anatomy and histology

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PRESENTED BY : DR SURAJ KC
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3. ADRENAL GLAND
Gross Histology
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4. LOCATION
• Lies in epigastrium, at upper pole of kidney
• Between superomedial aspect of kidneys &
diaphragm
• Opposite the vertebral end of 11th ICS & 12th rib
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5. DIMENSIONS
Length : 5cm
Breadth : 3cm
Thickness : 1cm
Weight : 5 gms
Size:1/3 of kidney
at birth
: 1/30 of kidney
at adult
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6. Right adrenal gland
• Shape: Pyramidal
• Apex & Base
• Medial & Lateral Border
• Anterior & Posterior
Surfaces
Left adrenal gland
•Semilunar
•Upper &Lower end
•Medial & Lateral Border
•Anterior and Posterior
Surfaces
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7. Coverings
• True capsule
• False capsule : renal fascia
Separated from kidney by
thin septa
Suspended by suspensory
ligament of diaphragm
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8. RELATIONS
RIGHT SUPRARENAL
GLAND
LEFT SUPRARENAL GLAND
Parts and relations Apex: bare area of liver
Base: upper pole of right
kidney
Upper end: close to spleen
Lower end : presents
hilum, left vein emerges
Anterior surface IVC , bare area o f liver Cardiac end of stomach,
pancreas with spleenic
artery
Posterior surface Right crus of diaphragm, rt
kidney
left crus of diaphragm, left
kidney
Anterior border Presents hilum, right vein
emerges
Medial border Coeliac ganglion Coeliac ganglion
Lateral border liver stomach
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10. BLOOD SUPPLY
Arterial supply :
 Superior suprarenal artery
(Branch of inferior phrenic)
 Middle suprarenal artery
(Branch of abdominal aorta)
 Inferior suprarenalartery
(Branch of renal artery)
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11. Venous Drainage
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 Right suprarenal drains
directly into Inferior venacava
 Left supra renal drains
into left renal vein
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12. Lymphatic drainage
• Lymphatic from the suprarenal glands drain
into the lateral aortic nodes
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13. Nerve Supply
Pre ganglionic ganglia donot
synapse at sympathatic ganglia
Directly go to the gland
Synapse at ganglia at cortex and
medulla
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14. HISTOLOGY
Supra Renal gland has 2 parts :
Supra renal cortex
Supra renal medulla
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15. Supra renal cortex
 Lightly stained
 Derived from mesoderm
 90% of gland by weight
 Secretes corticosteroids & androgen
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16. Histo cortex
Cortex can be further divided into
 Zona glomerulosa :
 Basophillic cells
 Inverted U shaped arranged
 Secretes mineralocorticoids
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17. Zona fasciculata:
 Basophilic cytoplasm
 Cells arranged to form column
 Sinusoids present between column
 Secretes glucocorticoids
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18. Zona reticularis
 Polyhedral cells
 Eosinophilic cytoplasm
 Branching & anastomose pattern
 Secretes androgens
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19. Supra renal medulla
• Darkly stained
• Derived from neural crest
• 10% of gland by weight
• Secretes catecholamines
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20. Adrenal medulla
 Group of columnar cells
 Seperated by sinusoids
 Basophilic cytoplasm
 Orange granules in cytosol
 Presence of chromaffin cell
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21. HISTOLOGY AT GLANCE
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22. Applied Anatomy
• Cortical Disorders
Cushings Syndrome
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Addison’s Disease
• Medullary Disorders
Pheochromocytoma
Neuroblastoma
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23. REFERENCE
• BD CHAURASIA TEXT BOOK OF ANATOMY
• SNELLS ANATOMY
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