classification up to class

1. CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI
CLASS LEVEL

2. • Cosmopolitan in distribution
• Body is thallus represented by Hyphae (Septate or aseptate)
• Cross septa of hyphae has small pore called dolipore
• Cell wall made up of fungal cellulose or chitin
• Interwoven hyphae in furiting body make false tissue called Plectenchyma
• Reserve food materials is glycogen or oil globule
• Reproduction by vegetative, asexual and sexual methods.
FUNG
Recap general characteristic of fungi

3. FUNGI

4. Fungi has four major classes

5. 1. Phycomycetes
Alexopolous, 1962, divided the Phycomycetes into
i. Oomycetes and ii. Zygomycetes
2.Ascomycetes
3. Basidiomycetes
4. Deuteromycetes.
Classification

6. Classification of fungi:
Based on reproduction structure and life cycle patterns fungi are,
1. Phycomycetes:
Includes about 250 genera and 1300 species
• They have comparatively simple thallus, may be unicellular or filamentous. Filamentous
body of fungi is known as hypha. Hypha is aseptate and coenocytic.
• They may be aquatic or terrestrial, parasitic or saprophytic.
• Asexual reproduction takes place by motile spore known as Zoospore and non-motile
spore.
• Sexual reproduction takes place by planogametic fusion, gametangial contact and
gametangial conjugation.
They are classified into two further types.

7. a) Oomycetes:
• They are mostly aquatic and parasitic. Only
few are saprophytic.
• Asexual reproduction takes place by
zoospore and sexual reproduction takes
place by planogametic fusion and
gametangial contact.
• The name oomycetes due to the formation
of diploid zygote known as oospore, e.g.
Phytopthora.
.
b) Zygomycetes (conjugation fungi):
• They are mostly terrestrial and saprophytic
and only some are parasitic.
• Asexual reproduction takes place by non-
motile spores. Sexual reproduction takes
place by conjugation.
• The name Zygomycetes due to the
formation of diploid Zygote called
zygospore, e.g. Mucor.
Phycomycetes:

8. PLANOGAMETIC COPULATION:
The fusion of two naked motile gametes
i.e, plano gametes is called planogametic
copulation.
Three types of planogamy can occur in
fungus based on their shape, size and
motility of fusing gametes-Isogamy,
Anisogamy, Oogamy.
GAMETANGIAL COPULATION:
The karyogamy is established when the entire content
of compatible gametangia fuses with each other
This happens in two ways:
1 the passage of contents of one gametangium into the
other through a pore developed in the gametangial wall
at the point of contact.
2 mix of two protoplasts is how the direct fusion of
gametangia takes place.
Other processes include Gametangial contact,
Spermatization, Somatogamy.

9. 2. Ascomycetes (sac fungi):
Incudes about 1650 genera and 12000 species
• They are mostly terrestrial, saprophytic and parasitic.
• Hypha is septate and branched but some species are unicellular.
• vegetative reproduction takes place by fragmentation budding and fission.
• Asexual reproduction takes place by conidia, chlymydospore etc.
• Sexual reproduction takes place by gametengial conjugation, somatogamy.
The species of it are called Sac fungi because they produce sexual spores within
the sac like ascus
• A sac like structure called ascus is form after fusion of male and female
gametes, The 8 ascospores are formed in the ascus i.e. endogenous in origin.
• e.g. Yeast

10. 3. Basidiomycetes (Club Fungi):
Incudes about 550 genera and 15000 species
• They are mostly terrestrial, saprophytic, parasitic and symbiotic.
• Hypha is septate and branched. Two types of hypha or mycelium are found,
i.e. primary mycelium, secondary mycelium. Primary mycelium is formed
by the germination of basidiospores. Secondary mycelium or dikaryotic cell is
formed by the fusion of 2 primary mycelium of opposite mating types.
• Asexual reproduction takes place by conidia and chlymydospore etc.
• Sexual reproduction takes place by somatogamy. The two nucleus of
dikaryotic mycelium fused to form club shaped zygote called basidia.
• Four basidiospores arise from a basidium and they are exogenous in origin.

11. 4. Deuteromycetes (Fungi imperfecti):
Those fungi in which perfect stage (sexual reproduction) is unknown or
absent but reproduce by the only asexual method are called fungi imperfecti
and are placed in form class Deuteromycetes.
1300 Genera and 11000 species
• They are mostly terrestrial and parasitic. Only few are saprophytes.
• Hypha is septate and branched.
• Asexual reproduction takes place by conidia, oidia and
chlymydospore.
• Sexual reproduction is absent so they are known as fungi imperfect,
e.g. Alternaria.

12. CLASS EXAMPLES
SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
HYPHAE
Phycomycetes
Oomycetes
Zygomycetes
Phytophthora
Mucor
Resting spore
Zygospore
Non motile,
sporangiospore
Coenocytic
Multinucleate
Ascomycetes
Yeast, Morels,
Truffles
Ascospore
Conidia cut from
conidiosphore
Septate and dikaryotic
phase
Basidiomycetes
Mushrooms,
Rust, smuths
Basidiospore Uncommon
Septate, lengthy, dikaryotic
phase
Deuteromycete
s
Aspergillus,
Pencillium,
Alternaria
No-Sexual reproduction
reported
Conidia
Summary (Classification of Fungi)