This document provides an overview of nutrition, dietetics, and related topics. It defines nutrition and dietetics, discusses important nutrients, and describes digestion and metabolism. The roles of energy balance, basal metabolic rate, dietary guidelines, and food choices are outlined. Key concepts covered include what constitutes a calorie versus kilocalorie, guidelines for daily calorie and nutrient intake, and how to calculate basal metabolic rate and daily calorie needs.

1. An overview of Nutrition
By Prof.dr.irFaisal

2. Outlines
• Nutrition
• Dietetics
• Nutrients
• Digestion and Metabolism
• Energy balance
• Basal metabolic rate
• Dietary guidelines and RDA,DRI
• Food choices based factors

3. Pop quizzes
What is Nutrition?
What is dietetics ?
What is Nutrients?

4. Nutrition & Dietetics
• Nutrition
• Science
• Nutrients composition of food
• The role of nutrients in health
and disease
• Fetal growth and development
• Food intake,RDA,DRI
• Calories intake
• Nutrient-drug interaction
• Nutrient-gene interaction
• Digestion, absorption,
utilization, excretion
• Energy metabolism
• Dietetics
• Practice
• Human diet
• Diet regulation
• Diet processing
• Diet formulas
• Diet therapy
• Dietary approaches
• Enteral & parenteral
diet therapy

5. Macro and micro-nutrients

6. Digestion
• Purpose is to mechanically (with teeth and
muscular contractions) and chemically (with
enzymes) break down food to allow nutrients
to be absorbed into the bloodstream.
• Food is broken down into macro- and
micronutrients.
• Calories (a measure of energy) are obtained
that are needed to power all cellular
processes.

7. Metabolism
• A series of chemical reactions in living
organisms that create or breakdown energy
necessary for:
• Physical activity
• Physiological activity
• Maintaining body temperature

8. What is Energy Balance
• Energy balance is the difference between
your energy input—or the number of
calories that you put into your body—and
your energy output, or the number of
calories you burn each day.

12. What is the difference between calories and
kilocalories (kcals)?
 A kilocalorie is another word for what's commonly
called a calorie, so 1,000 calories will be written as
1,000 kcals.
 A kilocalorie is the amount of heat required to raise
the temperature of the body.
 The difference between calories and kilojoules is they're
two different ways of measuring the energy contained in
food and the energy we expend. You can convert calories
to kilojoules by multiplying the calories by 4.2.

13. Dietary guidelines of calories and
RDI/RDA

14. Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
BMR is the number of calories your body uses to
maintain vital functions, such as breathing, heart rate,
and brain function. BMR is also known as your body’s
metabolism; therefore, any increase to your exercise,
will increase your BMR.
Once you’ve determined your BMR, you can begin to
monitor how many calories a day you need to
maintain or lose weight.

15. BMR Calculator

18. How many calories healthy adult
does need per day?
Calculating using Harris benedict formula

23. Take home questions
1. Hani aged 34 years often consumes 8400 kilojoules per
day. How many kcal and gram of, carbs, fat and protein
should he be consuming each day?
2. A very active 47years old male. He is 165cm tall and
weighs 75 kg. What is his BMR and how many calories
approximately needs per day?

24. References
• Clinical Nutrition in practice 2010
Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
• Understanding of clinical nutrition PDF
• Websites