The document discusses the history and development of paper and papermaking techniques. It originated in China in the 2nd century AD and spread to other parts of Asia and Europe. Different types of paper were used for calligraphy, illuminated manuscripts, and as drawing became more common in the 13th century. The document then describes 25 different types of papers used for various drawing techniques and media like graphite, charcoal, ink and paints. It discusses the origins and development of papermaking.

1. FNA -200
UNIT -1
Drawing Paper and Technique

2. History of paper -
• Paper and the pulp-making process is said to have
developed in China in the 2nd century A.D. Before that,
the Chinese produced ink drawings and paintings on silk.
The process of making paper spread from China, through
the Middle East, and into Europe by the 13th century.
Some of the most beautiful examples of drawing during
this time can be found in the practice of calligraphy, which
is a type of artful writing done with a brush or pen.
• The Drunken Monk, Li Gonglin, Chinese, ca. 1049 – 1106, Southern Song Dynasty, ink
and color on paper

3. • European Monasteries from the 7th to 15th centuries produced beautiful,
hand illustrated manuscripts filled with calligraphy on vellum or
parchment made from animal hides. One of the oldest examples of the
illuminated manuscript is the Codex Vaticanus, which has been dated to
the 4th century.
• Drawings were preparatory studies and practice for beginning artists so
they could eventually paint with accuracy. The illuminated manuscripts are
the closest we get to drawing since the prehistoric artists, until the early
Renaissance.
• In about the 13th century, papermaking techniques arrived in Europe.
Making paper was easier and less time consuming than stretching,
cleaning, and drying animal hides for vellum and artists began using paper
more and more frequently. Even still, drawings weren’t considered fine
art. Due to the lack of reverence paid them as well as poor conservation,
not many drawings still exist from this time period.

4. • Here is a classic example of drawing being used as study for
other works; Albrecht Durer has made separate small
preparatory sketches on one sheet of paper. They are not
intended to make one finished and coherent drawing. Rather,
they are studies that share a single piece of paper.
•

5. 25 Different Types of Drawing Paper
• Acid Free Paper
• Acid free paper does not have acid in it. It is the opposite of
acid paper. The paper may have been treated to make it
acid free.
• The treatment includes buffering with calcium carbonate to
neutralize the acid in the paper. This acid is absorbed
through the age or as the paper ages. When paper is not
acid free, it will become yellow, which impacts the artwork.
• Acrylic Paper
• Acrylic paper is both a delicate linen and textured paper
that is an ideal size for use with acrylic. Graphite pencil and
acrylic are ideal mediums for this paper.

6. • Bristol Paper –
• Bristol paper is a cotton fiber type of paper. It is usually
multi-ply but can be found in one-ply and three-ply. One-ply
is ideal for tracing. Bristol is versatile and durable. It has
come to represent a high standard for drawing paper. It can
also be found with a vellum finish.
• Canvas Paper
• Canvas textured paper is ideal for oil and acrylic because it is
sized so that the oil does not seep to the sides of the paper.
This paper is ideal for practicing techniques for using paint.

7. • Cellulose Fiber Paper
• Cellulose fiber paper is made from wood pulp and the most
common paper you will find. This paper is acidic but can
handle different writing implements and erasing.
• Charcoal Paper
• Charcoal paper is 100 percent cotton with a finish that is
unique. Charcoal paper is considered a laid paper. It gives you
precise control over your medium for shading purposes.
• Cold Press Paper
• Cold press paper has been smoothly a little from a cold finish.
Cold press paper does not have as much texture and has a
weaker tooth than paper that is considered rough paper.

8. • Cotton Fibre Paper
• Cotton fiber is the most durable paper you can find. It is of the
highest quality and can handle the most erasing.
• Drawing Paper
• Drawing paper is most often used for finished work but
also for sketching. It is a higher quality and heavier paper
than sketch paper. Soft pastel, oil pastel, charcoal, dry
monochromes, graphite, markers, and pen and ink are
the best mediums for this type of paper.

9. • Hot Press Paper
• Hot press paper undergoes a process that is similar to
ironing clothes to smooth the paper. The hot press allows
you to have the most details on your paper. This type of
paper is ideal for drafting, etching, printmaking, or polished
sketching.
Layout Bond Paper
• Layout bond paper is most often used my comic artists,
designers, and calligraphers. It is a semi opaque paper.
Layout bond paper can be used with many mediums,
including chalk, monochrome pencils, graphite, a colored
pencil, and charcoal. In addition, it is often used for finished
drawings, roughs, and tracing paper.

10. • Marker Paper
• Marker paper is heavyweight, making it ideal to be used for
markers. It has a super smooth surface which allows you to
blend while keeping the markers from bleeding and
feathering.
• Mixed Media Paper
• Mixed media paper is a newer type of paper in the art world.
This paper was intended to do exactly as its name suggests,
which is to withstand many different types of media.
Newsprint Paper
• Newsprint paper is ideal for beginning sketchers or those who
like to sketch out an idea before committing to it.
Unfortunately, newsprint paper is not acid free paper, and it
gets yellow with time.

11. • Oil Painting Paper
• Oil painting paper is paper that is linen textured. It is
appropriately sized, so the oil does not seep to the side of the
paper.
• Palette Paper
• Palette paper is a paper that is poly-coated and used
specifically as a palette for mixing paints. It is meant to be
disposable. This allows you to continue to paint and create
without having to worry about cleaning a palette.
• Pastel Paper
• Pastel paper is unique because it is smooth on one side and
slightly rougher on the other. The rough side has a pebbled
type of surface.

12. • Printmaking Paper
• Printmaking paper is a versatile and heavy weight paper. It is
the perfect size for a large number of printing inks. It is used
for many drawing styles such as woodblock, lithography, fine
drawing, and aquatint.
Sandpaper
• Believe it or not, sandpaper can be used for drawing. This light
sandpaper is intended for heavy application of media while
remaining rough.
• Sketching Paper
• Sketch Paper is most often used for practice, experimenting
with new media, and a quick mark up of what will be
completed on a heavier paper. Sketch paper is lighter than
drawing paper.

13. • Tracing Paper
• Tracing paper is transparent and lightweight. It is used to
transfer images from one paper to another or for tracing.
• Toned Paper
• Toned paper comes in shades: blue, gray, and tan. The tone of
this paper gives you the ability to sketch and draw on
• mid-range colored paper to give it a different look.
• Vellum Paper
• Vellum is a paper that is translucent and has a variety of uses,
especially for arts and crafts.

14. • Watercolourssss Paper -
• Watercolor paper is the largest category of paper. It comes
in a wide variety of weights and textures. Typical weights
include 90 lb, 140 lb, and 300 lb. The higher the weight
means, the stiffer the paper is.

15. • Cartridge Paper – Best for Dry Media
The paper most commonly associated with drawing
is cartridge paper. It is so-called because it was used
in the making of paper cartridges in the sixteenth
century, holding the ammunition of gunpowder and
bullets together for loading into hand-held firearms.

16. • Types of drawing
• Caricature drawing. Caricature drawings are
images that depict their subjects in oversimplified
or overdramatized manners. ...
• Cartoon drawing. ...
• Figure drawing. ...
• Gesture drawing. ...
• Line drawing. ...
• Perspective drawing. ...
• Photorealism. ...

17. • Paper technology likely arrived in India from China
through Tibet and Nepal around mid-7th century,
when Buddhist monks freely traveled, exchanged
ideas and goods between Tibet and Buddhist centers
in India.
• In India, the first paper industry was developed in
Kashmir, established by Sultan Zainul Abedin (Shahi
Khan) of Kashmir in 1417-67 AD. Actually his father
Sultan Sikander (c.1386-1410) was ruling over
Kashmir at the time of Timur's invasion of India (AD
1398).

18. • Paper is made in two steps:
• Cellulose fibers are extracted from a variety of sources and
converted to pulp.
• Pulp is combined with water and placed on a paper making
machine where it is flattened, dried, and cut into sheets and rolls.
• Most paper is made from forestry products, usually trees. The most
common of trees that paper comes from are:
• Spruce
• Pine
• Fir
• Larch
• Hemlock
• Eucalyptus
• Aspen
• Birch

19. • Papermaking is often traced to an official in the Imperial
Chinese court called Cai Lun (Tshai Lun or T'sai Lun), during
the Han Dynasty and in about 105 AD. Cai Lun created
writing paper using mulberry and other bast fibres along with
fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste, but did not invent
papermaking. Papermaking is the manufacture
of paper and cardboard, which are used widely for printing,
writing, and packaging, among many other purposes. Today
almost all paper is made using industrial machinery, while
handmade paper survives as a specialized craft and a medium
for artistic expression.

20. • Hemp paper had been used in China for wrapping and
padding since the eighth century BCE. Paper with legible
Chinese writings on it has been dated to 8 BCE.
• In the 8th century, papermaking spread to the Islamic world,
where the process was refined, and machinery was designed
for bulk manufacturing. Production began
in Samarkand, Baghdad, Damascus, Cairo, Morocco, and
then Muslim Spain.