Bangladesh is considered to the the victim of geography. It faces both traditional and non-traditional security threats both from internal and external sources. These threats may threaten its territory, economy and its people at any time. This document tries to capture the main threats both military and non-military from internal and external sources in a nutshell. This document also tries to point out the doings to remove or tackle the threats. Bangladesh is a developing nation so its very necessary for her to manage the threats successfully.

1. WELCOME TO MY PRESENTATION
TITLE: TRADITIONAL AND NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY ISSUES IN BANGLADESH: AN ANALYSIS
Presented To: Course Adviser
PROF. GOBINDA CHAKRABORTY, PHD
Dept. of Political Science
University of Dhaka
Platform: Zoon
Date & Time: March 30, 2023 At: 12:00 PM
Arranged By: National University
Under CEDP Online Teachers Training Program
Batch: 30 (Online 18)
Presented By:
DR. MD. SYAM ALI KHAN
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, POLITICAL SCIENCE
NARAIL GOVT. VICTORIA COLLEGE, NARAIL
email: khan_syam@yahoo.com
Mobile: 01721950316

2. IDEA OF SECURITY AND SECURITY THREAT
WHAT SECURITY MEANS
Security means the protection and defense of State Sovereignty including its Citizens, Economy and Institutions
against Military Attack, Cyber Attack, Terrorism, Crime, and all forms of evil from State and Non-State Actors
including Natural Disasters. Any intimidation or coercion on the security issues is regarded as threat.
1. Traditional or Military Security 2. Non-Traditional or Non-Military Security
TRADITIONAL SECURITY
 State Centric
 Military Threat from External Power(s)
 Prime Concerns— 3 Securities
I. Idea of State (Sovereignty)
II. Physical Base of the State (Territory, Resources, Population)
III. Institutional Expressions (Constitution, Political System)
NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY
 Both State and Citizen Centric
 Military and Non-Military Threat from both Internal and External
 Prime Concerns— 4 Securities of the Citizens
I. Security from fear ii. Security from Want
iii. Security of Social Welfare iv. Security of Physical Safety
Types of Security : 2

3. BANGLADESH AND ITS SECURITY ISSUES
BANGLADESH
Bangladesh emerged as an independent State in 1971. It is a small state of nearly 56000 sq. miles. It is
densely populated but enjoying demographic dividend and economically developing and promising.
With this reality, Bangladesh faces many potential Traditional and Non-Traditional Security Threats
from both—i. External (Regional and Global) and ii. Internal Sources.
Its basic features are—
 Geographically – Victim
 Militarily- Small Power
 Politically – Fragile Democracy
 Regionally and Globally – Active Member of many Organizations including the UN but no Militarily Alignment.

4. TRADITIONAL SECURITY ISSUES / THREATS
2. MAYANMAR
i. South-East land border of 176 miles
ii. Coastal boundary of 257 miles in the South
iii. Aggressive Attitude
BANGLADESH FACES TRADITIONAL SECURITY THREATS FROM TWO SOURCES—
1. INDIA
i. Surrounded from 3 Sides—North, East and West
ii. 2566 miles of common boarder
3. Conditionally Land Locked: if the Bay of Bengal is blocked somehow by either of the two

5. NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY ISSUES / THREATS
2. REGIONAL FACTORS/ SOURCES
i. Transnational Organized Crimes
ii. Illegal Trafficking— Women and Children
iii. Illegal Trade— Arms, Narcotics and Drugs
iv. Money Laundering
v. Push-Back Push-In— Migrants and Refugees
BANGLADESH FACES NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY ISSUES / THREATS FROM 3 SOURCES—
I. GLOBAL II. REGIONAL & III. INTERNAL SOURCES
1. GLOBAL FACTORS / SOURCES
i. Systemic War— War between Super Powers (USA, CHINA, RUSSIA etc.)
ii. Traditional War— any war between States (Russia- Ukarain)
iii. New Wars— Terrorism, Political Violence, Ethnic Conflict, Sectarian Wars, Religious Extremism

6. NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY ISSUES / THREATS...
A. Political Polarization (ivR‰bwZK weiæ×Zv): may hamper
i. Dysfunctional Democracy
ii. Political institutions—Political System, Constitution, State Policy
iii. Decision Making
iv. Economic Activities
B. Poor Governance
i. Lack of Transparency
ii. Lack of Accountability
iii. Intellectual Decay
iv. Moral Decay
v. Corruption
3. INTERNAL FACTORS/ SOURCES
BANGLADESH FACES Internal Security Threats Primarily from 8 Sources. They are—

7. NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY ISSUES / THREATS...
C. Natural Disasters
i. Floods
ii. Cyclones—Sidr, Aila, Fani
iii. Lightning and Thunder Bolt
iv. Earth Quake
v. Land Fall
D. Economic
i. Globalization and Open Market
ii. Narrow Export Base
iii. Unemployment
iv. Gender Inequality
E. Radical Politics
i. Islamic Militancy
ii. External Linkages

8. NON-TRADITIONAL SECURITY ISSUES / THREATS...
F.. Ecological Degradation
i. Soil Degradation—Salinity, Water Logging, Fertilizer and Pesticides
ii. Pollution—Air, Water, Sound, Environment
iii. Deforestation
G. Proliferation of
i. Diseases— AIDS, FLU, DENGU etc.
ii. Pandemics—Corona, Ebola, Nipah Virus etc
iii. Epidemics— Cholera, Diarrhea etc.
H. Technological
i. Cyber Bullying— Race, Creed, Sex, Child
ii. Cyber Attack—Money and Security of Information

9. SURVIVAL STRATEGY
2. EXTERNAL BALANCING
i. Choosing Security Policy Options
ii. Making Military Alliance
iii. Non-Aligned Foreign Policy
iv. Following Strong Diplomacy
v. Enhancing Economic and Military Power
vi. Using Balance of Threat
vii. Showing Aggressive Attitude
BANGLADESH MAY ADOPT TWO TYPES OF SURVIVAL STRATEGIES— I. INTERNAL & II. EXTERNAL
I. INTERNAL BALANCING
i. Power Build-up
ii. Resource Mobilization
iii. Vigilance