3. Tuberculosis meningitis is very
common problem in India. About 2% to
5% of hospital admissions to
paediatric units are for TBM.
Tuberculomas are also common
almost 20% of pathologicaly proven
intracranial space occupying lesions in
India.
4. TBM is seventh leading cause of
death and disability worldwide.
5. TBM is due to tubercle becilus
causing the infection of CNS
and its coverings. It is coomon
in undeveloped countirs,
where malnutriotion,
overcrowding and wide
spread active pulmonary
tuberculosis is common
among general population.
7. TBM is said to be the most commonly
occurring type of CNS (central nervous
system) tuberculosis (TB). It occurs
when the subependymal or the subpial
tubercles, also referred to as the “Rich
foci” is seeded during the bacillemia of
the primary infection or the
disseminated disease, ruptures into
subarachnoid space.
8. The bacteria Mycobacterium
tuberculosis is responsible for
this form of tuberculosis. It
spreads to the brain as well
as the spine from another
remote site in the body of
patients.
9. A number of factors can
increase the risk of development of
this disorder. These include:
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Weakened immune system
Excessive consumption of alcohol
Acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS)
11. In infants and young children, the earliest
symptoms are fever, anorexia, irritability,
apathy, change of temperature etc.
In adults, they may present with pyrexia
and headache, which may be persistent
for months.
Later symptoms like meningeal irritation
appear with headache, neck stiffness,
photophobia and vomiting.
12. As this deisese progreses , cerebral
manifestations such as, hemiplegia,
convulsion and cranial nerve palsies.
Evidence of ICP accompanied
hydrocephalus is papiledema in adult
and bulding fontannele in children.
The patient may become deeply
comatose with fix dialation of pupil and
evidence of decerebration or
decortications.
13. Fever
Pain in back
Paresis and sensory loss
Bladder disturbance
14. Convulsion
Focal neurological deficit
In the course of typical TBM, CT
scan may demonstrate multiple
small tubreculomata: pyelonephritis,
pericarditis, epididymitis,
salphengitis, arthritis, peritionitis,
bowel infection, meningitis and
military tuberculosis.
19. The best way to prevent TB
meningitis is to prevent TB infections.
In communities where TB is common,
the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
vaccine can help control the spread
of the disease. This vaccine is
effective for controlling TB infections
in young children.
20. Treating people with nonactive or
dormant TB infections can also help
control the spread of the disease.
Nonactive or dormant infections are
when a person tests positive for TB,
but doesn’t have any symptoms of
the disease. People with dormant
infections are still capable of
spreading the disease.
