This document discusses herbal medicines and bioactive compounds for treating hepatitis B. It outlines 9 medicinal plants traditionally used to treat hepatitis B including Phyllanthus, Scutellaria balcalensis, Rheum palmatum, Sophora flavescens, Astragalus, Artemisia capillaris, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Polygonum cuspidatum, and Curcuma longa. It also describes 6 bioactive compounds that have shown anti-hepatitis B effects: esculetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, wogonin, ellagic acid, helioxanthin, and oxymatrine. These compounds were found to

1. HERBAL MEDICINE AND ITS
BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FOR
TREATMENT OF HEPATITIS B

2. CONTENTS:
• Introductions.
• Medicinal Plants using For Treatment of Hepatitis B virus.
1. Phyllanthus
2. Scutellaria Balcalensis
3. Rheum Palmatum
4. Sophora Flavescens
5. Astragalus L
6. Artemisia Capillaris
7. Salvia Miltiorrhiza
8. Polygonum Cuspidatum
9. Curcuma Longa
• Bioactive compound from the Medicinal plants for
the Treatment of HBV.
1- Esculetin 2- Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate
3- Wogonin 4-Ellagic Acid
5- Helioxanthin 6- Oxymatrine

3. Introductions
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the
hepatitis B virus (HBV) which is one of the most
serious public health problems in the world.
WHO, in 2015, the global has over 257 million
cases of hepatitis B transmission
HBV causes chronic hepatitis, which can
progress to cirrhosis, HBV chronic is one of the
causes of hepatocellular carcinoma
In Western countries
most of Africa and Asia
• Infections through blood,
• from child to child
• Touch in household surroundings,
• From mother to child

4.  HBV infection
first time may be asymptomatic, sickness for several days or weeks, or getting
sick very quickly
 Symptoms
may appear after 6 months such as
 fatigue,
 loss of appetite
 mild fever,
 nausea,
 vomiting,
 dark urine, and yellow skin.
Over time, people with chronic HBV
can develop symptoms of cirrhosis and liver cancer in 15% - 40% .
Pathogenesis ;
HBV is considered by two factors:
 The cause of liver hurt is elevated
levels of HBV reproduction and infected hepatocytes accumulate viral products.
 HBV infection may be either straight cytopathic, noncytopathic, or ablend of both in a
private patient hang onaccumulating viral products.

5. Some medicines to treat chronic HBV infection,
including;
• oral nucleotide (Adefovir, Tenofovir)
• nucleoside (Lamivudine, Telbivudine,
Entecavir) viral inhibitors
• subcutaneous interferon or peg interferon
resistant.
Interferon or peg interferon has side effects
such as fatigue, headache, high fever

6. MEDICINAL PLANTS USING FOR TREATMENT
OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS
Medicinal plants have been shown effective to inhibit hepatitis B virus activities
with increased liver function.
• Phyllanthus
The genus of Phyllanthus is spread over the tropical and subtropical countries with
approximately 1000 species and used as herbal medicine to treat chronic liver disease.
 Anti-viral herbs of Phyllanthus species
P.amarus,P.niruri, P.urninaria Several compounds were
identified including alkaloids,
flavonoids,terpenes, lignans,
phenols, tannins, lactones,
flavonoids
 P. amarus
gale of the wind
interfere with HBV mRNA transcription invitro

7.  P.niruri
inhibits endogenous DNA polymerase and
binds to the HbsAg of hepatitis B virus in-vitro
 P.urinaria strongly affects HBV including
mechanisms
intracellular HbsAg formation inhibition,
suppressing HbsAg and HbcAg secretion,
decreasingHBV DNA levels
seed-under-leaf
chamber bitter,

8. Scutellaria balcalensis
Chinese skullcap
Flowering plant
Genus Lamiaceae
Main application of this plant is the dried root
The main active ingredients of these herbs are
flavones including baicalin, wogonin, baicalein
with a wide range of pharmacological
functions. These
flavones have the benefit on the nervous
system, immune system, live function, anti-
cancer, anti-bacterial,
anti-viral, antioxidant
a flavonoid isolated from S. balcalensis dried root
Reduced inflammation in the normal live cell stimulated by lipopolysaccharide via up
regulating TUG1( taurine- up- regulated) gene --- protein coding

9. Rheum palmatum is an herbaceous perennial
family Polygonaceae
isolated in ethanol extract are anthraquinones
including emodin, rhein, physcion,
chrysophanol,
aloe-emodin, chrysophanol 8-O-β-D -glucoside
Rheum palmatum L. has various
pharmacological effects
such as anti-viral, liver failure, anti-metastatic,
hepatitis and renal failure, antioxidant activity,
anti- SARS
coronavirus
Rheum palmatum ethanol extract and
anthraquinones can inhibit HBV-DNA
production and HbsAg expression
Chinese rhubarb
Rheum Palmatum

10. Sophora
Flavescens
shrubby sophora
• Fabaceae family
herbal possess various benefits including
antitumor, antimicrobial, antipyretic,
antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory
pharmacological abilities
It contains matrine,
sophoridine, sophocarpine,
lehmannine, sophoramine,
oxymartine,
oxysophocarpine, cytosine
and aloperine
The aqueous extracts of Sophora flavescens can repress the hepatitis B virus activity
and major compounds consisted of oxymatrine, sophoranol and matrine that were useful
substances anti-HBV production
Sophora flavescens
polysaccharides were demonstrated to
protect hepatocytes by reducing
hepatocytes apoptosis, prevent
neutrophils and macrophages into live
and improved IFN- γ and IL-6 of
splenocytes in ConA-induced
hepatitis mice, against HBsAg and HbeAg
excretion in HepG2.2.25 cells

11. Astragalus L
milkvetch
genus of the legume
family Fabaceae
subfamily Faboideae
Distributed in template regions of the world with
over 2,000 species.
 used to protect the liver,
antioxidative, immunostimulant and
antiviral effects.
• polysaccharides,
• Saponins
• phenolics
 Astragalus polysaccharide has functions to
enhance the immune responses and
adjuvant of HBV DNA vaccine in mice.

12. Artemisia Capillaris
WORMWOOD
 Artemisia family
 500 species
Its leaf has a wide range of benefits including antimalarial, antihepatotoxic, antibacterial,
antifungal, antioxidant and particularly anti-viral hepatitis
among various substances of the 90% ethanol
Pumilaside A isolated from the 90% ethanol
extract of
Artemisia capillaris was the strongest
inhibitory to the HBsAg and HbeAg
(secretion and the replication of HBV DNA

13.  Salvia Miltiorrhiza
Labiatae family,
pharmacological effects including
antioxidant activity, anti-microbial, anti-viral,
anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory,…
red sage
 For a long time, it has been conjugated with
other drugs to effectively cure chronic HBV
infection suchas bufotoxin, Polyporus
umbellatus polysaccharide
 Protocatechuic aldehyde was isolated from
Salvia miltiorrhiza prevented usefully HBV
replication both in vitro and in vivo.
 Salvia miltiorrhiza and this plant’s
active ingredients are necessary for deeper
preclinical and clinical studies.

14. Polygonum Cuspidatum
Japanese knotweed
Polygonaceae
herbal’s dried root
 good health effects such as treating cough,
leucorrhea, snake bites, antiviral,
antimicrobial,
 it was one of the top five traditional
medicines to be used for clinical HBV-
infected treatment in China  The ethanol extract of P. cuspidatum, as
well as the water extract, suppressed
HBV replication dose-dependently but the
expression of HBsAg was enhanced
 The identified components of this plant
consist of quinones, stilbenes, flavonoids,
coumarins, and ligan
 Polydatin isolated from P.cuspidatum can
protect hepatocytes induced by CCl4 .

15. Curcuma Longa
Rhizomes
family, Zingiberaceae
Turmeric
Curcumin is the most important ingredient of curcuminoids and has a wide range of
pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial,
cardiovascular and gastrointestinal
 curcuminoids that make the turmeric yellow color
In vitro, the water extract of Curcuma longa
inhibited the hepatitis B virus production by
increasing level of p53 protein.

16. Curcumin,
A phenolic substance, suppresses HBV gene
expression, and replication through reducing
PGC-1 alpha
regulation that enhanced the transcription of
the hepatitis B virus
 In another study, the author presented that curcumin decreased both HBsAg and
HbeAg expression and also reduced HBV- DNA replication and HBV cccDNA with a
dose of 20 μmol/L curcumin for 2 days in HepG2.2.15 cells
 curcumin is the strongly effective of anti-HBV candidates and need
deeper studies in clinical and preclinical.

17. BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM THE MEDICINAL
PLANT FOR TREATMENT OF HBV
Esculetin
derivative of coumarin
isolated from Microsorium fortunei (Moore)
Ching.
• antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on sucrose
• inhibits HBV replication in vitro and in vivo.
esculetin can significantly decrease the expression of Hepatitis B virus
X (HBx) protein
• a potent inhibitory effect; inhibiting HBV DNA is dose-dependent,
but not time-dependent

18. Helioxanthin
is a substance belonging to the lignans group
found in Taiwania cryptomerioides
Hayata
• prevent the expression and replication of HBV in HCC cells
• To clarify Helioxanthin’s anti-HBV activity ---by the luciferase
reporter assay
• inhibits the surface antigen promoter II (SPII) and core promoter (CP)
Chinese coffintree

19. Oxymatrine
quinolizidine alkaloid compounds,
extracted from the Sophora japonica
• has a variety of effects such as protection against apoptosis, tumor and fibrotic
tissue development, and inflammation
• oxymatrine also works to improve heart failure, arrhythmia, reduce
perfusion, and myocardial injury.
• Oxymatrine inhibits the hepatitis B virus

20. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate
is a flavonoid catechin, found in the green tea
plant (Camellia sinensis).
• is a substance that has a variety of effects
such as anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-
inflammatory, anti-fibrosis
• inhibited the HBeAg and HBsAg excretion in
HepG2 2.2.15 cells in a dose and time-
dependent manner.

21. Wogonin
highly biologically active flavonoid,
isolated from Scutellaria radix
• Wogonin has a variety of effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-infection, anti-cancer,
and liver disease treatment.
• wogonin can inhibit production (HBsAg) in cell culture without causing toxicity
• wogonin decreased HBV DNA level in a dose dependent manner

22. Ellagic Acid
natural antioxidant,
found in Phyllanthus niruri
• Ellagic acid is resistant to HBV by blocking HBeAg secretion in HepG2 2.2.15 cells
without inhibiting HBV replication, HBV polymerase activity, or blocking HBsAg
secretion as a mechanism of some other substances.