Nasal Anatomy and Sinuses Guide

THE NOSE
&
THE PNS
Presented By:-
Dr.Tarun Kumar Dwibedi
PG SCHOLAR,
Dept.Of Shalakya Tantra,
SJG AYU. MEDICAL COL. & HOSPITAL

CONTENTS:-
NOSE
1. NASA SHARIRA
2. EXTERNAL NOSE
3. ARHINIA
4. DNS
5. LEPROTIC NOSE
6. NASAL STENOSIS
7. OSTEOCARTILAGINOUS PART OF NOSE
8. RHINOPHYMA
9. SKELETAL NOSE
10. MUSCLES OF NOSE
11. NASAL CAVITY
12. VESTIBULITIS
13. FURANCLE
14. RHINOSPORIDIOSIS
15. FLOORS & WALLS OF NASAL CAVITY
16. STRUCTURES OF LATERAL WALL
17. STRUCTURES IN MID. MEATUS
18. MEATUS OF L. NC. ,LACRIMAL GLAND &
FLOW OF TEAR
19. MUCOSAL MEMBRANE OF NC
20..VASCULAR SUPPLY OF NASAL CAVITY
21.LITTLE’S AREA
22.EPISTAXIS
23.NERVE SUPPLY TO NC.
24.NASAL MYIASIS
25.MELANOMA
PNS
26.THE PNS
27.CORONAL SECTION
28.HORIZONTAL SECTION
29.LATERAL SECTION
30.SAGITAL SECTION
31.FRONTAL SINUS
32.SPHENOIDAL SINUS
33.ETHMOIDAL SINUS
34.MAXILLARY SINUS
35.DRAINAGE OF SINUSES
36.SIGN AND SYMPTOMS RELATED TO
SINUS
37.SINUSITIS
Dr.Tarun Kumar Dwibedi / PG SCHOLAR /
dr.tarun52@gmail.com / SJG AMC & H,
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नासा शारीरं-1
नासा हि शशरसो द्वारं।
अ.सं. सू. 19/2
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नासा शारीरं।-2
• घ्राणमार्गमुभयतःस्रतोमार्गप्रततबद्धे
अभ्यन्तरतःफणे,तत्रर्न्धाज्ञानं .....
su.sa.6/27
• Both side of the nasal canal Two fana
marmas are found , attached to the inner
nasal canal. Injury to this marma could cause
the loss of smell sense.
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The nose is the door of head. The drugs that is
administered to the Nasal cavity reaches to the
sringataka Marma then spread to murdha, netra,
karna ,kantha and siramukha then scartches the
morbidly attached doshas and expels them out.
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• Drugs administered into the nose goes
directly in to the CNS through CRIBRIFORM
PLATE by ...
1.through OLFACTORY NEURONS
2. Through supporting cells and the
surrounding capillary bed.
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द्वे अंर्ुलातन बृषणचिबुकदशन नासापुटभार् कणगमूल भृनयन अन्तराणी
,
ितुरंर्ुलातन मेिनबदनअंतरनाsaकणगललाटग्रीब I
Su.su.35/12
• Nasaputa (NOSTRIL) is 2 ANGULO.
• NOSE IS 4 ANGULO.
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फणावु भयतो घ्राणमार्ं श्रत्रपथानर्ौ ,अन्तर्गल
स्थतौ वेर्ात्र्न्ध ववज्ञान िाररणौ।
A.h.Sa.4/30
• On the both side of the nasal canal ,towards
the ear canal and in the throat ,we have 2
FANA marma . Injury to this marma causes
loss of smell sense.
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EXT.NOSE
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PYRAMDAL IN SHAPE – ROOT
UPWARD AND BASE DOWN WARD.
THE EXTERNAL PART HAS
OSTEOCARTELAGENOUS FRAMEWORK
COVERED BY SKIN AND MUSCLE .
THE NOSE
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EXTERNAL NOSE-1
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EXT.NOSE-4
EXTERNAL NOSE-2
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EXTERNAL NOSE-3
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EXTERNAL NOSE-4
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EXTERNAL NOSE-5
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ARHINIA:- Its a
congenital
partial or
complete loss of
Nose at birth.

DNS
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LEPROTIC NOSE
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NASAL STENOSIS
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Skin over the nasal bone & over the lateral
cartilage part is thin, loose and freely movable .
 The skin on the alar cartilage part is thick &
adherent which contains many sebaceous
glands.
 The hypertrophy of those glands causes
Rhinophyma .
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Rhinophyma
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SKELETAL NOSE-1
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SKELETAL NOSE-2
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SKELETAL NOSE-3
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MUSCLES OF NOSE-1
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MUSCLES OF NOSE-2
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NASAL CAVITY
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VESTIBULITIS
• Vestibulitis is an inflammation of this skin and
the mucous secreting glands found in the skin.
.
• When it is in ant. nasal cavity it will be nasal
vestibulitis.
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VESTIBULITIS
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FURANCLE
• IT IS THE INFLAMATION & INFECTION OF THE HAIR
FOLLICLE .
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FURANCLE
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Rhinosporidiosis
• Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous
infection of the mucous membranes that
usually manifests as vascular friable polyps
that arise from the nasal mucosa .
• Organism..RHIISPORODIUM SEEBERI
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Rhinosporidiosis
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FLOOR OF NASAL CAVITY
HORIZONTAL PLATE OF PALATINE BONE
PALATINE PROCESS OF MAXILLA
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ROOF OF THE NASAL CAVITY
BODY OF SPHENOID BONE
CRIBRIFORM PLATES OF ETHMOID BONE
FRONTAL & NASAL BONES
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Largest among all the nasal meatus.
Space below the inferior concha.
It is thin curved & independent.
Naso-lacrimal duct is opens in to it.
The end of naso lacrimal duct is guarded by
Hasner’s valve ,a mucosal valve.
INFERIOR MEATUS
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INFERIOR
MEATUS
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LACRIMAL GLAND & FLOW OF TEAR
• paired and almond shaped
• Present upper lateral part of each eye ( upper
outer part of orbit)
• secrets the aqueous layer of the tear film.
• This liquid moist the corneal surface.
• The tears lacrimal sac through sup. & inf.
Lacrimal canal.
• From this sac ,tears drains through a passage ie.
Naso-lacrimal duct into the inferior meatus of
lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
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LACRIMAL GLAND & FLOW OF TEAR
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MIDDLE MEATUS
Space below the mid. Concha
Its the medial Process of ethmoidal -
labyrinth.
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MIDDLE
MEATUS
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UNCINATE PROCESS-
Its a hook like structure present
anteroposteriorly to the
posterior direction in the middle
meatus.
BULLA ETHMOIDALIS-
Its the elevation above the
uncinate process in the middle
meatus of lateral wall.
HIATUS SEMILUNARIS-
Its a groove between the
uncinate process & the bulla
ethmoidalis .
STRUCTURES IN MID. MEATUS , WHILE CONCHAE ARE REMOVED
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SUPERIOR MEATUS
Space below the sup. Concha.
Its a process of ethmoidal bone.
Smallest among nasal meatus.
Post. Eth. Sinus opens into it.
Sphenoidal sinus also opens
into it.
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SUPERIOR
MEATUS
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VASCULAR SUPPLY OF NASAL CAVITY
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ARTERIES OF THE NASAL CAVITY
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NASAL BLEED / EPISTAXIS
Bleeding from the nose.
May be venous or Arterial.
It could be from anterior part of nose or
posterior part of nose.
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EPISTAXIS
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TYPE OF EPISTAXIS
ANTERIOR NASAL BLEED
POSTERIOR NASAL BLEED
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Traumatic
Inflammatory
Foreign body
Hypertension
CAUSES OF EPISTAXIS
Bleeding disorders
Systemic disorders
Benign or Malignant disorders
Iatrogenic
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ANT.NASAL BLEED & LITTLE’S AREA
1. ANT. ETHMOIDAL A.
2. SPHENO ETHMOIDAL A.
3. GREATER PALATINE A.
4. SUPERIOR LABIAL A.
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LITTLE’S AREA /
kiesselbach’s
plexus
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POST. NASAL BLEED
1.ANT. ETHMOIDAL A.
2.POST. ETHMOIDAL A.
3.SPHENO PALATINE A.
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NERVE SUPPLY OF NOSE
1.OLFACTORY N.
2.Nerves of general sensation
-ophthalmic N.
-ant. Ethmoidal N.
-Maxillary N.
-Nasopalatine N.
- Palatine branch of Ganglion.
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Nasal myiasis
Myiasis is the parasitic infestation of
the body of a live mammal by fly-
larvae (maggot )that grow inside the
host while feeding on its tissue .
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Nasal myiasis
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MELANOMA
Melanoma is a cancer that develops in
melanocytes.
When the melanoma present on skin of nose
it would b the Nasal melanoma.
Usually those are malignant .
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THE PNS
THE PARA NASAL SINUS
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The air filled cavities in the bone , surrounding the nose.
PNS are on Frontal ,Ethmoidal , Sphenoidal , Maxilla.
Helps in resonance of voice , Lightening of skull , Air
conditioning.
Appears after birth & grow with age.
Maxillary and sphenoid sinus appear at birth.
Maxillary sinus appear first.
THE PNS
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MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF PNS
THE SINUSES ARE LINED WITH MUCOUS MEMBRANE WHICH IS
THE CONTINUATIONS OF NASAL CAVITY.
COMPARATIVELY LESS VASCULAR AS COMPARED TO
NASAL CAVITY.
IT CONTAINS CILLIATED COLUMNER EPITHELLIUM .
IT CONTAINS GOBLET CELLS THAT SECRETS MUCOUS.
CILLIA IS MORE NEAR THE OSTEA OF SINUS WHICH HELPS IN
DRAINING THE MUCOUS TO THE RESPECTIVE MEATUS.
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THE PNS
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RADIOGRAPHIC VIEW OF PNS
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A
S
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FRONTAL SINUS
 Second Largest among all PNS.
 2 In no. 2- 2.5 cm .
Roughly triangular in shape.
Separated from each by a bony septum.
Opens into middle meatus by a canal called
fronto-nasal duct.
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FRONTAL SINUS
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SIZE OF FRONTAL SINUS C AGE
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SPHENOIDAL SINUS
IN THE BODY OF SPHENOID BONE.
2 IN NO SEPARATED BY A THIN BONY
SEPTUM.
BELOW THE SELLA TURSICA.
VOL.-7ML.
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SPHENOIDAL SINUS
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ETHMOIDAL SINUS
PRESENT WITH IN THE UPPER THIRD OF LATERAL NASAL
WALL AND MEDIAL WALL OF ORBIT .
3-18 IN No. .
CLINICALLY IT HAS 2 GROUPS,
ANTERIOR &
POSTERIOR GROUP .
ANTE. GROUP DRAINS IN TO MIDDLE MEATUS &
POSTERIOR GROUP DRAINS IN TO SUPERIOR MEATUS AND
SPHENO-ETHMOIDAL RECESS.
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ETHMOIDAL SINUS
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MAXILLARY SINUS
LARGEST SINUS AMONG ALL PNS .
IN THE BODY OF MAXILLA .
2 IN NO. VOL. 15ML EACH.
PYRAMIDAL SHAPE.
DRAINS IN TO MIDDLE MEATUS.
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MAXILLARY SINUS
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DRAINAGE OF SINUSES
• MAXILLARY SINUS - MIDLE MEATUS
• FRONTAL SINUS - MIDLE MEATUS
• ANT. ETHMOIDAL SINUS - MIDDLE MEATUS
• POST. ETHMOIDAL SINUS - SUPERIOR MEATUS
• SPHENOIDAL SINUS - SPHENOETHMOIDAL RECESS OF
SUPERIOR MEATUS
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SIGN & SYMPTOM RELATED TO PNS
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CONT...
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Nasal Anatomy and Sinuses Guide

Nasal Anatomy and Sinuses Guide

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