golden proportion;RED and Golden Percentage

1. EVALUATION OF MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH IN RELATION TO GOLDEN PROPORTION,
RED PROPORTION AND GOLDEN PERCENTAGE- A CLINICAL STUDY
Background:
Maxillary anterior teeth bear a significant effect in aesthetic dentistry as their facial aspects are widely visible during smiling. One
of the most important and critical tasks in aesthetic dentistry is creating a harmonious proportion when restoring or replacing
teeth. Concept of golden proportion has often been offered as a cornerstone of smile design theory.1RED proportion as proportion
of successive width of teeth remaining constant when progressing distally from the midline as viewed from front.2 Snow
considered bilateral analysis of apparent individual tooth width of six anterior teeth.
Golden percentage or golden mean suggests that the mesiodistal width of each tooth should be: Canine 10%, lateral 15%, Central
25%, Central 25%, lateral 15% and canine 10% of the total distance across the anterior segment in order to achieve an
esthetically pleasing smile as view from front.3No literature in Nepal that provides data for occurrence of different proportions in
maxillary anterior teeth.
Methodology:
Cross sectional observational study, conducted at NAMS, NASMS,PAHS.
Non-probability sampling technique was utilized. On calculation the sample size was
calculated be 63.
18
15
Aryan Mongoloid
Distribution of sex
Total Percentage of observed golden
proportion in population
Percentage of golden proportion in
Aryan and Mongoloid
LI= CI*62% C=LI*62%
26.19% 27.77%
LI= CI*62% C=LI*62%
Aryan 13.63% 18.18%
Mongoloid 21% 26.66%
0.069
0.617
0.549
0.032
0.718
0.0883
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Left Canine Right Canine Left Lateral incisor Right Lateral incisor Left Central incisor Right Central incisor
Pair 4 Pair 5 Pair 6
P Value of Aryan
P value of Mongoloid
Golden Percentage of Aryan and Mongoloid
0.333
0.026
0.742
0.01
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Left Lateral incisor/Central incisor Right Lateral incisor/Central incisor Left Canine/Lateral incisor Right Canine/Lateral incisor
Pair 7 Pair 8
P value of aryan
P value of mongoloid
RED Proportion of Aryan and Mongoloid
Conclusion:
Golden percentage may serve as guideline in arrangement of the teeth in edentulous patients and while replacement of
anterior teeth in FPD. According to the findings of this study, the golden proportion theory is not applicable in this population. Influence of
sex was not statistically significant while considering golden proportion and golden percentage. However in case of Mongoloid female
respondents the RED proportion was statistically significant.
Measurements for Each Proportion
Golden Proportion:
Width of central incisor x 62/100 = Width of Lateral Incisor
Width of Lateral incisor x 62/100 = Width of Canine
RED Proportion:
Lateral incisor /Central incisor x 100 = Canine/ Lateral incisor x 100
Golden Percentage:
Central incisor/ Total width of all six maxillary anterior teeth x 100 = 25%
Lateral incisor/ Total width of all six maxillary anterior teeth x 100 = 15 %
Canine / Total width of all six maxillary anterior teeth x 100 = 10%
0.703
0.09
0.499
0.013
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Left Lateral incisor/Central Incisor Right Lateral Canine/Central Incisor Left Canine/Lateral incisor Right Canine/Lateral incisor
Pair 7 Pair 8
P Value of Male
P value of Female
RED proportion in male and female
0.052
0.779
0.884
0.38
0.604
0.403
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Left Canine Right Canine Left Lateral incisor Right Lateral incisor Left Central incisor Right Central incisor
Pair 4 Pair 5 Pair 6
P Value of Male
P value of Female
Golden percentage of Male and Female