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1. Innovation
Introduction
Innovation means to change, renew, and create more creative and
better products, process or ways of doing things. It is also defined as a
process through which the social and economic value is extracted from
knowledge by developing, implementing and generating ideas that
produce improved or new products, strategies, processes or services
(Sloane, 2012).
Innovation versus Creativity
While innovation leads to observable improvement in services,
products and ways of doing things, creativity refers to ability of coming
up with original and new ideas. Such ideas on their own do not have
any value and the value is only realized after they get implemented. As
such, creativity is an important precursor to innovation. An example
that is practical demonstrating difference between innovation and
creativity is a meeting that is held by organization members (Sloane,
2012).
There are numerous challenges that organizations face and their goals
are highlighted while those in attendance come up with ideas on how
they can make progress within the organization. Ability of members to
come up with ideas that are original in order to solve problems as well
as achieve goals of the company demonstrate creativity. After these
ideas are proposed, they are developed then implemented so they can
have value. The process of implementing and developing ideas is what
innovation constitutes (Sloane, 2012). The difference therefore,
between creativity and innovation is that action is part of innovation
and not creativity.

2. Innovation in Medicine
Innovation in medicine, according to Medical Innovation in the
Changing Healthcare Marketplace (2002) is two-pronged. The first
aspect of medical innovation involves coming up with some new
diagnostics, therapeutic procedures and devices as well or
improvement. Innovation must occur in these two areas for the
benefits in medicine to be fully realized. Innovation in implants and
drugs are closely linked to innovation in medicine though they are
classified differently. It is far easier for innovation in implants and drugs
to take place as compared to medical innovation. This is due to the fact
innovation in drugs us far less costly to have any effect than
mainstream medical innovation.
Medical innovation can mean varying things to varying societies. In
developed nations like the US, it can be interpreted as invention of new
sophisticated technology that improves health. In middle and lower-
income countries, medical innovation is measured and judged in terms
of distinct needs. In such countries, application of technology without
understanding or identifying the most compelling needs of the
population could result to failure in medical innovation (Leonard,
2011). True medical innovation for such regions require addressing and
assessing unmet need in a cost effective and friendly manner. Medical
innovation must as well be applicable to remote regions that have
limited access to resources and workable with untrained and trained
personnel.
Types of Innovation
In any field, innovation can be either radical or incremental.
Incremental innovation involves improvement of services, products or
processes within an organization. Mostly, it involves identification of
the problems with existing set up as well as fixing them. On the other
hand, radical innovation entails complete abandonment of familiar

3. ways of doing things as well as finding an entirely different and new set
up. Radical innovations are not only very risky but difficult to
implement. Majority of persons in positions of leadership within an
organization find it easy to implement incremental innovation as
compared to carrying out radical innovation (Sloane, 2012). An
incremental innovation example in medicine would include coming up
with means that are less intrusive of disposing ailment or improving
treatment effectiveness. Radical innovation in medicine might also
include finding procedures that are entirely new of treating disease like
the use of nanotechnology to fight cancer instead of using
chemotherapy.
Incremental innovation as well as the benefit of making services,
processes and products improvement as such, increasing their value.
Radical innovation aids an organization to move with technological
advances and removes risk of an organization producing services or
products that are obsolete and from use of processes that are outdated
(Sloane, 2012).
There are various sources that inspire innovation. It might result from
the focus of creating new ideas as it happens in institutions of research
r by accident, as is the case with numerous inventions, like NutraSweet
and the microwave. The values or requirements that are conflicting in
relation to a product could lead to product innovation to satisfy
opposing notions at the same time. Process needs might also lead to
innovation just as is the case of lack of skilled workers in the US during
the 19th
and 20th
century which led to products standardization and
labor division in industries. Some of the other sources include the
demographics, changes in the new knowledge, industry and market
structure as well as perception.
Long term survival of an organization is dependent on innovation.
Organization leaders, therefore have the mandate of nurturing
creativity among members of an organization, ultimately leading to

4. innovation. Leaders who are receptive to new ideas, open minded and
flexible have a higher possibility of encouraging innovation in their
organizations. As earlier mentioned, majority of leaders are often good
at implementation of incremental innovation rather than radical
innovation. As such, they are supposed to give their juniors a chance to
manage implementation of radical innovations since juniors have
hands-on experience.
Conclusion
Often, creativity and innovation are used interchangeably. While this is
wrong, it points out the fact both are related closely and they cannot be
effective without each other. Creativity is an internal process occurring
in the mind of a person while innovation is an eternal phenomenon.
Without creativity, no innovation can exist and without innovation,
creativity would not have any value.
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5. Reference
Leonard, S. (2011). Defining Medical Device Innovation in a Global
Arena. MedTech Pulse Blog. Retrieved from:
<http://www.qmed.com/mpmn/medtechpulse/defining-medical-
device-innovation-global-arena>
Medical Innovation in the Changing Healthcare Marketplace:
Conference Summary. (2002). the Characteristics of Medical
Innovation.Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Sloane, P. (2012). What’s the Difference between Creativity and
Innovation? Innovationexcellence.com. Retrieved from
<http://www.innovationexcellence.com/blog/2012/08/04/whats-the-
difference-between-creativity-and-innovation/>