The document analyzes three paint and varnish samples using various techniques: 1. Viscosity tests found Sample 1 had pseudo-plastic behavior and Samples 2 and 3 had Newtonian behavior. 2. Thermo-gravimetric analysis revealed the samples' degradation steps and composition of volatiles, polymers, and residues. 3. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified volatile compounds in Samples 1 and 2. 4. Infrared spectroscopy determined Sample 1 contained poly(methylacrylate), Sample 2 contained poly(methylacrylate), and Sample 3 contained alkyd resin. 5. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy found elemental compositions of the samples' residues.

1. Paints and varnishes
By NEACSU Elena, GROS Guillaume and LAFONTAN Theo
1

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Rheology – Viscosity
• Thermo - gravimetric Analysis (TGA)
• Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
• Infrared spectroscopy (IR)
• Scanning electron microscopy
/ Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
(SEM-EDX)
2

3. 3
• Introduction
Sample 1 Sample 3Sample 2
• Tools cleaning with water
• Without lead
3
• Acrylic varnish
• Partially dry after 1h
• Completely dry after 4h
• Partially dry after 4h
• Completely dry after 12h
• Volatile organic compound category A+
• Exclusively for Al
• No sagging
• Partially dry after 4h
• Completely dry after 6h
• Macroscopic analysis

4. Rheology - Viscosity
Measuring conditions :
• Ambient temperature
• Increasing shear velocity depends
on initial viscosity
Purpose :
• Finding the viscosity for each sample
• Understanding applying conditions
4

5. Viscosity results:
• in blue viscosity function of rotation speed
• in red shearing strength function of rotation speed
Comments: pseudo-plastic behavior linked to application ability
5
Sample 1 - Syntilor Sample 2 - 3V3 Expert Alu

6. Viscosity results:
• in blue viscosity function of rotation speed
• in red shearing strength function of rotation speed
Comments: Newtonian behavior linked to application ability
6
Sample 3 – Julien Minium Gris

7. Thermo Gravimetric Analyses TGA
Measuring conditions:
• Temperature ramp 10°/min
• Temperature range : from 20 to 650 degrees
• Oxygen environment
Purpose:
• Observing degradation steps
• Quantitative determination of :
1. solvants
2. polymers
3. additives
7

8. Thermo Gravimetric Analyses – results :
Comments: first zone - volatile compound
first
zone
8
first
zone
first
zone
Sample 1 - Syntilor Sample 2 - 3V3 Expert Alu Sample 3 – Julien Minium Gris
74,2 % 51,6 % 30 %
Heating flow Heating flow Heating flow

9. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Measuring conditions :
• cyclohexane solvent
Purpose :
• Finding volatil compounds
9

10. 10
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) - results:
Comments: volatile compound revealed for samples 1 and 2
13 %
52 %
35 %
3
1
2
1:
2:
3:

11. 11
Thermo Gravimetric Analyses – results :
Comments: dry extract = solids (polymers and additives)
first
zone
first
zone
first
zone
Sample 1 - Syntilor Sample 2 - 3V3 Expert Alu Sample 3 – Julien Minium Gris
74,2 % 51,6 % 30 %
Dry extract Dry extract Dry extract
25,8 % 48,4 % 70 %
Heating flow Heating flow Heating flow

12. 12
Thermo Gravimetric Analyses – results :
Comments: second zone – polymers degradation - combustion
first
zone
first
zone
first
zone
Sample 1 - Syntilor Sample 2 - 3V3 Expert Alu Sample 3 – Julien Minium Gris
74,2 % 51,6 % 30 %
second
zone
second
zone
second
zone
25,8 % 30 % 33,7 %
Heating flow Heating flow Heating flow

13. Infrared Spectroscopy
Measuring conditions:
• Thin solid film of paint
Purpose :
• Finding the organic composition of the samples
13

14. 14
Sample 1 - Syntilor
Infrared Spectroscopy – results:
Poly(methyacrylate)
Sample 1

15. 15
Sample 2 - 3V3 Expert Alu
Infrared Spectroscopy – results:
Poly(methyacrylate)
Sample 2

16. 16
Sample 3 – Julien Minium Gris
Infrared Spectroscopy – results:
alkyd resin
Sample 3

17. 1717
Thermo Gravimetric Analyses – results :
Comments: third zone – inorganic residues
first
zone
first
zone
first
zone
Sample 1 - Syntilor Sample 2 - 3V3 Expert Alu Sample 3 – Julien Minium Gris
74,2 % 51,6 % 30 %
second
zone
second
zone
second
zone
25,8 % 30 % 33,7 %
third zone third zone third zone
Heating flow Heating flow
Heating flow
18,4 % 36,3 %

18. Measuring conditions:
• alumine support
• vacuum
Purpose:
• Finding elementary composition of the residue
Scanning electron microscopy / Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
(SEM-EDX)
18

19. 19
Scanning electron microscopy / Energy-dispersive X-ray
Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX)- results:
Sample 2 – 3V3 Expert Alu

20. 20
Scanning electron microscopy / Energy-dispersive X-ray
Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX)- results:
Sample 3 – Julien Minium Gris

21. 21
Isothermal Thermo Gravimetric Analyses – results:
Measuring conditions :
• Constant temperature at 30 °C
• Analysis time 22h
Purpuse :
• Observing the drying process
• Finding the properties of dry
material after 1 hour and
after 4 hours
21
Heating flow
Time [s]
1h
4h
53 %
Dry in 2h30mins
27% of dry material left
Sample 1 - Syntilor

22. Financial situation
Technics Quantity Unit price Total price
order 1 40 40
TGA 3 160 480
Viscosymetry 3 90 270
order 2 40 40
IR spectroscopy 3 160 480
GPC 2 200 400
EDX 0,5 100 50
TGA 1 330 330
final price 2090
22

23. Conclusions
23
Price 79,6 €/l
Price 79,6 € /lPrice 75,8 € /l
• Alkyd resin without lead• Acrylic varnish
• Partially dry after 1h
• Recovery time 4h
• Pseudo plastic behavior • Volatile compounds –
propanoic acid ester and 2- propanol
• Newtonian behavior
• COV : C
• No residue, transparent
• Volatile compounds –
propanoic acid ester and 2- propanol
• Acrylic paint
• Residues – Si, Ca, C, K, Mg, Al..
• Pseudo plastic behavior

24. 24
Questions ?