenges
+ PKGs promising new in this domain and
problems
- Privacy, time dependent
Methodology
Qualitative and quantitative
Human participants (interviews and
questionnaires)
- No gold-standards or baseline metrics for
collaborative search and SaL
9
Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”

10. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
Results so far
10
Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”
User Profile pattern from EduCOR[5] ontology

11. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
Results so far
11
Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”
User general feedback
from CollabGraph [9].
EQ:"I like the"
1: the group results
visualized in a graph,
2: the summary of the
team-members results,
3: the graph visualizations
4: graph visualization next
to the list view of the
search results,
5: combination of the list
and graph view.

12. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
Future Work
PKGs core
Knowledge Acquisition, maintaning, creation and
update factors of PKGs
Privacy
E-learning applications
Semantic personalised recommendations
Annotations from tutors and direct feedback
Knowledge building spaces
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Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”

13. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
Conclusion
PKGs small, user-centric KGs in the platform
Applications in educational domain: collaborative
search and e-learning platforms
Benefits for platforms connected to knowledge
bases
Promises for better personalisation and
collaboration
13
Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”

14. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
Thank you!
Questions?
Contact me at ilkou@l3s.de
Preprint
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Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”

15. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
References
1. William Jones. 2007. Personal Information
Management. Annu. Rev. Inf. Sci.Technol. (2007).
2. Huaqiong Wang, Xiaoyu Miao, and Pan Yang.
2018. Design and implementation of personal
health record systems based on knowledge
graph. In 2018 9
th
International Conference
(ITME).
3. Lukas Faber, Tara Safavi, Davide Mottin,
Emmanuel Müller, and Danai Koutra.2018.
Adaptive Personalized Knowledge Graph
Summarization. In Proceedings of KDD Workshop
on Mining and Learning with Graphs (MLG)
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Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”

16. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
References
4. Tara Safavi, Caleb Belth, Lukas Faber, Davide
Mottin, Emmanuel Müller, and Danai Koutra.
2019. Personalized Knowledge Graph
Summarization: From the Cloud to Your Pocket.
In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Data
Mining, ICDM 2019, Beijing, China, November 8-
11, 2019.
5. Eleni Ilkou et al. 2021. EduCOR: An Educational
and Career-Oriented Recommendation
Ontology. In The Semantic Web – ISWC 2021 -
20th International Semantic Web Conference,
ISWC 2021, Virtual Event, October 24-28, 2021,
Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer
Science). Springer.
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Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”

17. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
References
6. Ufuoma Chima Apoki. 2021. The design of
WASPEC: A fully personalised Moodle system
using semantic web technologies. Computers
(2021)
7. Solmaz Abdi, Hassan Khosravi, Shazia Sadiq, and
Dragan Gasevic. 2020. Complementing
educational recommender systems with open
learner models. In Proceedings of LAK’20
8. Salvatore Andolina, Khalil Klouche, Tuukka
Ruotsalo, Patrik Floréen, and Giulio Jacucci.
2018. Querytogether: Enabling entity-centric
exploration in multi-device collaborative search.
Inf. Process. Manag. (2018).
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Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”

18. 25-29 April 2022 I Lyon, France
References
9. Eleni Ilkou, Tetiana Tolmachova, Marco
Fisichella, and Davide Taibi. 2022. CollabGraph:
A graph-based collaborative search summary
visualisation. (2022)
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Eleni Ilkou
“Personal Knowledge Graphs:
Use Cases in e-learning Platforms”