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PERIPHERY MO FORENSIC CLASS AUTOPSY.pptx
1. Dr Praveen Kumar Pradhan
Assistant Professor, FMT
GMCH, Sundargarh
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
2. Procedure to Conduct Autopsy
1. Receive the Inquest and Dead body challan before
starting autopsy.
2. Carefully read everything.
3. Observe the general features of deceased and
compare wearing apparel with inquest.
4. Note down any injuries
5. On Dissection – First Cranial Cavity
6. Then neck, thoracic and abdominal cavity
7. Opinion
8. Preserve any samples asked by police in DBC and any
sample you think should be tested to arrive at
opinion and hand over to police.
9. Write whatever handed over in command of escort
police.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
3. GENERAL FEATURES
• body built – Average/Thin /Obese
• Complexion – Dark/Fair/Medium
• body length ___ cm
• scalp hair – black/Grey/Mixed
• mouth semi closed/Closed/Opened
• tongue present inside mouth/Protruded
• teeth __ in upper jaw and ___ in lower jaw,
• nail bed - bluish/Pale
• eyes - closed/Opened
• cornea - hazy/Clear/Decomposed
• conjunctiva - hazy/Clear/Decomposed
• rigor mortis - present all over the body / Over the limbs / Over the neck
/ Passed off
• post-mortem lividity - present over back/dependent parts/ not
appreciable
• All natural orifices are free/frothing.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
5. NOTE THE POSITION OF MOUTH, TONGUE, CONDITION OF THE EYE, NOSTRILS, LIMBS
NOTE THE INJURY OVER THE NECK, PETECHIAL HAEMORRHAGE OVER LIMBS, ANY OTHER INJURIES IF ANY
1.Ligature mark in the form of pressure abrasion present in front of neck OVER/ABOVE/BELOW thyroid
cartilage. On right side it passes ____cm below right angle of mandible, ___cm below right mastoid and
ends___. On left side it passes ____ cm below left angle of mandible, ___cm below left mastoid and ends
at__________. Maximum width is__cm over ____________.
EXAMINE THE DISSECTION FINDINGS OF TRACHEA, HYOID BONE
PRESERVE VISCERA ONLY IF THERE IS ANY OTHER SMELL OVER STOMACH OR IF THERE IS ANY SIGNS OF
POISONING
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
7. NOTE THE GENERAL FINDINGS NAMELY BODY LENGTH, TEETH IN EACH JAW, CONDITION OF EYE, RIGOR MORTIS, ETC
NOTE THE INJURIES OVER THE BODY
1.DESCRIPTION
2.Abrasion of size ________ over _________
3.Contusion of size ________ over _________
4.Laceration of size ________ over _________
5.Abraded contusion of size ________ over _________
6.Incisiced wound of size ________ over _________
7.Stitched Laceration/Abrasion of size ________ over _________
EXAMINE THE DISSECTION FINDINGS OF BRAIN/THORAX/ABDOMEN/PELVIS FOR INTERNAL INJURIES
PRESERVE VISCERA ONLY IF THERE IS ANY FRUITY SMELL OF ALCOHOL OVER STOMACH
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
9. NOTE THE GENERAL FINDINGS NAMELY BODY LENGTH, TEETH IN EACH JAW, CONDITION OF EYE, RIGOR MORTIS, ETC
NOTE IF THERE IS ANY INJURY OVER THE BODY
1.DESCRIPTION OF STOMACH ON DISSECTION
2.Stomach is intact and contains _____ml of _________ colour fluid with fruity/offensive/pungent/organo phosphorus
like/etc. Mucosa is mildly/moderately/deeply congested. sub-mucosal haemorrhage is patchy/diffuse/absent.
EXAMINE THE DISSECTION FINDINGS OF KIDNEYS, LIVER, ETC
PRESERVE THE VISCERA
Stomach and its contents.
Loop of intestine ,atleast 50 cm
Piece of Liver, around 500 grams
Half of each kidney
Spleen
In 2 Jars , one each for hollow organ and solid organ. preserved in saturated common salt solution
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
11. WRITE THE GENERAL CONDITION OF THE BODY
BODY AND GENITALIA SWOLLEN OR NOT
PM PEELING/BLEBS PRESENT OVER SURFACE OR NOT
BODY LENGTH AND CONDITION OF TEETH IS IMPORTANT AND TO BE MENTIONED
NOTE THE INJURY IF ANY OVER THE BODY, DESCRIBE TYPE AND SIZE.
1.DISSECT HE ORGANS IF NOT FULLY DECOMPOSED AND MENTION THE FINDINGS
PRESERVE VISCERA ONLY IF CAUSE OF DEATH IS DOUBTFUL OR IF THERE IS ANY OTHER SMELL OVER
STOMACH OTHER THAN DECOMPOSITION
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
13. NOTE THE GENERAL FINDINGS NAMELY BODY LENGTH, TEETH IN EACH JAW, CONDITION OF EYE, RIGOR
MORTIS, ETC
NOTE THE SNAKE BITE MARK OVER THE BODY
1.DESCRIPTION
2.1/2 pinhead puncture wound present _____
cm apart over the __________________. On cut section
there is extravasation and infiltration,
oozing out sero sanguineous fluid.
EXAMINE THE DISSECTION FINDINGS OF KIDNEYS
PRESERVE VISCERA ONLY IF THERE IS ANY PUNGENT SMELL OF POISONING OVER STOMACH
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
15. NOTE THE GENERAL FINDINGS NAMELY BODY LENGTH, TEETH IN EACH JAW, CONDITION OF EYE, RIGOR
MORTIS, CLOTHES ARE WET OR NOT WITH VEGETETION OR NOT
NOTE THE INJURIES OVER THE BODY IF ANY
1.DESCRIPTION OF DISSECTION
2.Neck structures are intact. Frothy secretions are present inside the trachea and
bronchus along with mud particles which feels gritty on touching. Both the lungs
found to be voluminous with rib marking on costal surface, softened and edematous
exuding frothy watery fluid on cut sections. Petechial haemorrhages found
underneath the visceral pleurae/absent.
PRESERVE VISCERA ONLY IF THERE IS ANY FRUITY SMELL OF ALCOHOL OR PUNGENT SMELL OF POISONING
OVER STOMACH
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
17. NOTE THE GENERAL FINDINGS NAMELY BODY LENGTH, TEETH IN EACH JAW, CONDITION OF EYE, RIGOR
MORTIS, ETC
NOTE THE BURN INJURIES OVER THE BODY
1.DESCRIPTION
2.Infected/Not Dermo-epidermal burn injury with greenish/reddish brown/______ base present involving
________________Area involved_________________. Total body surface area involved is _________%.
Scalp Hair, /eyebrow,/eyelashes/ Axillary Hair, /Pubic hair is Burnt/Singed
EXAMINE THE DISSECTION FINDINGS OF Lungs, thoracic and abdominal cavity
PRESERVE VISCERA ONLY IF THERE IS ANY FRUITY SMELL OF ALCOHOL OR ANY HISTORY OR FEATURES OF
POISONING OVER STOMACH
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
19. NOTE THE GENERAL FINDINGS NAMELY BODY LENGTH, TEETH IN EACH JAW, CONDITION OF EYE, RIGOR
MORTIS, ETC
NOTE THE ELECTRICAL ENTRY WOUND AND EXIT, IF ANY
1.DESCRIPTION
2.Electrical entry wound of size _________ present over ____________ with heaped up margin.
3.Electrical contact wound of size _________ present over ____________ (with burn features)
EXAMINE THE DISSECTION FINDINGS OF Heart
PRESERVE VISCERA ONLY IF THERE IS ANY FRUITY SMELL OF ALCOHOL OR ANY HISTORY OR FEATURES OF
POISONING OVER STOMACH
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
31. BUNDLE OF BONES
1. Bones or not?
2. Human or not?
3. Age and Sex, stature from long bones
4. What and all bones present or any missing
5. Any injuries?
6. Cause of death speculation if injuries found
7. Samples to be preserved – Skull and/or mandible
for superimposition, Molar tooth and long bones
for DNA analysis.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
35. SNAKE BITE
• PIN HEAD puncture laceration separated by _____
cm present over ____. On cut section there is
oozing of serosanguinous fluid and infiltration of
soft tissues.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
36. SPINAL
• Injury in the neck …
• Mostly Swelling / Contusion / Bruise
• Abrasion or Abraded Contusion or Laceration may be
present.
• Other Injuries may be present
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
37. CEREBRAL
• Injury in the head …
• Swelling / Contusion / Bruise / Abrasion / Abraded
Contusion / Laceration may be present.
• Other Injuries may be present
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
38. CRANIO-CEREBRAL
• Injury in the head …
• Swelling / Contusion / Bruise / Abrasion / Abraded
Contusion / Laceration may be present.
• Other Injuries may be present
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
39. RTA CHEST
• Injury in the chest/ribs …
• Swelling / Contusion / Bruise / Abrasion / Abraded
Contusion / Laceration may be present.
• Other Injuries may be present
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
40. RTA ABDOMEN
• Injury in the abdomen …
• Swelling / Contusion / Bruise / Abrasion / Abraded
Contusion / Laceration may be present.
• Other Injuries may be present
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
41. ELECTROCUTION
• Electric Entry Wound
• Electric Contact Wound
• Electric Exit Wound May or may not be present
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
42. HAEMORRHAGE AND SHOCK -
RTA
• Abdominal/thoracic Wound
• Or Bone Fracture of major long bones with or
without dislocation and may be open or closed
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
43. UTERUS RUPTURE - LSCS
• Surgical stitched wound of LSCS of length 12 cm with 14 stitches over lower
abdomen.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
44. HANGING
• EXTERNAL INJURIES-
• Ligature mark in the form of pressure abrasion of reddish brown colour is
present over neck in the midline above thyroid cartilage. On the right side it
passes 4 cm below right angle of mandible and obliterates 6 cm below right
mastoid. On the left side it obliterates just below left angle of mandible.
Maximum width is 3 cm in the right side of neck.
• LIGATURE MATERIAL
• A soiled Brownish colour gamucha torn in the middle of length 156 centimetres
and width 74 centimetres. The twisted circumference is 6 centimetres.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
45. DROWNING
• NONE IN RESPECT OF DROWNING
• ANY OTHER MAY BE DUE TO TUMBLING AND
CONTACT WITH OBJECTS
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
47. PNEUMONIA / TB
• Pneumonia - Lungs are intact and pale with bilateral lower lobes consolidated
which on cut section shows gritty consistency and multiple pus points. ____ ml
of pleural effusion.
• TB - Lungs are intact and pale with bilateral lower lobes consolidated which on
cut section Oozes out cheesy pus material. pleural effusion may or may not be
there.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
48. SNAKE BITE
• Kidneys are intact, enlarged and congested. The cortico-medullary
differentiation in renal parenchyma is obliterated.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
49. SPINAL
• Fracture dislocation of ____ vertebrae with
contusion of surrounding soft tissues and muscles.
• Spinal Cord may or may not be transacted.
• Fracture dislocation of C2-C3 with surrounding contusions.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
50. CEREBRAL
• INURY TO
• SCALP
• DURA WILL BE TENSE
• BRAIN
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
51. CRANIO-CEREBRAL
• INURY TO
• SCALP
• SKULL WILL BE FRACTURED
• DURA WILL BE TENSE
• BRAIN
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
52. RTA CHEST
• Fracture of right /left _______ ribs on multiple lines with surrounding
contusions. Right/left lung has ____________ lobe lacerated/contused with ___
ml of blood in chest cavity.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
53. RTA ABDOMEN
• Liver , Spleen , Kidneys may be lacerated.
• Mesentry may be torn
• Retroperitoneal haematoma or blood in abdomen
cavity will be there
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
54. ELECTROCUTION
• Mostly due to conduction defects of heart death
will be there.
• Petechial haemorrhage over Anterior / Posterior /
Lateral Surface of Left/right ventricle will be there
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
55. HAEMORRHAGE AND SHOCK -
RTA
• All internal organs will be intact and grossly pale.
• Blood in pleural cavity / Peritoneal Cavity or
retroperitoneal haematoma may be there
• Laceration of major internal organ may be present
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
56. UTERUS RUPTURE - LSCS
• Peritoneal cavity contains _________of fluid/CLOTTED blood
• Uterus is enlarged/mildly enlarged of size ___x__x___cm with/without stitches
of LSCS over lower pole. Blood soaked gauge is present in vaginal canal.
• All other internal organs are intact and grossly pale.
• Stomach is intact and contains __________, Mucosa Healthy/Not Healthy.
• If Not Healthy preserve Viscera for toxicological Analysis.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
57. HANGING
• Skin below the ligature mark will be dry and
parchmentized.
• Hyoid bone may or may not be fractured.
• Trachea lumen will be deeply congested.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
58. DROWNING
• Frothy secretions are present inside the trachea and bronchus along with mud
particles.
• Both the lungs found to be voluminous overriding the mediastinum with rib
marking on costal surface, softened and edematous exuding blood tinged frothy
watery fluid on cut sections.
• Petechial haemorrhages found underneath the visceral pleurae. May or may not
be present
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
59. CAUSE OF DEATH /
OPINION IN THE
FOLLOWING
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
60. PNEUMONIA / TB
1) The above mentioned external injuries and the internal effects are ante
mortem in nature and internal effects are consistent with pulmonary
pneumonia/tuberculosis.
2) Death is due to pneumonitis and its complications thereof.
3) The time since death is within 36-48 hours at the time of autopsy.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
61. SNAKE BITE
1) The above mentioned external injuries are ante mortem in nature and
consistent with bite mark of venomous snake.
2) Death is due to snake bite and its complications thereof.
3) The time since death is within 12-24 hours at the time of autopsy.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
62. SPINAL
1) The above mentioned external injuries and the internal effects are ante
mortem in nature and could have been caused by hard and blunt force impact.
2) Death is due to spinal injuries and its complications thereof.
3) The time since death is within 02-06 hours at the time of autopsy.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
63. CEREBRAL
1) The above mentioned external injuries and the internal effects are ante
mortem in nature and could have been caused by hard and blunt force impact.
2) Death is due to cerebral injury and its complications thereof.
3) The time since death is within 02-06 hours at the time of autopsy.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
64. CRANIO-CEREBRAL
1) The above mentioned external injuries and the internal effects are ante
mortem in nature and could have been caused by hard and blunt force impact.
2) Death is due to cranio cerebral injury and its complications thereof.
3) The time since death is within 02-06 hours at the time of autopsy.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
65. RTA CHEST
1) The above mentioned external injuries and the internal effects are ante
mortem in nature and could have been caused by hard and blunt force impact.
2) Death is due to thoracic injuries and its complications thereof.
3) The time since death is within ______ hours at the time of autopsy.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
66. RTA ABDOMEN
1) The above mentioned external and internal injuries
are ante mortem in nature and could have been
caused by hard and blunt force impact.
2) Death is due to haemorrhage and shock resulting out
of above mentioned injuries.
3) The time since death is within _____ hours at the time
of autopsy.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
67. ELECTROCUTION
1) The above mentioned external injuries are ante mortem in nature and could
have been caused due contact with electrical current.
2) The cause of death is due to electrocution and its complications thereof.
3) The time since death is within 12-24 hours at the time of autopsy.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
68. HAEMORRHAGE AND SHOCK -
RTA
1) The above mentioned external and internal injuries are ante mortem in nature
and could have been caused by hard and blunt force impact.
2) Death is due to haemorrhage and shock resulting out of above mentioned
injuries.
3) The time since death is within _____ hours at the time of autopsy.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
69. UTERUS RUPTURE - LSCS
1) The above mentioned findings are ante mortem in nature and could have been
due to post-partum haemorrhage.
2) Death is due to haemorrhage and shock resulting out as a complication of
above mentioned condition.
3) The time since death is within ______ hours at the time of autopsy.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
70. HANGING
1) The above-mentioned external injury is ante mortem in nature
and is consistent with the ligature mark of antemortem hanging.
2) Death is due to combined effect of asphyxia and venous
congestion resulting out of antemortem hanging.
3) The ligature material is strong and tensile enough to bear the
weight and jerk of the body of the deceased.
4) The time since death is within 12-24 hours at the time of
autopsy.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
71. DROWNING
1) All the findings described above are ante mortem in nature and are consistent
with the findings of drowning.
2) Death is due to asphyxia as a result of ante mortem drowning.
3) The time since death is about ______hours.
@drPraveen Kumar Pradhan, FMT
