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Sagi Volkov
Distinguished Architect
Lightbits Labs
Run PostgreSQL in Warp Speed
Using NVMe/TCP in the Cloud
November 6, 2023 | Chicago, Illinois
Agenda
● Intro to NVMe/TCP
● Why NVMe/TCP?
● Some performance comparison (and how I took them).
● Questions
NVMe/TCP - history lesson…
▪ NVM Express™ (NVMe) standard released in March 2011
̶ Architecture, command set, and queueing interface for PCIe SSDs
• Optimized for direct attached NVM PCIe® SSDs
• The goal was a single interface that is scalable from client to enterprise
▪ NVMe™ over Fabrics (NVMe-oF™) standard released in June 2016
̶ Extends the architecture, command set, and queueing interface of NVMe to fabric attached
storage
̶ Two initial transport binding specifications
• RDMA (Infiniband, RoCE, iWARP)
• Fibre Channel
▪ TCP transport binding specification (NVMe™/TCP) specified for NVMe-oF in November
of 2018
NVMe/TCP - more history…
▪ Also in 2018, Lightbits Labs introduced the first storage solution that was
designed and built for NVMe/TCP
▪ Added to the Linux kernel in 4.10
▪ Part of all major Linux enterprise distros.
▪ Today: Lightbits, Ceph, Dell, NetApp, Pure Storage and more.
NVMe-oF & NVMe/TCP - Protocol Layering
Why NVMe/TCP (or why do we need
another NVMe-oF transport?)
▪ PCIe®
̶ Great for direct attached NVMe SSDs
̶ Does not scale well to large topologies
▪ RDMA (Infiniband, RoCE, iWARP) and Fibre Channel
̶ Provides a high degree of scalability, but requires special networks and hardware
▪ TCP
̶ Ubiquitous (does not require special networks or hardware)
̶ Scalable allowing large scale deployments and operation over long distances
̶ Can provide performance (throughput and latency) that is comparable to direct
attached NVMe SSDs
Things to consider:
● Remember that you can use NVMe/TCP, wherever you
have TCP available. Simple as that.
● Instance in the cloud usually have higher bandwidth for
network than for native storage from the cloud provider.
● Network resources are billed differently depending on
your cloud provider (ingress/egress)
Performance comparison (spec)
▪ Why PostgreSQL?
▪ Why Kubernetes?
▪ Why sysbench? https://github.com/akopytov/sysbench
▪ Why Sherlock? https://github.com/sagyvolkov/sherlock
Performance comparison (spec)
Availability Zone
VPC
18.75
Gbps
R6in.8xlarge
AWS Cloud
I4i.x8large
VPC Subnet
I4i.x8large
I4i.x8large
18.75
Gbps
18.75
Gbps
VPC Subnet
Pod:
Sherlock
(sysbench)
cpu=0
memory=2Gi
PVC
Pod:
Sherlock
(sysbench)
cpu=0
memory=2Gi
PVC
Pod:
Sherlock Stats
cpu=0.1
memory=64Mi
Performance comparison (spec)
Sysbench test
type Threads Lightbits io2 Block Express
75r25w 40 4,116,162 1,255,658
read-only 40 5,655,487 1,798,263
write-only 40 13,778,113 5,131,169
75r25w 75 5,256,168 1,895,664
read-only 75 7,193,175 2,835,951
write-only 75 14,983,822 6,236,878
75r25w 90 5,350,728 1,990,224
read-only 90 7,309,818 2,952,594
write-only 90 15,099,258 6,952,314
● 1 worker - R6in.8x
● 3 PostgreSQL pods in the
worker
● Each pod with
Request/Limit of cpu=12
and memory=2Gi.
● Each pod with 300GB PVC.
● Each databases, 400 tables
of 1M records.
Performance comparison (numbers)
Questions (and feedback)?
Thanks
https://www.lightbitslabs.com
My twitter: @clusterguru
Sherlock: https://github.com/sagyvolkov/sherlock

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Run PostgreSQL in Warp Speed Using NVMe/TCP in the Cloud

  • 1.
  • 2. Sagi Volkov Distinguished Architect Lightbits Labs Run PostgreSQL in Warp Speed Using NVMe/TCP in the Cloud November 6, 2023 | Chicago, Illinois
  • 3. Agenda ● Intro to NVMe/TCP ● Why NVMe/TCP? ● Some performance comparison (and how I took them). ● Questions
  • 4. NVMe/TCP - history lesson… ▪ NVM Express™ (NVMe) standard released in March 2011 ̶ Architecture, command set, and queueing interface for PCIe SSDs • Optimized for direct attached NVM PCIe® SSDs • The goal was a single interface that is scalable from client to enterprise ▪ NVMe™ over Fabrics (NVMe-oF™) standard released in June 2016 ̶ Extends the architecture, command set, and queueing interface of NVMe to fabric attached storage ̶ Two initial transport binding specifications • RDMA (Infiniband, RoCE, iWARP) • Fibre Channel ▪ TCP transport binding specification (NVMe™/TCP) specified for NVMe-oF in November of 2018
  • 5. NVMe/TCP - more history… ▪ Also in 2018, Lightbits Labs introduced the first storage solution that was designed and built for NVMe/TCP ▪ Added to the Linux kernel in 4.10 ▪ Part of all major Linux enterprise distros. ▪ Today: Lightbits, Ceph, Dell, NetApp, Pure Storage and more.
  • 6. NVMe-oF & NVMe/TCP - Protocol Layering
  • 7. Why NVMe/TCP (or why do we need another NVMe-oF transport?) ▪ PCIe® ̶ Great for direct attached NVMe SSDs ̶ Does not scale well to large topologies ▪ RDMA (Infiniband, RoCE, iWARP) and Fibre Channel ̶ Provides a high degree of scalability, but requires special networks and hardware ▪ TCP ̶ Ubiquitous (does not require special networks or hardware) ̶ Scalable allowing large scale deployments and operation over long distances ̶ Can provide performance (throughput and latency) that is comparable to direct attached NVMe SSDs
  • 8. Things to consider: ● Remember that you can use NVMe/TCP, wherever you have TCP available. Simple as that. ● Instance in the cloud usually have higher bandwidth for network than for native storage from the cloud provider. ● Network resources are billed differently depending on your cloud provider (ingress/egress)
  • 9. Performance comparison (spec) ▪ Why PostgreSQL? ▪ Why Kubernetes? ▪ Why sysbench? https://github.com/akopytov/sysbench ▪ Why Sherlock? https://github.com/sagyvolkov/sherlock
  • 10. Performance comparison (spec) Availability Zone VPC 18.75 Gbps R6in.8xlarge AWS Cloud I4i.x8large VPC Subnet I4i.x8large I4i.x8large 18.75 Gbps 18.75 Gbps VPC Subnet Pod: Sherlock (sysbench) cpu=0 memory=2Gi PVC Pod: Sherlock (sysbench) cpu=0 memory=2Gi PVC Pod: Sherlock Stats cpu=0.1 memory=64Mi
  • 11. Performance comparison (spec) Sysbench test type Threads Lightbits io2 Block Express 75r25w 40 4,116,162 1,255,658 read-only 40 5,655,487 1,798,263 write-only 40 13,778,113 5,131,169 75r25w 75 5,256,168 1,895,664 read-only 75 7,193,175 2,835,951 write-only 75 14,983,822 6,236,878 75r25w 90 5,350,728 1,990,224 read-only 90 7,309,818 2,952,594 write-only 90 15,099,258 6,952,314 ● 1 worker - R6in.8x ● 3 PostgreSQL pods in the worker ● Each pod with Request/Limit of cpu=12 and memory=2Gi. ● Each pod with 300GB PVC. ● Each databases, 400 tables of 1M records.