Dpt

2. PRESENTED BY;-
DR AYESHA ANWER ALI
STROKE AND REHABILITATION

3. OUTLINE
 Definition
 Pathophysiology
 Types
 Causes
 Signs and symptoms
 Diagnosis
 Treatment

4. INTRODUCTION

5. INTRODUCTION
 Discovery of stroke by
Hippocrates .
 Stroke is the 5 th leading cause
of death in the US ,with one
person dying every 4 minutes .
 For black people, stroke is the
3rd leading cause of death.
 It is the second leading cause of
death in the world.

6. DEFINITION
 Stroke is also known as
cerebrovascular accident(CVA).
 A stroke, sometimes called a brain
attack, occurs when something
blocks blood supply to part of the
brain or when a blood vessel in
the brain bursts.
 In either case, parts of the brain
become damaged or die
 . A stroke can cause lasting brain
damage, long-term disability, or even
death.02-Nov-2022

About Stroke | cdc.gov
 https://www.cdc.gov › stroke › about


7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND
TYPES

8. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 Thrombus Embolus


 Obstruction of cerebral blood vessels Nerve cell unable

 Dec blood flow to the brain depolarize

 Dec; 02 level inc co2 Diminished


 Aerobic convert to anaerobic respiration

 Production of lactic acid
 ATP Production dec dead brain tissue


9. TYPES OF STROKE
 There are 3 types of
stroke
 (1) Ischemic stroke
 (2) Hemorrhagic stroke
 (3) Transient ischemic
stroke

10. ISCHEMIC STROKE
 Ischemic stroke is the most
common form of stroke,
accounting for arround 85%
of strokes.
 This type of stroke is caused
by blockages or narrowing of
the arteries that provide
blood to the brain,resulting
in ischemia -severely
reduced blood flow.

12. HEMORRHAGIC STROKE
 Hemorrhagic stroke are
caused by arteries in the brain
either leaking blood or
bursting open.
 The ruptures can be caused by
conditions such as
hypertension, trauma ,blood –
thinning medications and
aneurysms (weakness in the
blood vessel walls).
 Intra cerebral hemorrhage
 Subarachnoid hemorrhage

16. TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK
 TIA are different from
the aforementioned
kinds of stroke because
the flow of blood to the
brain is only briefly
interrupted.
 TIAs are similar to
ischemic strokes in that
they are often caused by
blood clots or other
debris.

17. CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS

18. Causes
 Hypertension
 Stress
 Heart disease
 Diabetes
 Smoking/Tabacco
 Cholesterol imbalance

19. Singn /Symptoms .
 Sudden numbness or weakness in the
face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of
the body.
 Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or
difficulty understanding speech
 Sudden trouble seeing in one or both
eyes. Sudden trouble walking, dizziness,
loss of balance, or lack of coordination.
 Usually on one side of the body.
 Trouble speaking or understanding.
 Problems with vision, such as dimness or
loss of vision in one or both eyes.
 Dizziness or problems with balance or
coordination.
 Problems with movement or walking.
 Fainting or seizure.

20. NON-MODIFIABLE MODIFIABLE
 Age
 Gender
 Heredity
 Previous vascular
event such as MI,
Stroke.
 Hypertension
 Cigarette smoking
 Diabetes Mellitus
 Physical inactivity
 Obesity
 Dyslipidemia
RISK FACTORS

22. DIAGNOSIS AND
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

23. Diagnosis:
 Strokes happen fast and will often
occur before an individual can be
seen by a doctor for a proper
diagnosis.
 The acronym F.A.S.T. is a way to
remember the signs of stroke and
can help identify the onset of
stroke more quickly:

26.  :

 History collection
 Physical examination;
 CT scan
 MRI
 Blood Tests
 Carotid us
 Cerebral angiogram
 Echocardiogram

29. Presented by
Samreen Laghari

41. REDUCING TONE
 A goal of stroke physical therapy
interventions has been to “normalize tone to
normalize movement.”
 Therapy modalities for reducing the
muscle tone include streching,prolonged
Streching, passive manipulation by
therapists, weight bearing, ice, contraction
of muscles antagonistic to spastic muscles,
splinting, and casting.