Modulo compactado octavo de ingles

Eighth Grade EGB
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Values
English
Pedagogical Module 1
1
Present simple
(review) 1
Past continuous 4
Present continuous 3
Yes/no questions
Wh-questions 2
Did you know that…
• English is the official language of 67 countries.
• There are more than 300 million native English
speakers on many continents.
• English is not only spoken as a mother tongue but
also as a second language in many other countries.
• It is the official language of the international aviation
industry.
• 60% of the world’s radio programs are in English.
• It is the language of 70% of the world’s mail.
Personal
Profile
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Social-emotional
abilities
11 Education
for change
10 Internet safety
9
Who are you?
Freepik
•
Approximately how many people speak English in the world?
•
Discuss with a partner another language you would like to learn. Why, how and when would you use it?
• What professions are related to international aviation?
• Do you listen to music in English on the radio?
• Do you prefer to write letters (by hand) or type an email (online)? What are the advantages of each?
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts
Life cycles
5
Muralism
6
Geography
7
Descriptive
paragraph
8
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2
Lesson A
Anne
city
country
Charles
Elizabeth
April 21st
Interesting People
Elizabeth II is a very famous queen. She rules the countries that form
part of the United Kingdom: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and
Wales (see the map) and some other territories in
Great Britain. They are all English-speaking
countries.
She’s from London, the capital city
of England. Her birthday is on April 21st.
She has four children: three boys; Prince
Charles, Prince Andrew, Prince Edward
and one girl; Princess Anne.
Communication and Cultural Awareness
Can you name the presidents from other countries? Do you recognize the woman in this picture?
These words are in the text above. Connect the words to the correct
picture.
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queen. the wife of a king
considered a ruler or monarch.
A female ruler or monarch
of a nation
rule. to decide, to use power,
authority, or influence. To use
authority to control a place
and or situation
country. the territory or land
of a nation
English-speaking countries.
nations where people speak
English
prince. the son of the king
or queen
princess. the daughter
of the king or queen
Vocabulary
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Pixabay
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Discuss the questions with
your partner:
Is there a queen in your
country? What language do
people speak in your country?
Name as many countries as
you can that speak English.
Is the English language
exactly the same in each
country?
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3
1. Do you know what FOOTBALL is called in the United States of America?
Unscramble these letters and you will find the answer.
C S O
E R C
2. What sports, other than soccer, are popular in other countries?
3. Listen to an interview with a student at a soccer academy. Where is
he from?
4. What do the letters BCSS stand for?
5. Challenge! Listen again and try to mention some countries where
students from BCSS come from and find their flags in exercise 1 above.
6. Cross out the errors in the sentences below. Write in the information
to make them correct.
• BCSS has more than 82 million players worldwide.
• Students cannot live at camps at BCSS.
• The boy interviewed is from England.
• David Beckham used to play in the Premier Soccer League.
Soccer Around the World
Oral Communication
Do you recognize any of these flags? What countries are they from?
flag. the symbol or emblem
of a country or institution
worldwide. existing
or happening in all parts
of the world
camp. a place where people
participate in special activities
Premier Soccer League.
the top group of competing
soccer teams in England
Vocabulary
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• When do you use the word from? Look at the following examples
and discuss with your partner.
- Lionel Messi is Argentinian. = He is from Argentina.
- Ivan is from Colombia. = He is Colombian.
- Mike is from The United States, but now he lives in Quito.
• Where are you from?
• Do you know people and have friends from other countries?
• What’s your teacher’s nationality?
Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
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4
Describing a Family
1. Your little brother dropped the cards to the left. Help him reorganize them
by writing the words in their corresponding space. When you finish,
compare with a partner.
Physical traits: Give examples of people that have these traits.
Personality: What are behaviors that demonstrate these personality traits?
2. You are a good painter and your friend Rosie asks you to make a portrait
of her family using the information below. Before you start drawing,
circle the physical traits and underline the personality descriptions
of each member.
Rosie’s Family
My family is not very big. I have one baby brother and no sisters.
We live with our parents, my grandma and our dog Flocky.
My mother is 38 years old. She is a very kind and happy woman.
She is short, a little fat, and she has long hair. She works at a supermarket.
My father is 42. He is a very funny and honest man. He works as
a mechanic with my uncle Carlos, his younger brother. My younger
brother is sweet so I love playing with him. My grandma is only
59 years old. She’s a really good cook and her chocolate cake is the
best in the world. Her hair is grey and short. Flocky is our pet dog.
He’ssmallandnoisy.Finally,IamRosie.I’m14yearsold.I’mshortandthin.
I am a bit quiet, but friendly.
3. Now you’re ready to draw Rosie’s family in the picture frame.
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Reading
What are some ways to describe members of a family?
trait. characteristic
portrait. a painting,
photograph, drawing
of a person
cook. a person who prepares
and cooks food as a job or in
a specific way
pet. a domestic animal
that lives in a house
as company
Vocabulary
big kind
happy
short
funny
black
thin
fat
young
quiet
friendly
long
sweet
good
honest
playful old
small noisy
grey
Answer the following
questions:
• How many sisters does
Rosie have?
•
How old is Rosie’s
grandmother?
•
Who is Carlos?
• Describe Rosie physically.
• What does Carlos do as
a job?
Ca
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A.
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5
Describing People
There’s a new student in the class and you want to describe her or him
to your mother. To do this, write a short descriptive paragraph.
1. Read the following sections of a paragraph. Which section do you think
is first, which is second, and which is third? Write the numbers 1, 2, 3
in the circles next to each section.
My mom is an interesting woman, and she’s beautiful
inside and out.
To conclude, for all these reasons and more, my mom
is the best.
My mom’s name is Carmen and she’s 37 years old. She is
from Zaruma, but now she lives in Cuenca with me and my
brothers. She is a tall and thin woman. Her hair is long and
brown. She’s very creative and funny. I love her smile and the
way she helps people with their problems. My mom works at
a hospital, she is a great nurse.
2. Now that you know the correct order, read it again. Which section do you
think is the A. Introduction, B. Body with details and the C. Conclusion.
Complete the hamburger that represents a complete paragraph.
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3. You’re ready to describe your new friend. Write the Introduction,
Body and Conclusion in the space provided.
Introduction
Conclusion
Body 1
Body 2
Body 3
How can I describe people’s personalities and physical appearance?
descriptive paragraph.
group of sentences that
describe a person, a place,
a thing or an event using
many descriptive adjectives
creative. a person who uses
original and unusual ideas
nurse. a person who cares
for people who are sick
or injured, especially
in a hospital
Vocabulary
Writing
Let’s play! Describe one
of your classmates to the
class and have the other
students try to guess who
he/she is. The student who
guesses first describes
another student, and so on.
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6
Family Photo Album
Your friend is showing you her family photo album. There are some pictures
from the past and the present.
1. What was she doing then? What is she doing now? Match the two
tenses to the correct sentence and picture.
Past
Progressive action
Present
Progressive action
I was playing with
my teddy bear then.
I am looking some
pictures with my
friend now.
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2. Complete the chart with “past” or “present.”
a. We use am / is / are + ing verbs (looking, living, visiting) to express
events in progress. (that are happening now)
b. We use was / were + ing verbs (doing, playing, eating) to express
events in progress. (that were happening in the past)
3. You and a friend are sharing pictures. Complete the conversation with
the correct form of the verbs in parentheses:
Your friend: This is me at my grandparents’ house two years ago.
You: What (is / were / am) you doing there?
Your friend: I was (play / played / playing) with my cat Sizzy.
You: (Are / Were / Am) your grandparents still living in that
house now?
Your friend: Not anymore. Actually, they are (living / lived /
live) in Canada now, but they always visit us in December. Look at them in
this picture. They (is / were / was) eating outdoors in their
backyard.
You: What were they (had, having, has) to eat? It looks good!
Your friend: I know. They love cooking, so now they (is / were / are)
taking some classes with a chef. Look at this recent picture.
Here they were (makes / make / making) some salad.
You: (Are / Were / Was) they coming over this Christmas?
Your friend: Yes, they are. By the way, (are / was / is) your
sister still visiting?
You: Yes, she is…
Your friend: (Are / Was / Is) n’t you having lunch with
her today?
You: Oh no! I totally forgot about it... I have to go. Bye!!
Language Through the Arts
Did you consider professional photography to be an art? What do you like taking pictures of?
actually. in fact or really
outdoors. outside
backyard. an area behind
a house, usually covered
with grass
come over. to visit a person
or place
by the way. also, in addition
Vocabulary
• then = in the past
• now = in the present
• is, am, are = the present
I am hungry (now.)
They are tired.
• was , were = the past
I was there last week.
We were at the beach
for Carnival.
Grammar Tip
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7
Comparing People
1. You and your sister are new in school. To know about your classmates,
look at these two kids’ ID cards. Take turns describing them with your
partner. Use as many adjectives as you can.
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Ana
Name:
15
Age:
Ecuadorian
Nationality:
Toni
Name:
13
Age:
Colombian
Nationality:
Ana
Name:
15
Age:
Ecuadorian
Nationality:
Toni
Name:
13
Age:
Colombian
Nationality:
2. Now, look at Ana’s and Toni’s IDs again and read the examples given
in the chart below. Can you make other comparisons between the two
kids? Write three more comparisons on the lines below.
Ana is taller than Toni.
Toni is more serious than Ana.
good-better bad-worse far-farther/further
You can use some adjectives + er + than to compare 2 people,
2 places, 2 animals, 2 things. Example:
You can add more + adjective + than to compare 2 people, 2 places,
2 animals, 2 things. Example:
Irregular adjectives:
•
•
•
3. In small groups, each student makes his/her own ID card, describes
him/herself to the group members, and then, taking turns, compares
two of the group members. You can use the descriptive adjectives learned
in the first reading of this lesson.
Oral Communication
How can I compare two people?
ID card. an identification card
with personal information
(name, date of birth, photo)
Vocabulary
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• Use is + adjective to describe
someone’s personality.
Maria is friendly.
• Use have/has to describe
some physical features.
Jose has short hair.
Grammar Tip
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8
Science
Life Events
1. Read the text below about life stages.

There have been lots of studies about adolescents, and the way they
handle this stage of life depends on different factors. To understand this
interesting stage, we can go through the cycle of life. Before we are born,
it is amazing how we grow inside our mothers for about forty weeks.
After we are born, the time goes by fast. Childhood is the time to discover
the world and learn many things. After that, we go through one of the
most challenging stages in life, our teenage years called “adolescence.”
Later, when we think we are mature and everything will be simpler,
we are sometimes more confused. Eventually we decide if we want
to have a family, to make money, to travel the world, to buy things.
If things go wrong, we get disappointed. Finally, we become elderly,
we are relaxed, but health problems usually start unless you have
a healthy life with a healthy diet and regular exercise.
2. What are common adjectives to describe people of these ages?
3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each age.
4. Let’s talk!! How difficult is it for you to be an adolescent? Tell your partner
about it.
What is the best age to be? What stage of life are you looking forward to?
adolescent. teenagers
from 13-19
stage. period of time
go through. to live
adolescence. the period of life
when a child develops into
an adult
elderly. old people
Vocabulary
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I express my opinion about things
that cause feelings with...
ing adjectives
boring, tiring, frustrating
Example: the game was exciting.
I can say how I feel with...
ed adjectives
bored, tired, frustrated
Example: I am excited
to go on vacation.
0-2
years
25
years old
8-12
years
45
years old
75
years old
Lesson B
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9
Teenage Life
1. One of your close friends has serious problems because he feels his life
is really complicated now. Think of some advice.
Grammar Tip
Remember to use ing adjectives to express your opinion about things
that cause feelings. For example: boring, thrilling. Use ed adjectives
to say how you feel. For example: tired, excited.
2. You are going to listen to a school advisor talking about “what it feels like
to be a teenager.”
3. Answer the following questions.
a. What kind of person might be giving the advice?
b. Does the speaker say that being a teen is complicated? Why or
why not?
4. Listen again and write how adolescents feel at this stage according
to the advisor.
5. Look at the pictures and match them with the adjectives given below.
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Oral Communication
What are some things that make it difficult to be an adolescent?
disappointed. sad or displeased
Vocabulary
excited
confused
disappointed
surprised
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10
From Graffiti to Creative Murals
1. You are arriving at your house and see a big picture of a beautiful lady
whose hair is made of your grandma’s plants. What would you think and
feel?
2. You are an expert at making murals. First, write a list of things you want
to include in your mural on the lines below. In the frame below, draw your
own mural.
3. Answer the questions to explain what message you are trying to convey
with the mural you made.
a. What is a mural to you?
b. What are three adjectives that could describe your mural?
c. Will people feel touched by your mural? If so, how?
Do you think graffiti is art? Why? Why not? Are there examples of artistic murals in your city?
"Muralism" Street Art
Something, exciting for some and shocking for others, is appearing
on streets worldwide. The typical graffiti has been replaced with
some sort of urban art called “muralism.” This is a way to pay tribute
to those who are artists, but have not had the chance to show their work
at galleries. These murals are pieces of art that make the walls attractive,
making streets nicer. They also permit people to express themselves.
sort of. kind of, type of
pay tribute. to honor.
Recognize
convey. to communicate.
Express
touched by. moved by. To feel
emotionally
Vocabulary
F
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Pixabay/ShonEjai-Tobias
Haase
Grammar Tip
Remember adjectives ending
in “ing” (exciting, impacting,
amazing, interesting, scaring)
are used to say what you think
about things that cause feelings,
and adjectives ending in “ed”
(excited, impacted, amazed,
interested, scared) are used
to say how you feel.
Art
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11
Different Types of Homes
Many people like the idea of living in an RV or trailer. While some trailers
and RVs are simple, others are expensive and very nice.
1. Listen to Annie, an American girl who wants to live alone, talking about
how people around the world live. Help her to decide what to do.
2. Reply to Annie’s blog giving your opinion and advice.
3. Listen again and complete.
Write examples of different kinds of houses:
Write examples of features in trailers, houses, hotels, etc:
Oral Communication
Describe what it might be like to live in an RV or trailer?
RV. recreational vehicle that
you can drive, but also can
cook and sleep inside of
trailer. a place to cook and
sleep that is on wheels and
pulled behind a car
feature. charactetristic.
A nice part of something
Vocabulary
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12
Homes Around the world
1. Imagine that you won a house in a lottery, but you have to choose from
one of the two houses to the left. Discuss with your partner which one
you choose and why.
2. Read the passage. Pay attention to the materials used.
It is surprising to learn how people live. The United States has
houses made of wood or bricks. However, people around the world
live in houses made of grass, dirt, and cloth. Some people still make
their houses with straw. Some Peruvians build their houses of reeds.
Not only that, they also live on islands that are made of reeds, a plant
found in nature. In Andalucia, in the south of Spain, some people live
in underground houses called cuevas. During the winter, these houses
stay warm. In the Philippines, some people still live in tree houses made
of bamboo with grass roofs. China has many houses that are made
of hard soil. Dirt becomes as strong as brick when it is packed hard.
The Dayak people of Indonesia build some of their houses on stilts,
several feet above the ground. The frame of the house is made of steel.
The walls are made of tree bark and the floors are made of wood. People
build their houses according to their needs, weather, and available
building materials. All houses are different, but one thing is certain:
wherever you go, there’s no place like home!
3. Write T by the true statements and F by the false ones. If they are false,
rewrite the sentence with changes to make it true.
a. Most Americans are used to houses made of grass, dirt, or cloth.
b. Houses called “cuevas” in the south of Spain stay warm in the winter.
c. In the Philippines, some people still live in grass houses.
d. China has houses made of dirt which become as strong as bricks
with time.
e. According to the conclusion of the reading, nothing compares to our
own home.
Reading
What different materials can be used to build a house?
wood. material from trees
brick. a small rectangular
block used in building
straw. material to make
the famous “toquilla hats”
reed. a tall, thin grass-like
plant
stilt. long stick that supports
something
frame. the basic structure
of a building
Vocabulary
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StockSnap/Pixabay
Social Studies
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13
Language and Literature
Writing
What different types of homes are built in different parts of Ecuador?
Homes Around the World
1. Complete the paragraph by using the words below. Then compare with
a partner to see if your answers make sense.
2. Write a similar paragraph to the one above, describing your ideal home.
Use your imagination to create an ideal home.
Home sweet home! If you are reading this, it is because you
were about how it would be to live alone. At some
point, we all have felt how necessary and important our house is.
In fact, many who travel for work or studies away from home get
homesick because they have to live far from home. It is
to see how we humans miss our home, how we get
being far. Of course it depends on culture. For Americans, for
example, leaving home at age 18 is normal and . They
dream of living by themselves as young adults. It is said living alone
is , it is much more difficult than living with parents or
an adult. In the end, we all want to have our own home and eventually
this reality.
Introduction
Detail 1
Detail 2
Detail 3
Conclusion
in fact. really, as a matter
of fact
homesick. experiencing a
longing for one’s home during
a period of absence from it
Vocabulary
the best
exciting thinking
becomes
interesting
depressed
Freepik
Grammar Tip
Don’t forget to write complete
sentences!
Subject + verb(s) + complement.
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14
Assessment
Grammar - Vocabulary
Writing
Listening
Complete the following story with words from
the chart.
Verbs • was • living
Nouns • features • trailer
Ing Adjectives
things
• exciting • boring
Ed Adjectives
feelings
• disappointed • tired
Descriptive
Adjectives
• small • big
My friend Isabella was in
a for three years. That was
when she six years old. The
experience was , but a little
difficult. She was about the
room she had for her and
the limited of the trailer. For
example, she was of playing
inside and not having a
garden to play outside. She did not have
a lot to do, so it was really
sometimes.
Write a short description of your life as a teenager
using the words from the chart above.
1
2
Speaking
Imagine you are living in a small trailer and your
friend in a very comfortable and big house. Compare
homes by describing to each other what amenities
you have and what you do not have.
5
4
Reading
Read the following text and answer the questions
in complete sentences. You may rewrite part
of the question to include in your answer.
Juan is twelve years old. He’s from Peru.
His hair is short and black. He has a cat
and two dogs. Juan lives in a small house
made of bricks and tiles with his mother
and grandmother. They have all the basic
services except that sometimes there is no
water. That’s a real problem when they need
to cook, clean or take a shower. However,
for Juan there is no better place than home.
a. Where is Juan from?
b. Describe what Juan looks like?
c. What is Juan’s house like?
d. What basic services do Juan and his family not
have?

3
You are listening to a couple of friends having
a conversation. Decide if the statements are True(T)
or False(F).
a. Mary is talking with Louis about
their families.
b. Louis was doing homework last night.
c. Mary is working on a school
project now.
d. The two kids are playing.
Introduction
Body (reason 1)
Body (reason 2)
Body (reason 3)
Conclusion
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Assessment Who are you?
Writing
Reading
Write a Descriptive Paragraph about your family and
you in 30-40 words. Be as descriptive as possible.
a. mischievous.
b. takes care of his
school things.
c. restless.
d. his family a lot.
Read the following paragraph and answer the
questions below.
Ecuador is a very diverse country; it has
many nice places and people that are all
different. We have a great variety of food
depending on the region. Ecuador has four
important regions: the Galapagos Islands,
the coast, the highlands and the Amazon.
The coast and the Amazon are similar, but
the highlands region, where I live, is special
because we have different weather, animals and
languages. Ecuador is a good place to visit and
to live, so if you want to come, feel welcome.
Remember: “All you need is Ecuador.” This is
our slogan for foreigners.
a. According to the text, why is Ecuador
a diverse country?

b. Where does the author of the text live?
c. Why does the author think the highlands region
is special?
d. What is the slogan used to promote Ecuador in
other countries?
1
Listening
Listen to John’s situation and place the letter in the
circle next to the correct answer.
John is still John was
Now, he He loves
3
2
Speaking
Look at the two pictures. Give a short description
and compare them using adjectives.
4
Complete the text using the words below.
5
I’m Carlos and I’m fourteen. Teenagers are
very about their lives
sometimes. But I have my mom who helps
me feel better about mine. She is a very
and friendly woman. I love
to talk to her. Yesterday, I reading
a book when she arrived and then we had
a nice long conversation. Now my mom
talking to my 16-year-old
sister. We are very lucky to have her!
was is confused kind
Pixabay
/
ShonEjai
I check the box that most applies to me
Topics
I do it very
well
I do it
somewhat well
I can
improve
I can’t do it
without help
I can read and understand about teens’ feelings.
I can listen and understand about homes around the world.
I can talk about myself, others and compare.
I can write descriptions of people.
Self-evaluation
Pixabay
/
Malkmus
I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.
Introduction
Detail 1
Detail 2
Conclusion
15
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Project 1
16
People’s Generations
There is a contest about People’s Generations in your school and you want
to be the winner. Follow these steps:
1. You will investigate three generations: Generation Z, Millennials, and
Generation X. Ask people who live with you such as your parents,
relatives and your own friends. Also ask neighbors and people at school
from different generations.
2. Use the following table to gather information.
3. Once you have the information, make a collage using real pictures
or related images from the interviewed people and present it to your
class. Remember to make comparisons among them. You may add
statements below the collage to compare generations.
AKA. also known as
vivid. clear images
fact. something that is true
collage. a group of pictures
placed together to represent
a theme or idea
Vocabulary
Tip
Remember the use
of comparatives, vivid adjectives
and other words to describe
profiles as well as countries
and nationalities.
Generation Age
Interests
& Hobbies
Nickname Special facts
1980–1996
AKA: Generation Y
Echo Boomers
Boomerang Generation
MILLENIALS
1997–2015
AKA: iGeneration (iGen)
Post-Millenials
Homeland Generation
Z
GENERATION
1965–1979
AKA: Latch-key kids
MTV Generation
13th Generation
X
GENERATION
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Let’s review!
17
Vocabulary
Write the opposite of these descriptive adjectives.
1
Write the nationalities of the people that were born
in these countries.
2
3 Write examples of adjectives + ED. Express how
you feel sometimes using some of those words.
4
Write examples of adjectives+ING. Use some
of those words to answer what makes you feel
that way.
5 Make an ID card with your personal information
(name, age, nationality, nickname) and draw your
picture.
6 Write examples of some house amenities that some
houses have.
7
Write adjectives describing types of houses
(construction materials)
a. What is Ricky doing now?
b. What was Ricky’s mother doing when the baby
came home?
c. How old is Ricky’s little brother now?
d. Why was Ricky’s father calling everybody?
WH-word
(what,
where,
when,
who,
how…)
Is
Are
she
he
it
you
we
they
(object) ?
Present and Past Continuous questions
9 Using the chart below write 2 questions asking
a person about his/her present and past:
WH-word
(what,
where,
when,
who,
how…)
Are
Is
I
you
we
they
she
he
it
Verb
+
ING
(object) ?
WH-word
(what,
where,
when,
who,
how…)
Was
Were
she
he
it
you
we
they
Verb
+
ING
(object) ?
Reading
10 Underline the present events in red and past events
in blue, then answer the questions
in your notebook.
WH-word
(what,
where,
when,
who,
how…)
Do
Does
I
you
we
they
she
he
it
Verb (object) ?
Present Simple questions
8 Using the chart below write 2 questions asking
a person about his/her life in your notebook.
Grammar
Hello! I’m Ricky and today it’s my
thirteenth birthday. Right now I am writing
about myself for a school project. I have
to talk about a memory from my past and
my present life. When I was 5 years old,
my family was having a difficult time,
but my baby brother was born and that
made us all happy. I remember the day
he came home. We were all having
lunch and my little brother was sleeping.
My dad was calling everybody to tell them
the news and my mom was organizing the
baby’s clothes. Now everything is different.
My brother is playing video games and
my parents are working.
big
short
fat
old
quiet
happy
funny
good
The U.S.A.
England
Argentina
Spain
Mexico
Ecuador
Do it in your notebook
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Lesson C
Teens on the Web
Which web pages do you visit regularly? How often? For how much time?
1. Look at the pictures below. Describe some of the details you see in each
picture.
www
2. Answer the following questions.
a. What do the pictures above have in common?
b. Describe any blogs that you have visited.
c. What do you think should be included on a school website?
3. Match each letter with the corresponding picture: A. whole body picture;
B. personal information; C. ID picture; D. your house picture. Discuss
which ones do you think should be on a person’s website profile? Which
should not? Why not?
Freepik
P
i
x
a
b
a
y
deal with. to manage, handle,
to be concerned with
face. to confront. Accept
shooting. to fire a gun
blog. a website written in an
informal or conversational
style
website. a specific address
on the internet with specific
information about something
Vocabulary
Pixabay
Pixabay
Freepik
Pixabay
Value: Internet safety
• Teens use the internet to try to deal with the anxiety they feel.
• It is very possible that our teens will have to face a harder economic
situation than the one we have now.
• There is a teenager who created a movement against violence, after
a shooting occurred at a high school in Florida, U.S.A. where lots
of students died. Her blog is very famous now.
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Avatars
1. Do you know what an avatar is? Discuss your ideas with a partner.
2. Check ( ) the pictures that represent an avatar.
3. Listen to someone talking about their experience with avatars and some
descriptions of their avatar friends.
4. Challenge! Listen again and try to complete the chart/table under the
pictures.
ZACK JOSUE ALI
Zack Josue Ali
Nickname
Country
Avatar’s
content.
Descriptive
characteristics.
Personality
and physical
appearance
5. Pair work. Discuss with a partner: Which avatar is the most interesting?
Explain why.
Oral Communication
Are avatars real?
avatar. animated figure
representing a person
especially on video games
chart/table. rows and columns
of organized information
shy. timid, quiet, introverted
shield. piece of hard material
to protect yourself
Vocabulary
Freepik
Freepik
Grammar Tip
Remember we use from for
countries and no preposition
with nationalities. i.e. She’s
from Chile = She’s Chilean.
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20
School Websites
1. You are an excellent designer so the school principal gives you the task
of making a website for your school. Choose the pictures you will include
on it.
logo dog
students teacher information medicine
2. Read the following paragraph.
My School’s Website
One of my favorite websites is my school’s website. I like it because
you can easily navigate and find many photographs and the most
important information about our school.
First, you see the homepage with the school logo and some
links. There you can watch videos of the school events; for example,
the school fest, Christmas or Carnival celebrations and sports
competitions. The best of our school website is the gallery with lots
of pictures of the school’s cheerleaders, the different club members,
former students, etc. In addition, with just a click you can see the
different sections of the school: elementary school, junior high, and
high school. Another interesting feature is that you can read and learn
the lyrics of the school anthem. You can also change it into different
languages like Spanish, German or English. One of the disadvantages
is that some tabs are not ready yet. Another downside is that there is
a lot of advertising on this website, but you can pretend not to see it.
To conclude, I think that my school has an excellent website.
You should check it out!
3. Let’s play! Complete the following text with the words below and discover
the secret word by using the first letter of each.
Reading
Which school websites have you visited besides your school’s website? Describe what school websites include.
homepage. the first (usually
general) information you see
when a website is opened
logo. symbol that represents
something, like a company
or team
link. a connection on the web
that takes you to another
website
former. previous. Before. Earlier
anthem. hymn. An important
song for a country or school
Vocabulary
In your notebook, answer
the following questions.
• What information can you
find on the website of the
school mentioned in the
reading? Give at least
3 examples.
• Who can you see in the
pictures on the right?
• Does the website have
the option to change
languages? Which?
• Do you know if your school
has a website? (Find out
if you don’t know)
What can you see there?
you navigate in a website, the first thing you see is
the homepage with the title, which usually moves or has bright colors.
For , if you see the FIFA website, you will surely be
captivated by the gold it shows.
Grammar Tip
Connectors Use
First to start a
paragraph
In addition to add
information
Also to include
additional ideas
To
conclude
to close and
finish the
paragraph
Ball When Example
Secret
Word
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21
Making a Web Profile
A teacher asks you to make your own web profile, but you are not sure
what it is. Follow the instructions below to learn about how to make your
own web profile.
1. Look at these two examples of descriptive paragraphs and choose
the one that is written correctly.
Paragraph 1
A web profile is good and you need to show something about
yourself.
It needs to have some nice information about who you are and
maybe your likes and dislikes.
And you can use all the information you want. You can show
youroriginality.Thereisnoproblemwithit.Youcanmakefriends
and play online. My brother has one, but I don’t.
Paragraph 2
Creating your own web profile is not a difficult task and
it can make you very popular.
Anyone can have a web profile and they are easy to make.
It must have a clear and nice presentation. It can be simple and
dull or sophisticated and interactive. It can connect to other media
applications and interesting and fun sites.
If you want to have many followers online, make your web
profile and update it every day with attractive ideas or even
pictures. It is a piece of cake!
2. Write your own paragraph about any website that you often visit.
There are words to help you.
What information about a person should be included in a web profile?
maybe. possibly
anyone. any person
clear. easy to understand
dull. boring. Not exciting
follower. participant. Someone
that visits a website frequently
even. inclusive
It is a piece of cake!. it is really
simple!
Vocabulary
Writing
Introduction
Body (reason 1)
Body (reason 2)
Body (reason 3)
Conclusion
First,
In addition,
Also,
To finish,
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22
Value: Education for change
Our Artists!
Your friend is showing you her family photo album. There are some pictures
from the past and the present.
1. Your friend is showing you a copy of the new album from your favorite
artist that he bought from a street vendor. Tell your friend how not buying
original material can affect our singers or international singers.
2. Read the following paragraphs and underline 5 superlative forms.
Music is one of the most entertaining hobbies in our lives.
But we never think of who is behind the music we like to listen to.
If we look at singers around the world, many have big fortunes
because they have different forms to get money. For example,
they have the benefit of studios for their recordings. They also have
the most professional staff. In countries like Ecuador, the situation
is difficult because national artists don’t receive much outside
support. They work with their own money. For many, the most
difficult aspect is gaining acceptance and popularity. They invest
a lot to get a hit and when they perform in concert, people don’t go
because they prefer to listen to international singers.
We have to support our artists by buying their original CDs,
t-shirts, posters, and going to their concerts.
Superlative forms
One-Syllable
adjectives
Two-Syllable
adjectives
(except if ending in Y)
IRREGULAR
adjectives
The+adj+EST the+MOST+adj NO RULE
tall-the tallest
beautiful- the most
beautiful
good-the best
bad-the worst
short-the shortest
handsome-the most
handsome
far- the farthest/furthest
I’m the shortest in the
family.
My mom’s the most
beautiful woman in the
world.
You are the best student
at school.
3. Complete the following sentences by using the correct superlative form
of the adjectives in cyan.
a. Babies are nice. A baby is the person in this world.
b. My dad is good. He is the worldwide.
c. Canada is really cold. It is the country of North America.
d. That is a big hamburger. It is the in this restaurant.
e. My family is really important to me. They are the
in my whole life.
Who is your favorite artist or musical group? What do you like about them?
source. where things come
from
compensation. payment
for work done
support. money and products
to help someone
invest. to spend money and
hope to earn more money
hit. a successful song
or movie
Vocabulary
...nowadays, many artists don’t
have any benefit from their
creations. In Ecuador, as in
some other countries, there is
a society that tries to protect
them. It is called SAYCE.
However, Ecuadorian artists
say it is not enough.
The moment we get music,
pictures and any other art
expressions from the internet
or any other free source, we
cause artists great damage.
It affects them because they
work very hard and don’t
receive any compensation
from their job.
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23
Profiles
1. Listen to a radio program about some of the dangers on the internet
for teenagers.
2. Now, look at the pictures and check () the ones that were mentioned
in the listening.
3. Write two things teenagers can do to stay safe on the internet, and two
they must not do according to the listening.
4. Pair work. With a partner: Discuss why the things mentioned
are dangerous.
Oral Communication
What information should be included in an online profile? What information should not be included?
overcome. to feel better after
a difficult situation
keep in mind. to remember.
Consider. Think about
Vocabulary
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Tip
When you listen, take some
notes on the important facts
and important words!
Freepik
1.

2.

1.

2.

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24
Talking About Myself
Value: Social-emotional abilities
Some of us do not like to talk about ourselves. However, thirty
to forty percent of people worldwide love talking about themselves.
It is considered a need just like the good sensation you feel when you
eat after being so hungry. That is a sensation that your brain feels when
you talk about yourself!! So, if you don’t usually talk about yourself, start
doing so. It can give your body a good sensation.
1. Tell your friend a couple of things you like about your personality and two
that you don’t like. You can use these words or others. Share examples
of what makes you feel these emotions.
happy angry
distracted
sad
surprised disgusted
2. Go around the class. Complete the first word of the questions in the chart
below with the correct auxiliary. When you finish, ask the questions
to two different students. Make sure their answers are in complete
sentences.
Question Student 1 Student 2
...you like to talk about
yourself? What things do
you say?
...your best friend like to
listen to you? What is your
friend’s name?
… you feel good when you
talk about yourself?
… your mom (or dad) talk to
you about school
or friends?
3. Let’s compare our answers. You can start like this:
My classmate Juan says he talks about himself all the time. His best friend
doesn’t like...
How can I describe my personality?
however. use however to start
a sentence with a different idea
from the sentence before it
need. requirement, necessity.
Something that you want
to happen
brain. part of your body
that permits you to think
Vocabulary
Lesson D
Grammar Tip
For yes/no questions, remember
to use do or does to start your
questions.
do I-you-we-they ----?
does she-he-it ----?
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25
This Is Me!
Talking about yourself sounds simple, but it can be very complicated
sometimes.
1. Listen to Amy, an adolescent who gives you tips on how to talk about
yourself and sound attractive.
2. What does “DISH” mean according to Amy? Complete the lines next to
the initial letters to make words.
D
I
S
H
3. Answer the following questions based on the listening.
a. What was the simplest thing for Amy when she was a child?
b. Is this girl more talkative now than in the past? Support your answer.
c. If you follow her advice, what will be simpler?
d. Who do you know that is talkative?
e. What is not simple in you life right now?
Oral Communication
What do other people think of me when I talk about myself? Am I interesting, boring, friendly?
outgoing. open, friendly
simple. easy, not complicated
talkative. wanting to talk a lot
Vocabulary
Hi, I’m Amy.
Freepik
Grammar Tip
Remember to use adjective+er
or more+adjective when
comparing two people,
animals, places, things
and use adjective+est or
the most+adjective when
comparing three or more.
Bigger than...taller than....more
interesting than... the biggest.....
the tallest....the most interesting
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Motivation
1. You are an excellent motivator at “TEDX talks,” which are seminars or
lectures. Your personality tests always say that you are good at cheering
people up. Today you are giving advice about motivation for teens like
you. What can you say to motivate teenagers? Discuss with a partner.
2. Read the passage.
Every day, most of us complain that our life is difficult, that nobody
loves us, that we have lots of homework, that teachers don’t understand
us, that our parents bother us so much…
We don’t think that beyond all that, there are millions of teens who
don’t have food, shelter, a school, friends, or even parents. It must be
terrible! Don’t you think so? Some of those kids are teens, just like you.
Many of them never complain about their difficulties because they see
life differently. They become life motivators and have great messages
to transmit. The most amazing aspect is that these adolescents have
no parents, some are adopted, others were once homeless, or they are
disabled. They have really tough lives and they continue living and
smiling. They want the world to know that they are special, as every
teen is, and that it is possible to live a happy life.
Don’t you ever give up, enjoy each moment with your family and
friends. When you feel down, remember that there is always a person
that has a harder life than you.
3. Write the letter that best connects the following sentences.
a. Most adolescents enjoy every minute of our life.
b. There are teens who never complain.
c. Motivators are adolescents with tough problems.
d. We should complain about everything.
4. Draw or paste an image
of yourself giving a talk
to motivate teens in your
school. Write two ideas
that would motivate teens.
5. Show your partner the
picture and tell him/her
two ideas that you would
say in that talk.
Reading
What are some things that motivate you?
complain. to protest. Speak
in a negative way
beyond. outside limits
shelter. a place to live for
a short time
homeless. without home
disabled. incapacitated.
A physical limitation
give up. to abandon. Stop
trying
feel down. sad. Depressed
Vocabulary
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Homes Around the World
You are a text editor and you need to check the following parts of a student’s
descriptive paragraph.
1. Read the following parts of a paragraph and match them with the
corresponding words on the right.
2. Now, write your own paragraph about yourself. You can use the words
in the boxes below.
I am … extrovert/introvert happy/sad
tall/short
for example I like/dislike to finish
How are homes different in the regions of Ecuador?
believe. to think and have
an opinion about something
mixture. combination
both. two of something
Vocabulary
Freepik
Who am I? I am an extrovert. I like
going out with friends. I read books on
my free time. My friends say I am a nerd
because books are my best friends, but
I am not. I am a person who enjoys all the
things from life.
I believe that every person needs
to have a social and personal life and that is
exactly what I do.
In conclusion, I can say I am a mixture
or both worlds, the introvert and extrovert.
I adapt myself to the situation.
Conclusion
Body
(reasons)
Introduction
I am
I like
To finish
Introduction
Detail 1
Detail 2
Conclusion
Writing
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Beyond Street Art
1. Look at the image to the left. What is it? What does it represent? What
do you think the artist is trying to communicate with this image? Discuss
with a partner.
2. You want to make sure your friend understands this text. After you read
it, make questions that will answer the information below. Use the chart
to help you with the correct structure.
J.R., Kikito is a 34 year-old French photographer and street artist. He
is recognized for his outdoor work. People can see his talent especially
in areas with economic and social difficulties. For example, in 2008 he
painted the eyes of local women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in an old fabela,
which is a dangerous and poor neighborhood.
In La Habana, Cuba, there is a beautiful painting of some elderly
men from the Cuban revolution times. His latest famous piece of art is
of a Mexican child looking at the American side of the border fence built
to separate The United States and Mexico.
Grammar Tip
WH-word
(what, where, when,
who, how…)
Do
Does
I – you
we – they
she – he – it
Verb
in
Base
Form
(complement) ?
WH-word
(what, where, when,
who, how…)
Is
Are
she – he – it
you – we –
they
No
Verb
(complement) ?
3. Write a WH-question for each answer.
a. ?
He is a photographer and street artist.
b. ?
He is French.
c. ?
He is 24 years old.
d. ?
The representation of a Mexican child is in the border of Mexico
and the U.S.A.
What are some examples of public art where you live?
image. a picture or painting
of something
local. a person who lives
in a particular area that
you are talking about
neighborhood. a specific area
of a city
elderly. people more than
65 years old
border fence. a structure that
divides two areas, the limits
between two countries
built. past of build = construct
Vocabulary
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Oral Communication
What are some of the most beautiful cities in your country? In other parts of the world?
Describing Cities
1. Your family wants to move to a new city, but they do not know where.
You decide to research a few cities to help your family decide from the
three cities in the pictures below. Describe each city using the adjectives
from the box.
clean quiet noisy
dirty small
ugly cold
warm
big
calm populated nice
Freepik
1 2 3
a. The first city looks
and .
b. The second is
and .
c. The third seems
and .
2. Now complete the following questions using superlative forms of
the adjectives in parenthesis and then answer them. Write complete
sentences.
a. Which city looks ? (calm)
b. Which city looks ? (populated)
c. Which is ? (nice)
d. Which seems to be ? (warm)
move. go to a different place
to live with all of your clothes
and furniture
a few. a small number
of something
looks. appears to be. Example:
That car looks expensive
seems. appear to be
populated. an area where
people live
warm. temperature that
is almost hot
Vocabulary
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30
Assessment
1
Use the adjectives in parentheses to complete
the spaces. Use superlative forms. Don’t forget to
use “the” before superlative adjectives.
a. An Ecuadorian artist doesn’t have
equipment for productions.
(good)
b. Starvation is problem
a person can face. (bad)
c. That is hamburger in this
place. (big)
d. The Nile is river
worldwide. (long)
e. Ms. Universe is woman on
Earth. (beautiful)
Writing
2 Time to make your profile for the web. Remember
to use a descriptive paragraph. Look at the examples
on page 21 to help you. (40-50 words).
Reading
3 Read the following text and answer in complete
sentences the four questions below.

Websites are very popular at the present
time. They usually have interesting facts that
attract our attention; however, they can also
be addictive.
In addition, social networks can be the most
dangerous of all the web contents since many
people do not think about its dangers. Experts
say web profiles are more dangerous than
written profiles. You have to be careful because
you never know who is reading at the other side
of the screen.
To conclude, we should use these
technological tools to help ourselves and not to
expose ourselves to danger.
a. What kind of interesting information do
websites have?
b. Should more people worry about the dangers
of the internet?
c. What is the most dangerous of all the web
content?
d. What do experts say?
Listening
4
Listen to a couple of teens talking about their
profiles. Write True(T) or False(F).
e. Jessy is showing a message
to her friend.
f. Joe knows the guy on the web.
g. Jessy is blocking the guy now.
h. The two teens are exposed to the guy.
Speaking
5 Choose a place you like best in Ecuador. Make a
description of it in detail. What can you see and do
there? Your friends have to guess what place it is.
Introduction
Detail 1
Detail 2
Detail 3
Conclusion
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Assessment Who are you?
1
Complete the chart below with the words you
learned in the lessons and then make three complete
sentences in the lines using those words:

Countries Nationalities
Descriptive
Adjective
Cuba
populated
Brazilian
•
•
•
Writing
2 Now,writeashortdescriptionofyourneighborhood.
Include the name of your neighborhood, location
in the city, what you like , what it needs.
Introduction
Body (reason 1)
Body (reason 2)
Body (reason 3)
Conclusion
Reading
3
Read the following text and answer the four
questions below in complete sentences.
My hometown is very small, so it is not very
populated. There are less than 100.000 people
living in it. The most interesting activities are
the sports contests and the music festivals. People
are very friendly and talkative. However, there
is a drawback. Not all houses have the necessary
amenities like warm water to shower or even
electricity. Anyway, we love our city and we have
a great time with our friends and family there.
a. What is the writer’s hometown like?
b. How many people live in the town?
c. What are people in that town like?
d. Name a negative aspect of the town.
Listening
4 You are listening to a woman speaking about her
personality. Decide which statements are True(T)
or False(F).
a. Lola talks with both her mother
and her friends.
b. Teachers allow Lola to explain
the school projects they send.
c. Lola makes videos of herself dancing.
d. Lola prefers not to show her videos
to her best friend.
Speaking
5 A tourist arrives to your city and he wants to know
what it is like. Describe your city to him using
words you learned in these lessons. It is.....it has.....
Topics
I do it very
well
I do it
somewhat well
I can
improve
I can’t do it
without help
I can read and understand about teens’ motivation.
I can listen and understand about homes around the world.
I can talk about myself, others and compare.
I can write about people’s descriptions.
Self-evaluation
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Project 2
Make Your Web Avatar
You love video games and your teacher tells you to create your avatar for it.
picture. photo or image taken
with a camera
cardboard. a hard piece
of paper
frame. something that goes
around a picture or window
Vocabulary
Tip
You know how to make
descriptive paragraphs,
so write a great one about your
avatar. It has to be the most
incredible and the most amazing
you’ve seen.
•
Write down examples of why your avatar looks like it does.....what does it
have....what do the things represent....
•
Write 5 adjectives you will use to describe your avatar.
• Using your ideas from above, in your notebook, write a paragraph with
complete sentences that describes what your avatar looks like, what is
has, what it represents, etc.
1 Get your best picture and based on it,
create the best Avatar ever!
Use an A3 cardboard or any hard
material and make an excellent frame.
2
Draw your avatar, and on the side, make
a square that contains at least 5 adjectives
that describe your super avatar.
3
Good luck!!!
Present it to the class, be as descriptive
as possible by using your 5 adjectives.
4
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Eighth Grade EGB
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
Values
1
English
Pedagogical Module 2
Big Cities
Big cities around the world are usually very
crowded and busy. Most of them are facing similar
problems nowadays. For instance, there is a lot of
noise, delinquency, garbage, pollution, and so much
traffic. In Quito, the authorities at City Hall are
taking action to help solve the problem. They are
not allowing people with cars to drive for a specific
day each week. This new law is called “hoy no circula.”
The day is chosen according to the last number
of the car's license plate. This law reduces the number
of cars circulating in the city during rush hour.
What do you think of this law?
The
Cool City
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
t
u
d
i
e
s
A
r
t
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
a
n
d
L
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Environmental
care
10 Intercultural
diversity
9 Traffic education
8
What are some advantages
of living in a city?
Freepik
/
Pixabay
Consider some of the problems that big cities have. Make
a list of advantages and disadvantages of living in the
place where you live. Compare the ideas with a partner.
Traditional songs,
music and instruments
6
Community and
neighborhood life
5
Past simple
and continuous 1
Modals: have
to and must 2
Possessive adjectives:
my, your, his, etc. 4
Future: going to
and present continuous 3
Tales and
legends
7
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts
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2
Lesson A
Living in the Countryside
How many places have you visited in the countryside, outside of the city?
1. Look at the pictures and think of at least two advantages and two
disadvantages of “Living in the Countryside.” Compare your answers
with a partner.
Freepik
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Jerzy
Andrzej
Kucia
2. Challenge! Complete the chart below by writing two examples
of a small city or a town in the countryside that you know about. Also,
write a characteristic that makes the place special. There is an example
to help you.
Characteristic
It has the best “cholas.” A kind
of bread that looks like “allullas”
but sweet.
Place
Guano in Chimborazo
3. Now write three sentences comparing a big city with a small town
in the countryside. You can go over Module 1 to remember the correct use
of comparatives such as busier, quieter, more crowded, etc.
richness. abundance
still. continuing, up to
the present, up to a moment
countryside. rural area
Vocabulary
• Ecuador has most of its cultural richness in its countryside.
• There are still some tribes that don’t have any kind of human
contact in Ecuador’s Amazon region and some of them do not even
wear clothes as we know clothes. They do wear clothes made from
materials in nature such as ropes and leaves, but not like we see
in the city every day.
• Quichua is a language that some students in the countryside learn
at schools.
• Ecuador has protected areas and they are in Ecuador’s countryside.
Tip
You can ask your partner’s
opinion by saying:
What do you think (of…)?
Or what’s your opinion/
point of view (about…)?
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3
Pros and Cons of Living in the Countryside
1. Your cousin from a big city wants to know about your town which is in
the countryside. Look at the pictures and write P for Pros (advantages)
and C for Cons (disadvantages) of living in the countryside. Compare
your answers with a partner.

2. Listen to the conversation between Jan from Quito and Kevin from Pintag.
Complete the dialogues by using the words in the box.
sick are air
town
pollution
Jan: Hey, Kevin. How you doing?
Kevin: I am OK, and you? You look pale.
Jan: Yes, I'm . You know the weather changes
so quickly, and there is lots of pollution near my house. So, my doctor said
all those things cause allergies, and that is what I have now.
Kevin: I'm so sorry to hear that. I, on the other hand, feel very good.
I can breathe fresh , the food we eat is what
my grandparents cultivate so its organic and doesn’t have any chemicals.
Another advantage is that in my home town, there are not too many cars
so there is very little .
Jan: You are right! Your lifestyle is healthier, but I really like living
in Quito. There is a lot of public transportation, a lot of malls, cinemas
and even hospitals.
Kevin: Well to each his own. I don’t want to change my beautiful
for any place else.
3. Listen to a conversation between a father and son. In your notebook,
write down the advantages of living in the country and the advantages
of living in the city.
4. Listen to the conversation again. Write down any disadvantages you hear
about living in the country and/or the city.
Oral Communication
What is it like living in the countryside? Would you like to live in the country?
pale. skin with very little color,
sickly
weather. climate
pollution. dirty (air, land,
water)
breathe. to take air in
to each his own. each one can
choose what they prefer
Vocabulary
Pixaba
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Quinn
Kampschroer
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Poswiecie
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4
Stories from the Country
1. Do you remember some stories you heard as a child? I bet you do! Look at
the pictures and tell your teacher if they remind you of a story.
2. Read the following blog post about a teen who tells us an interesting story.
Hi! I am Rosy. I lived in the country as a child. It was an excellent time
of my life. I remember one day, I was going to the river because it was
my favorite place to take a shower and refresh myself. As I was walking,
I saw a little girl. She was very beautiful with her long black hair.
She was crying. I immediately ran up to her, and as I was getting closer,
she stood up and ran away. I ran faster to catch up with her. When
Ifinallygotclosetoher,sheturnedandIcouldseeherfacewasfullofscars.
I screamed like crazy and returned to my house. I told the story to my
mom and she told me that happened to girls like me who didn’t listen
to their mothers. My mommy always told me not to go to the river alone,
but I never paid attention. It was my favorite place and I had lots of fun
there.However,Ilearnedthelesson.Sokids,alwayslistentoyourmother!!
I really don’t know how, but they always know what is best for us.
3. Now answer the questions from the story about Rosy.
a. Explain why you liked or didn't like the story.
b. Have you heard about a similar story in your childhood?
c. What were you thinking about as you were reading the passage?
d. What’s the lesson learned with this story?
4. Complete the chart with information from the reading. When you finish
compare your answers with your partners by making small groups.
Story characters Events
lived in the countryside.
Rosy’s mother
was crying.
At the end, Rosy
Reading
What stories can you remember that take place in the country?
run up to. to approach
by running
as. while, meanwhile, during
catch up with. to reach
the same position
scars. marks on the skin
caused by an injury or cut
mommy. mom
Vocabulary
Tip
Before you search for new
words, read all the text quickly
to get a general idea of
the meaning.
Then, the second time, read
more carefully and underline
words you don't know.
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5
Daily Activities in the Country
1. Your friend who lives on a ranch is telling you her morning routine.
Look at the sequence of pictures and describe what the girl was doing
before school.
05:00 06:00
05:25 07:00
2. Write numbers 1-6 in the circles next to the sentences to make a logical
sequence of the activities your friend did this morning.
• Then she fed the chickens.
• And in the end she gave the horse water.
• Today while I was sleeping, Louise was doing activities in her ranch.
• She wakes up very early every morning.
• For example she milked the cows.
• This is my friend Louise.
3. Challenge! Now it is your turn to tell your friend what your morning
routine was. First write a sequence of activities you did this morning
before coming to school and then share your ideas. Use the sequence
connectors from the writing tip above.
1
2
3
4
5
4. Exchange books with a partner and read his/her routine to contrast
it with yours.
5. Complete the sentences with the appropriate verb forms in parenthesis.
a. My friend the cows while I was sleeping. (milk)
b. She very early this morning. (wake up).
c. My mom when I arrived. (cook).
d. My friend to the beach yesterday. (travel)
What time do you get out of bed to start your day?
routine. something done
frequently at the same time
fed. past of the verb feed.
To give food to animals
ranch. a farm
milk. the job of getting milk
from animals
Vocabulary
Writing
Freepik
Grammar Tip
To express the sequence
of events you can use
connectors like:
• First, First of all, At first…
• Second, Then, After, Later
(on), Third, Right after (that),
Sometime later…
• In the end, Eventually, Finally,
At last…
Simple past
vs
Pastprogressive
describes finished
actions in the past.
describes past
actions in progress
during
a period of time.
Structure:
Subject + verb
in the past +
complement.
Structure:
Subject + was/
were + ing verb +
complement.
Examples:
- Before school,
I watched TV this
morning.
- My friend helped
her mother and
after she went to
school.
Examples:
- I was watching
TV when you
called me last
night.
- Louise was
working in her
ranch while
I was sleeping.
It uses regular
verbs (watch-
watched, help-
helped) or irregular
verbs (go-went,
drive-drove).
When combined
with simple past,
it uses connectors
like: as, while,
when
Remember
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Short Songs to Attract Someone
Value: Intercultural diversity
Ecuador is a megadiverse country and everywhere you go there’s
culture. In this section, we'll refer to the coastal region of Ecuador,
where people have an original tradition called in Spanish “amorfinos.”
You must be wondering what an "amorfino" is. An “amorfino” is kind
of a rhyme that is a mixture of a romantic poem with some humor.
It has influence from the couplet which has its origin in Spain. People
from the coastal countryside of Ecuador are called "montubios" and
they have lots of traditions. To make women fall in love, they use
the popular and funny “amorfinos.”
1. Write Correct(C) or Incorrect(I) next to the following statements
accordingtothetextabove.Thenmakesmallgroupsandwritecorrections
to the incorrect statements.
• “Amorfinos” are from the capital of Ecuador.
• “Amorfinos” are some rude expressions.
• “Amorfinos” have Spanish influence.
• “Montubios” live in Cuenca.
2. Pair work. Answer the following questions and compare with a partner.
a. What is a typical way on the coast of Ecuador to make a woman fall
in love?
b. Describe with your own words what "amorfinos" are.
c. In your city or town, what does a boy do to get a girl’s attention?
d. Challenge! In your notebook, write an "amorfino" in your own
language. Share it with your partner and ask him/her if he/she likes it.
What are some ways to get someone's attention?
megadiverse. with a lot of
diversity
wonder. to ask oneself
couplet. a short song
Vocabulary
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Ministerio
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Ecuador
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7
Disagreement
1. You will listen to Sophie talking about her life in the countryside. Before you
listen, choose the picture that you think will best describe what she will say.
2. Listen to her now and check your answer. Did you choose the correct
picture? Discuss with a partner details of how the pictures are different.
3. Read the following sentences. There is one word in each that is incorrect
according to the listening. Rewrite the sentences with the corrections.
• Every morning that she wakes up she can listen to the birds chirping.
• The fresh air she can breathe is wonderful.
• In the country, people are not very friendly.
• We share all of our things and are rude with each other.
4. Look at the chart below. Now, listen to those people again and check
where they stress their voices when using those expressions to agree
or disagree with Sophie. Which words have a different sound? Listen
closely!
Grammar Tip
To express agreement or disagreement there are some expressions you
can use:
Agreement Disagreement How?
I think so.
I agree to some extent.
Tell me about it. (slang)
I understand your point, but
I think…
I see what you mean but…
polite
I couldn’t agree with you
more.
I don’t think so.
I totally disagree.
I don’t agree at all.
strong
5. In small groups, share with your partners your opinion on Sophie’s ideas
and agree or disagree on their opinions. Use the expressions in the chart.
Oral Communication
What are some things you would enjoy about living in the countryside?
country. rural area outside
of a populated city
lungs. parts of your body
that permit you to breathe
share. to divide or to distribute
something with other people
stress. accent, emphasis
Vocabulary
Tip
Try to write some key words
down to compare your
answers later.
Pixabay
/
Chris
Aram
Pixabay
/
Jill
Wellington
Audio
Value: Environmental care
It doesn’t matter if you live
in the city or the country,
everyone should take care of the
environment. People in the city
can throw away garbage they
find on the streets or in parks.
In the country, make sure trails
and lakes always look their
natural best.
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Traveling
1. You are interested in traveling next summer but you are not sure where
to go yet. Make a list of the most popular tourist places that you have
heard. Compare the list with a partner.
2. Now your friend gives you a travel magazine to help you make up your
mind. Read the article below about The Amazon Region of Ecuador
to decide if you want to go visit this place.
Most people travel in order to visit and discover new places, new
cultures and traditions. Many tourists prefer very well-known attractions
like Disney World in the U.S.A., The Eiffel Tower in France, and the
Egyptian pyramids. However, there are some others that prefer to go
to exotic places like the Amazon region in Ecuador or the ancient ruins
of Machu Picchu in Peru. The Amazon region of Ecuador is an incredible
place that hundreds of tourists choose to visit every year. They love
to see the amazing vegetation of its rainforests, its wild animals or the
way some communities live. They want to learn from their customs,
see their houses, try their food, and go fishing. Indigenous people from
the Amazon have a different way of dressing, they grow different types
of fruits and vegetables, and use different ways of cooking. For example,
they use spices that are typical in the region. Some spices are even brought
from the rivers that connect to the famous Amazon River, the largest
river in the world. Also, there are some tribes that are still uncontacted.
For all of the reasons mentioned, the Amazon Region of Ecuador is an
attractive tourist place where people from all over the world come to visit
and enjoy it.
3. After reading the article, you decide to go visit the Amazon Region
of Ecuador. In your notebook, write reasons and explain to you teacher
why you chose this place.
4. In your notebook, write a description of
the place using the tips on the left. Also
write a slogan such as “All you need is
Ecuador.”
Where are rain forests in Ecuador that you can visit?
make up your mind. decide,
make a decision
in order to. to
well known. very popular
ruins. old architecture
fishing. activity that consists
of catching fish
spices. condiments
uncontacted. virgin/not visited
or known
Vocabulary
Lesson B
Tip
Use the expressions below
to express your ideas.
The place that I am speaking about
is… It’s located in… There are
some…The natural reserve called…
is there. It has…and…We can see…
Its typical…is/are…
You are a tour guide, and
want to convince foreigners
to visit the Amazon region
of Ecuador. Prepare a little
poster to promote it.
Challenge! Use some of the
new vocabulary from the text.
Pixabay
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blackend464
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Ministerio
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9
Cuyabeno National Reserve
1. You want to learn more about the Amazon region of Ecuador so you
listen to a national radio show where three speakers talk about their visit
to the national reserve Cuyabeno.
2. Match the speakers from the listening (Laura, Kate and Miller) to the
pictures using the letters L, K or M.

3. Listen again for who says the statements below. Then write H for the
Host, L for Laura’s opinion, K for Kate’s opinion and M for Miller’s opinion.
• I was captivated by the vegetation.
• I was impressed by the trees.
• I liked the way the communities live.
• Would you recommend visiting Cuyabeno?
4. Pair work. With a partner put a check mark next to the things below
that people talked about during the listening activity. Discuss which
things you would like to see if you went to Cuyabeno.
5. When visiting Cuyabeno national reserve, the visitors were captivated by:
• The houses
• The birds
• The price of the trip
• The clear water
• The food
• The communities
Oral Communication
Have you ever visited the Cuyabeno national reserve? What can you see and do there?
Cuyabeno. a national reserve/
park deep in the Ecuadorian
Amazon region
huge. big
community. a small populated
area
captivated. attracted, giving
attention to
Vocabulary
Tip
When listening, try to copy
key words as they sound
(do not worry about spelling
or grammar), then you can
predict what they are or mean.
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Luis
Deltreehd
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10
Discovering Our Origins
Value: Intercultural diversity
When we listen to the word “marimba,” a nice and happy dance comes
to our minds, and we immediately think of people from Esmeraldas,
on the northern coast of Ecuador.
But did you know that…
• Its origin was in Colombia?
• There is evidence of its existence
since the XVII century?
•
Marimba is also the name
of the instrument made
of “Guadua” sugar cane,
used for making music?
1. In groups, investigate more about this popular province of Ecuador.
In your notebooks, write about the dance, food, attractions, and other
parts of Esmeraldas culture. Then compare your ideas with other
students.
2. You have a friend who lives in Loja and he/she has never been
to Esmeraldas. Write a postcard to him/her, telling him/her what you
know about that province. On one side of the postcard, make a drawing
of something that represents this beautiful province.
Have you danced, or seen others dance to the rhythm of the "Marimba"? Where ? When?
come to one’s mind. suddenly
think of something, imagine
northern. located in the north
evidence. proof
sugar cane. a plant where
sugar comes from
nickname. an informal name
close friends call you
Vocabulary
Freepik
M
in
is
te
rio
Tu
ris
m
o
Grammar Tip
When writing a postcard:
1. Start with Dear + your
friend’s name.
2. Use descriptive adjectives
to talk about the place you
write about. i.e. Esmeraldas
province has incredible
and beautiful beaches like…
3. Finish with See you
(soon / next week / month /
year) and your signature
(it can be your nick name.)
Cabrera,
A.
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11
City Life in Guayaquil
1. Have you been to Guayaquil? What do you know about it? Write notes
and discuss in small groups to compare your ideas.
2. Listen to Alexia, a teenager visiting Guayaquil, a big city on the coast
of Ecuador. Then complete the following statements using the verbs
in the boxes in the past tense.
can decide
visit
a. Alexia different public places in Guayaquil.
b. She to go see her friends there.
c. Alexia is happy she walk along Pier 2000.
3. Look at the pictures and check the ones Alexia mentioned.
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Juan
Carlos
Rodríguez
Clavijo
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Gabriel
Vera
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Walkerssk
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MeRyan
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GustavoM
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VVNincic
Oral Communication
What could be some reasons that Guayaquil is called “La Perla del Pacífico”? Have you visited Guayaquil?
port. a place where ships
arrive to load and unload cargo
crowded. full of people
handicrafts. objects made
by hand for decoration.
Many places, such as Otavalo,
have specific handicrafts
along. to go in one direction
pier. a place built in the water
where ships park. On top
there may be attractions
where people can go
Vocabulary
Tip
When discussing ideas
in groups, it is important
to be polite and respect each
other’s turns. You can use
expressions like:
May I say something?,
It’s my turn, I’m sorry.
It’s your turn. Go ahead!,
Why don’t we…?
Research and write notes about other interesting public places,
attractions, or important facts about Guayaquil. Then, you can share
your new ideas with the class.
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12
Reading
Give examples of places where people go when they want to do something away from their home.
label. assign to a category
quiet. a silent or calm place
or person
swimming pool. place where
you can swim
concert hall. a large room
for concerts
mostly. usually, generally
day care center. places
that provide attention
and care for young children
Vocabulary
Public Places
1. Your little brother wants to learn about some public places in the city
and why people go there. Circle the city images your brother recognizes
and explain why people go to the places.
2. Now read the text and find the words to label the pictures above.
All cities around the world, small or large, quiet or noisy, clean
or polluted, have public places. There are some where people can
enjoy time with family or friends like parks, swimming pools, stadiums
and concert halls. Others are for business and commercial purposes.
For example, stores, markets and banks. When we need medicine, there
are public hospitals, medical centers and drug stores. Young people look
for some fun time at the movie theaters, restaurants and bars; mostly at
night. There are also day care centers, schools and universities where
people go to learn. No matter where you live, people share public places
almost every single day.
3. Complete the following statements using words from the text above:
• Soccer players, sports coaches, kids and pets go to
to play, practice sports and relax.
• You can go to the beach, or rivers to practice water sports.
• We find vegetables, fish, chicken, soda, etc. at a .
• Babies and toddlers don’t go to school yet. They stay at a
when their parents work.
Pixabay
Write a list of public places
you like to go to.
Who do you go there with?
When do you go there?
What do you do there?
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Writing
What are some cities that you would like to visit? Explain why.
Advertising a City
1. You work at the Ministry of Tourism and you have to promote a city
in your country with a nice ad. Follow the instructions below.
• Choose a city or town you know very well.
• Circle things from the chart below that best describe some of the
attractions in the city.
• Write an attractive title for the ad. (It can include: an adjective +
the name of the city you chose, a phrase or slogan.)
• Write complete sentences describing the city, using the words
you circled, or others.
• You may include a map of the city with its attractions.
Public places: malls, restaurants, parks, cinemas, beaches, stadiums,
coliseums, schools, etc.
Location on the map: in the north/northern, in the south/southern,
in the coast, in the Amazon region, in the highlands, etc.
Interesting attractions: National Park Statue of
Monument of , River, etc.
Art: music instruments, dance, songs, artists names, etc.
Typical food: fish “ceviche”, potatoes with pork “fritada”, rice with seafood,
etc.
Others: festivals, weather, people, etc.
2. You are ready to write your AD! Don’t forget to use some quantifiers listed
at the right. For example: many parks, lots of malls, etc. (50-60 words)
In
there are
You can visit
Let’s visit
.
(name of the city)
(quantifier + noun)
(quantifier + noun)
Ministry of Tourism.
government department
for the country’s tourism
ad or advertisement.
a public announcement
to promote something
national park. a protected
area in the countryside
seafood. sea / ocean animal
served as food. For example:
shrimp, fish, oysters
Vocabulary
Grammar Tip
Quantifiers:
For large
quantities
use:
a lot of, lots
of, many, and
much.
For small
quantities
use:
a few, a little,
(very) few,
(very) little.
For NO
quantity use:
no, not any,
none.
For
unspecified
quantity use:
some St
ud
yl
ib
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14
Assessment
1 Complete the sentences with the past simple or past
continuous. Use the verbs in parenthesis.
a. Rosy (milk) her cows while
her friends (sleep).
b. My mom (wake up)
very early yesterday.
c. My dad (cook) when I
(arrive) from my school.
d. My friend (feed) her dogs
this morning.
Writing
2 Write about a town in Ecuador. (50-60 words)
Describe the things that the town has and what you
like about it.
The place that I am writing about is
. It’s located in
and
Reading
3
Read the following text and then complete the
information after the reading.
Ecuador is a multicultural country. You can
find interesting and incredible customs in its
territory. If you go to the coast, you can find
music, dancing, food and clothes. These are
different in the highlands but a bit similar to the
customs and traditions in the Amazon. Finally,
The Galapagos Islands have similar food and
traditions to the coast. However, its flora and
fauna are unique in the world.
Ecuador is a country.
from the Amazon
and the coast are quite similar.
Galapagos is similar to
Galapagos’ flora and fauna are
worldwide.
Listening
4 Listen to Hannah and Paul from Canada talking
about their experience in a town close to Cuenca.
Write H for Hanna’s information and P for Paul’s.
a. visited Azuay.
b. asked about his trip.
c. said there were a church and a museum.
d. will visit Azuay too.
Speaking
5 Look at the picture below and describe what you see
in complete sentences using the vocabulary learned
in this lessons.
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Alfredobi
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15
Assessment What are some advantages of living in a city?
1 Circle the word(s) that best complete the sentences:
a. Some / a little / any people that live in the
countryside enjoy the fine/fresh/free air and
healthy food.
b. In the city, there is not many / much / little time
tobewithyourfamily,especiallyifyouliveclose/
clean / far from work.
c. A (n) ad / center / hall is a type of publicity
to attract and buy/ promote / produce a place
or a product.
d. No / Much / A lot of public places are free,
for example the park / the cinema / restaurants.
Writing
2 Write about the public places in your city. Use the
vocabulary learned in this unit. (50-60 words)
Start like this:
In my city
Reading
3
Read the text below that continues on the top
of the page. After reading, write (T) for the true
information or (F) for the false information.
In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, there is a very
famous Carnival celebration. A lot of people
from around the world visit this city to see the
incredible parades where men, women and
children wear colorful costumes while they walk
and dance along the streets for many hours.
3
It’s a free spectacle but you must find
a good place to see the parade early before
it starts because it can be really crowded. If you
go to Rio, you can also enjoy at the beautiful
beaches or eat the famous churrasco in a
traditional Brazilian restaurant.
a. A few people worldwide go visit
Brazil during its Carnival.
b. Only men and women with children
walk along the streets in the parade.
c. You need to arrive early to find
a good place to see the spectacle.
d. The parade is the only attraction
in Brazil during Carnival celebration.
Listening
4 Michael’s job is to visit interesting cities around
the world. He’s at a radio show now, sharing some
experiences. Listen to the show and answer the
questions in complete sentences.
a. What public places does Michael have to pay
to go to?

b. What does Michael do with the pictures
he takes on his trips?

c. How does Michael help the people and places
he visits?

d. WhatdoyouthinkisthebestpartofMichael'sjob?

Speaking
5 Recommend some places to see and activities to do
in the city or town you live. Be very descriptive to
promote the place.
Topics
I do it very
well
I do it
somewhat well
I can
improve
I can’t do it
without help
I can speak about the city and the countryside.
I can read and understand stories in the past.
I can write an ad to promote a city.
I can express quantity by using quantifiers.
Self-evaluation
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Project 1
16
A Dream City
In small groups: You are going to be city planners. Create an ideal city
to live in.
1. Look at the pictures above and complete the next chart. If you prefer,
you can draw a mind map to organize your ideas such as: what willl
the city have, how will people move around, what things should be close
to each other, where will people play and shop, etc.
Food is natural, fresh, free of chemicals,…
Location It’s by the sea, the river,…
People are…
House style/material
Education
Health
Traffic
Public spaces/
attractions
Your own idea(s)
2. When you have all the ideas for your dream city completed in your mind
map or chart, make a poster to show and explain your class what your
dream city is like.
3. Take turns so every member of the group speaks.
public. the opposite of private,
for everyone to use
mind map. an organizer
for ideas
health. a person's physical
and mental well-being
Vocabulary
Tip
Remember to use polite expressions
when organizing and working
as a team!
Tip
Remember: Perfect cities have
many public spaces, no traffic,
a few people, jobs for everybody,
excellent transportation, fresh
and natural food, and good
hospitals and schools.
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Let’s review!
17
1
Use the next words to answer the questions in
complete sentences.
crowded City Hall The Mayor
a. You are the authority job in the city you live,
what’s your official charge?

b. Where do you work?

c. What important problem does the city have?

2 Look at the images to answer the following question.
Use verbs like: build, clean, reduce, etc.

What are some things that the Mayor of a city
can do to make the city better? Use the images at
the left. Example: The Mayor can build new public
spaces.
•

•

•

Compare the city in the past with the city now by
matching the statements.
Two years
ago
there was less traffic in the streets.
Nowadays we have lots of cars everywhere.
Reading
3 Read the following text and answer the questions.

My aunt Martha lives in the countryside.
Sheenjoysherhomebecauseitisquietandcalm.
She also loves eating fresh food and milking
the cows every morning. She can make cheese
and delicious meals from the milk. However,
her son Juan lives in the capital city, which
isbigandcrowded.Therearelotsofcarsandthe
air is not clean at all.When she visits her son,
she feels sick and sad. She doesn’t understand
how people can live in those conditions
and worries about her son.
a. What are the differences between Martha’s home
and her son’s?

b. What does Martha use to prepare delicious food?

c. Why is Martha worried about her son?

Pixabay
/
Angelic
cooke
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/
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Cabrera,
A.
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18
Lesson C
Traffic Signs, Signals and Symbols
Value: Traffic education
• Traffic signs appeared in the Roman Times to help people understand
the rules.
• In 1968, there was an attempt to unify all traffic signals around
the world, but it was not accepted by some countries.
• Countries like the United States and the United Kingdom have signs
with “tanks” as pictures to let you know that there is a military base.
• There are some strange signs like a high heel with the broken heel.
This is to let ladies know the road is irregular or bad to walk with high
heels.
1. Challenge! How much do you know about traffic? Match the letter
of the picture with the descriptions below. Compare your answers with
a partner.
• accepted speed
• reduce the speed
• don’t U turn
• stop
• school near
• don’t go this way
• road construction ahead
• a stop is ahead soon
• road does not have exit ahead
2. Let’s play! Each team draws or writes at least five new and creative traffic
signs on some flash cards or white small paper. They give a member
of the other team a card to act out in order for the other members of their
group to guess. The team that guesses the most signs wins.
3. In small groups draw or make a traffic light and explain to the class what
each color represents and explain what drivers should do at each light.
How many different traffic signs are there in Ecuador? All over the world?
unify. to have everything
equal
strange. unusual, odd, weird,
not normal
high heels. formal shoes
that make women seem taller
speed. velocity
turn. change directions
Vocabulary
Tip
Don’t forget to respect
everybody’s turns and use
polite expressions like:
I’m sorry. It’s your turn!
Could I go next please? Oops,
I was wrong! Excuse me,
I’m next.
SLOW
DOWN
ROAD
WORK
AHEAD
SCHOOL
ZONE
SLOW
DOWN
ROAD
WORK
AHEAD
SCHOOL
ZONE
SLOW
DOWN
ROAD
WORK
AHEAD
SCHOOL
ZONE
SLOW
DOWN
ROAD
WORK
AHEAD
SCHOO
ZONE
A C
B
F G H I
D E
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/
GerdAltmann
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/
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19
Traffic Education
1. Listen to a girl named Joy talking. What is the main topic? When you
know it, answer the questions below.
• What new subject is Joy studying in her school?
• Discuss and write down the differences between drivers, pedestrians
and passengers?
Drivers
Pedestrians
Passengers
• According to the recording, what could be dangerous for pedestrians?
2. Look at the pictures and write pedestrian crossing, driver and passenger
on the lines given.
3. In small groups discuss what pedestrians need to do. Write at least three
rules to follow to protect yourself on the street.
1
2
3
4. Listen to Joy again and say what her last reflection is. Do you agree
or disagree with her?
Oral Communication
What things should be included in traffic education?
subject. what you learn in
school like Math, Science, etc.
pedestrian. a person who
walks along streets, roads
passenger. a person
who uses transportation
Vocabulary
Pixabay
/
Nick
Walker
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/
CS
Houghton
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20
Traffic Education
1. Challenge! In small groups check the topics you know about traffic
in your city. Check the ones you know about from the following list.
Traffic light colors
Driving rules
Passengers’ rights
Traffic light meanings
Driver responsibilities
Pedestrian obligations
and responsibilities
2. Read the following paragraph, pay attention to the words highlighted
in blue.
There are students from high schools who in the past used to receive
a subject called “Traffic Education,” but this doesn’t exist anymore.
These students used to apply their learning on the streets.
Nowadays, traffic education doesn't exist. People don’t know
much about traffic signs, signals, and their responsibilities as citizens.
The Police recommend instructing ourselves about this, and there is
information about it on their webpage. If you want to know more
information on this topic, access the police website and teach yourself
about the subject.
3. Complete the phrases using the correct reflexive pronoun.
• Traffic officers solve the city’s traffic jam problems .
• We can save our lives by respecting the traffic
signs and symbols.
• You can teach anything new by reading, researching
and asking experts.
4. Write the letter a, b, or c in the picture it describes.
a. Subject received in schools in the past.
b. Students directing the traffic themselves.
c. Information about the subject.
Reading
When, how, and who should educate future drivers?
used to. to express habits
from the past
apply. to put it in use
traffic jam. too many cars
in the streets that prevents
normal movement
Vocabulary
Flickr
/
Secretaría
de
Movilidad
Freepik
Freepik
Grammar Tip
Look at the table below to make
sure that when you read and
write, you understand and use
the correct reflexive pronoun.
Subject
Pronoun
Reflexive
Pronoun
I Myself
You Yourself
He Himself
She Herself
It Itself
We Ourselves
You Yourselves
They Themselves
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21
Rules to be Followed
Must is used to express obligation. i.e. Students must respect the school rules.
Have to is used to express obligation. It is more common in speaking than
must. i.e. Students have to study their lessons.
*Remember that must does not use “to” before the following verb!
1. Challenge! Using the spaces below, make a pictogram using three
obligations you have as a student. Follow the example. When you finish,
show it to your partner so he/she can guess what your pictures and
words say.
Freepik
2. Now, write the sentences from your pictograms. Look at the example:
Students have to do homework.
1
2
3
3. Read the sentences you wrote to your partner substituting “have to”
for “must.” See the example: Students must do homework.
4. Read the following sentences and complete them with the appropriate
possessive adjective or reflexive pronoun from the charts on pages 20-21.
• Marie’s students are working. They must complete the exercises
.
• Charlie is cleaning the class. He has to clean board
and floor this week.
• They must draw a map . The map is about their
country.
• I must take care of uniform every day. It has
to be clean and ironed.
What are some of a citizen's responsibilities and obligations?
citizen. someone who lives
legally in a particular city
or country
pictogram. a type of graph
with pictures or symbols
to show information
ironed. flat and smooth
Vocabulary
Writing
Subject
Pronoun
Possessive
Adjectives
I my
You your
He his
She her
It its
We our
You your
They their
Grammar Tip
To express possession, we use
possessive adjectives. i.e.
Quito has beautiful places.
Its buildings in the historical
center keep lots of traditions.
Marie’s daughter is nice.
Her name is Alice.
has
to be
A good citizen kind and respectful
with others.
must not
destroy
A good citizen public property.
must
follow
A good citizen the rules.
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22
Memes
Some say memes are not art because they do not follow the rules
to be considered art. Others say they are because they show cultural
and social expressions. These memes are new. They became popular
with the use of social networks such as Instagram, Twitter, Facebook,
etc. Young people use them to express their thoughts, ideas and even
their disagreement with the society. In conclusion, as it is new, it is still
in debate, and it depends on you to consider it art or not.
1. Plan a debate dividing the class into two groups. Those who agree
on one side and those who disagree on the other side. There should be
a neutral mediator in the center. Discuss each sides opinions.
2. Challenge! You are very creative. Make your own memes in English using
the images below and read them to your class.
When writing a phrase, you can use:
Affirmative sentences: I am a little crazy. There has been a lot of work.
Negative sentences with not: We do not have much time. You cannot tell
me that.
Interrogative sentences that ask questions: Are you serious? Where have
you been?
Imperative sentences: Don’t worry! Be happy!
3. Tell the class if you think your memes are art or not. Explain your reasons.
You can start like this. My meme is/isn’t art because …..
Explain what a meme is. Explain if they should be considered art.
meme. a video, picture
or phrase sent via internet
intended to get attention
follow. to do what is asked,
directions
disagreement. not to agree
neutral. impartial
Vocabulary
Do you like memes?
Do you consider them to be
art? Discuss your opinions
with with your partner.
Pixabay
/
Mylene2401
Pixabay
Tip
When expressing your opinion
and listening to others’ ideas,
don’t forget to be polite and
respect different points of view.
You can use expressions like:
In our opinion…, We (don’t) think
that…, Our main point is that…,
I see your point, but…,
I understand, but…, I see what you
mean, but…, I’m sorry, I just have
to disagree with you.
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23
Assisting Others
Did you know that there are many people who assist others every day and in
different ways? Do you know someone who does it? Discuss with your partner.
1. Listen to the conversation between a mother and her daughter. Then
answer the questions in incomplete sentences.
• What do people call Jaime Jaramillo?
• What is Papa Jaime’s nationality?
• Write three ways how Papa Jaime assists others.
1
2
3
2. Look at the images and mark with an the ways how we can help others
according to the kid’s teacher.
3. Make small groups and think of other ways to assist people. What is your
opinion about it? Discuss with your group members.
Tip
When expressing your opinion, you can start with: I (really) think /
What I think is…; I believe / What I believe is…; In my opinion…; From
my point of view…
Oral Communication
Describe some of the ways that you help other people.
assist. to help
homeless. with no home
blind. people who cannot see
pregnant. expecting a baby
elderly. a person over 65
give up. sacrifice something
for the benefit of someone
else
Vocabulary
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/
Sabine
van
Erp
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24
Planning a Trip
When you travel abroad, make sure you follow these tips:
• Make sure you are healthy before your trip. Get a medical checkup
if possible.
• Have your passport with you and make a copy of it.
• Know about the currency in the place where you are visiting.
• Activate your cell phone for abroad connections if possible.
• Be patient and flexible to enjoy your trip as much as you can!
1. You are going to travel to your grandparents’ house in the countryside.
Tick the objects you’re going to take for the trip.
When listing things (nouns), you need quantifiers…
For count nouns: (very) few / a few / many
For non-count nouns: (very) little / a little (bit) / much
For both, count and non-count nouns: some / a lot of / lots of / no / any
For singular count nouns you can also use a / an /one
For plural count nouns you can also use two / a pair of / three / etc.
2. Choose some objects from the ones you ticked in exercise 1 and tell
your class why you selected them. Use quantifiers when you mention
them.
I’m going to take a/an…, some…and maybe a little…to go on my trip to…
3. Challenge! (In pairs) You won a contest, and you are traveling to Alaska
with one classmate.
4. Write 5 things you will take on this trip. Compare your answers with the
others and say why you are going to take those things to your trip.
1
2
3
4
5
What are some things you need to do before you travel to another place?
trip. going away
currency. the type of local
money used in a country
abroad. outside your own
country
count nouns. things you can
count, 1-2-3 cars, cups of
milk
non-count nouns. can not be
counted: traffic, milk
Vocabulary
Lesson D
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25
Traveling Overseas
1. Do you recognize any of the places in the pictures? What picture
represents a trip overseas?
2. Listen to two students talk about the trips they took on their last vacation.
3. What places did they visit? What did they do? Complete the chart below.
Use the past tense for the activities.
Place
Activities
(visit, be, have, go to, eat, see)
Tony
Sammy
4. After listening, decide if these statements true or false. Listen again
and write True(T) or False(F) and correct the false information:
• Tony’s parents don't work very much.
• Tony’s mother speaks English very well.
• Tony’s father is an accountant.
• Sammy visited her family in Riobamba.
• Sammy ate some cheese from Chimborazo.
• Guano is not close to Riobamba.
Oral Communication
Describe a trip that you went on recently. What did you do and see?
overseas. abroad, to other
countries
sibling. a brother or a sister
effort. to try something
difficult
theme park. a big park
with different attractions
like Disney
ice. frozen water
mummy. dead body wrapped
in cloth
Vocabulary
Freepik
Tip
After listening the first time,
and writing down some key
words, you can ask your
teacher for help with the
words or expressions you
don’t understand. You can
say: I don’t understand……,
What does………mean?, Could
you repeat that please?, How do
you say…..?
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