Dr. Amit Purushottam carcs.in 6299893489(Whats App Only)

1. carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

2. Dr. Amit Purushottam
Carcs.in
6299893489(Whats App Only)
Literature Review
carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

3. What is Literature Review?
The review of the literature is defined as a
broad, comprehensive, in-depth,
systematic, and critical review of DATA
BASE on the particular topic.
carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

4. The Literature Review
• The review of the literature is traditionally
considered a systematic and critical review of the
most important published scholarly literature on a
particular topic.
• Scholarly literature refer to published and
unpublished data based literature and conceptual
literature materials found in print and non print
forms. (audiovisual, samples, interview)
• Data based literature reports of completed
research
• Conceptual research reports of theories,
concepts carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

5. Literature Review
Conceptual literature Data Based Literature
Theoretical literature
Scholarly non research
literature
Scholarly work
Review of the literature
article
Concept analysis article
Empirical Literature
Scientific Literature
Research Literature
Scholarly Research
Literature
Research Study
Study

6. Relationship Of Literature Review To Theory,
Research, Education And Practice
Research
PracticeEducation
Theory
Review of
Literature
carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

7. What is a Literature Review
A Lit Review is NOT:
• a report that summarizes
• a research paper, articles
and books about many
different topics
• a list of important research,
presented, chronologically
(in most cases)
A Lit Review IS :
• surveys scholarly articles,
books, and journals
relevant to your narrow
topic.
• provides a description,
summary, and critical
evaluation of each
scholarly work.
• provides an overview of
the significant literature
published on your topic
carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

8. Why Literature Review?
A guide for the reader to understand
Theoretical background – past, present or future
Practice – previous or contemporary
Methodology and/or research methods (old ones)
Previous findings
Rationale and/or relevance of the current study
Where reality may be different to what is believed
Where more research is needed
How research in the area has been carried out –
strengths and limitations
The main theories and issues on your topic and
critique of these
carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

9. Why Literature Review?
 Determines what is known about a subject,
concept or problem
 Determines gaps, consistencies &
inconsistencies about a subject, concept or
problem
 Discovers unanswered questions about a
subject, concept or problem
 Describes strengths & weaknesses of designs,
methods of inquiry and instruments used in
earlier works
carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

10. Primary Steps of Searching the Literature
Determine concept/issue/topic/problem
Conduct computer (and/or hand) search
Weed out irrelevant sources before printing
Organize sources from printout for retrieval
Retrieve relevant sources
Conduct preliminary reading and weed out irrelevant
sources
Critically read each source (summarize & critique each
source)
Synthesize critical summariescarcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

11. Advance Steps to a Lit Review
Problem formulation:
which topic or field is being examined and what are
its component issues?
Literature search:
Find materials relevant to the subject being
explored
Data evaluation:
determine which literature makes a significant
contribution to the understanding of the topic
Analysis and interpretation:
discuss the findings and conclusions of pertinent
literature carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

12. Questions to raise during reading
Questions to consider:
What is the issue ?
What is the conceptual approach?
What is the author’s theoretical approach?
How good is the study design?
How valid are the results?
Are there flaws in the logic of the discussion?
How does the work contribute to the discipline’s
understanding of the problem?
what problems has the author avoided or ignored?carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

13. What are the key
sources?
What are the
major issues and
debates about the
topic?
What are the
political
standpoints?
What are the
origins and
definitions of the
topic?
How is knowledge
on the topic
structured and
organised?
What are the
main questions
and problems that
have been
addressed to
date?
What are the
epistemological
and ontological
grounds for the
discipline?
What are the key
theories, concepts
and ideas?
Literature search
and review on
your topic
Writing LR And Answers To Make (Hart 14)
How have
approaches to
these questions
increased our
understanding
and knowledge?
carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

14. Preparing Write UP (for thesis)
• Prepare a plan of your review
Introduction (name of the data base, author,
publication )
Summarising the research
Theoretical background dealt in the data base
Practical paraphernalia
Relation to the topic you are working on
What is so important in the data base that can
help your research
What are the loopholes of the data base (why a
new research)
Conclusion
carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

15. Preparing Write UP (for paper)
Organize according to topic and themes.
 Provide context by defining or introducing the problem/issue
to be discussed.
 Identify trends in publications, problems in research,
conflicting theories.
 Establish your purpose in reviewing the literature.
(Group studies according to commonalities–)
approach, attitude, findings.
 Summarize individual studies (main source).
 Summarize major schools of thought or perspectives.
 Evaluate the current body of knowledge.
 Conclude by explaining how your study will add to the body of
knowledge. carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

16. Example (paper)
Most of the professional and scholarly literature on downtown development has
neglected small cities. Frieden and Sagalyn's (1999) widely cited book Downtown,
Inc. concentrates on large scale projects in Seattle, Boston, St. Paul, and San
Diego, while Loukaitou-Sideris and Banerjee (1998) profile Los Angeles, San
Francisco, and San Diego in their book on downtown design. Almost all the
examples provided in Whyte (1988), Abbott (1993), and Robertson (1995) are
from large cities, and Brooks and Young (1993) use New Orleans as their case
study. The Downtown Development Handbook (McBee, 1992), considered by
many to be the bible of downtown development, is heavily dependent on
projects in large cities to illustrate key points. Articles addressing a particular
downtown development strategy such as retailing (Robertson, 1997; Sawicki,
1989), stadiums (Noll & Zimbalist, 1997; Rosentraub, Swindell, Pryzbylski, &
Mullins, 1994), pedestrianization (Byers, 1998; Robertson, 1993), and open space
(Loukaitou-Sideris, 1993; Mozingo, 1989) all emphasize large cities as well. The
professional magazine Urban Land has published numerous articles on downtown
development in recent years, most of which feature a single large city (Holt 127)
carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

17. Primary and Secondary Sources
Primary source: is written by a person(s) who
developed the theory or conducted the
research
By Alan Turing
_________________________________________
Secondary source: is written by a person(s) other
than the individual who developed the theory
or conducted the research
On Alan Turing / On The Cryptanalysis
carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

18. The Role of Secondary Sources
Two general reasons for using secondary sources:
1. A primary sources is literally unavailable
2. A secondary source can provide different ways
of looking at an issue or problem
Secondary sources should not be overused
carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

19. Pitfalls of Secondary Sources
• All of the theory’s concepts or aspects of the
study and/or definitions may not be fully
presented
• If all concepts or aspects are included, the
definitions may be collapsed or paraphrased to
such a degree that it no longer represents the
theorist’s actual work
• The critique (whether positive or negative) is
based on the presentation of incomplete or
interpreted data and therefore less useful to
the consumer carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

20. Common Problems
DO NOT:
Include every source found relevant to the topic
Include source in an odd sequential order
> (always Chronology/ primary-secondary)
Summarize without relating the source to the topic
Organize the discussion in an ineffective manner
Lose track of sources and spend time searching for
them.
carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)

21. Thank You
6299893489(Whats App Only)
carcs.in(CopyRight Protected)