This is a slide for class 10. It would greatly help them in understanding their chapters more. This slide consists of 4 sub-topics of asexual reproduction, namely- budding,Spore formation, regeneration and fragmentation. Relevant videos are attached with them.

1. 1)An asexual method of reproduction
2)A small part of the body of the parent
grows out as a ‘bud’ which then
detaches and becomes a new organism.
It is observed in both Hydra and Yeast

3.  In simple multicellular Hydra, first a small outgrowth
called ‘bud’ is formed on the side of its body by the
repeated mitotic divisions of its cells.
 The bud then grows gradually into a small Hydra by
developing mouth and tentacles.
 Finally the tiny new Hydra detaches itself from the
parent body and lives as separate individual

5.  In the tiny, unicellular, non-green yeast, first a bud
appears on the outside of the cell wall.
 The nucleus of the parent Yeast cell then divides into
2 parts and one part of the nucleus moves into the
bud
 Ultimately, the bud separates off from the parent
yeast cell and forms a new Yeast cell
** THE BUDDING IN YEAST, HOWEVER, OFTEN TAKES
PLACE SO FAST THAT FIRST BUDS START FORMING
THEIR OWN BUDS AND ALL OF THEM REMAIN
ATTACHED TO THE PARENT YEAST CELL FORMING A
CHAIN OF YEAST CELLS. AFTER SOMETIMES, ALL THE
YEAST CELLS OF THE CHAIN SEPARATE FROM ONE
ANOTHER AND FORM INDIVIDUAL YEAST PLANTS.

6.  In some organisms like sponges and
Corals, the buds remain attached to the
parent organism permanently. These buds
can grow and produce buds of their own.
In this way, a colony of sponges or corals
is formed.

7. Spore formation is the asexual method of
reproduction. In spore formation, the parent
plant produces a hundreds of microscopic
reproductive units spread into air. When
these air-borne spore case of the plant
bursts, then the spores land on food under
favourable conditions, they germinate and
produce new plants. Most of the fungi
(Rhizopus, Mucor), bacteria and non-
flowering plants like ferns and mosses
reproduce by the process of spore formation.

8. Life cycleThe development

9.  The tiny spores of Bread Mould (Rhizopus) are
always present in air which settle down over a
moist slice of bread kept aside for a few days.
 They germinate to form new fungus plant over
there.
 It will develop a white tuft of cottony materials
on the bread it has used to colonize.

10.  It consists of a fine, thead like projections called hyphae
and thin stems having knob-like structures called
sporangia.
 Each sporangium contains hundreds of minute spores
enclosed in a spore case.
 When the spore case bursts the tiny spores are dispersed in
air and settles down on a bread.

11.  In some organisms, the small cut part of
their body can grow or regenerate to form
whole new organisms. The process of getting
back a full organism from its body parts is
called regeneration.
 Hydra and Planaria show full fledged
regeneration.

12. Regeneration in Hydra Regeneration in Planaria

13.  The regeneration of an organism from its cut
body parts occurs by the process of growth
and development.
 The cells of the cut body part divides rapidly
to make a “ball of cells”.
 The cells present in the “ball of cells” move
to their proper places within the ball where
they have to form various organs.
 The cells then change their shapes to form
different types of tissues. These tissues
combine to form organs. These organs
together forms the organ system.

14. Since complex, multicellular organisms have a
very high degree of organisation in their
body, they cannot be reproduced from the
cut body parts by the process of
regeneration. The complex multicellular
organism need more complex ways of
reproduction like sexual reproduction.

15. Definition
The breaking up of the body of a simple
multicellular organism into 2 (or more)
pieces on maturing, each of which
subsequently grows to form a complete new
organism, is called fragmentation.

16.  The breaking up of the body of an organism
in fragmentation to form new organisms
occurs naturally when the parent organism
matures.
 It is an asexual method of reproduction
which can occur in simple multicellular
plants as well as in animals.
 The organisms like Spirogyra and Sea
anemones can reproduce by the method of
fragmentation.

17. Fragmentation in Spirogyra Fragmentation in Sea Anemone

18.  https://youtu.be/d5-hPkcQDrU
Budding in Hydra
 https://youtu.be/GFEgB_ytDZY
Budding in yeast
 https://youtu.be/bZ9VDUBARhQ
Spore formation in bread moulds
 https://youtu.be/hTC1eNTBXvE
Regeneration in Planaria
 https://youtu.be/E8lpUgcyJd0
Fragmentation in Spirogyra
 https://youtu.be/sPwi2QcLKao
Fragmentation in Sea Anemone