2. DEFINITION
Worm infestation are generally not noticed but can
sometime lead to significant problem which affect many
organ system.
Most of worm Infestation result of unsanitary living
condition and poor food preparation.
4. Hook worms
People usually get hookworm disease by walking barefoot
in soil that is contaminated with the feces of an infected
person.
They are white, small and thin, just like fine thread
Hookworm caused by prolong blood loss
Infection depend on amount of blood and nutrition status
Increase anemia
If untreated , it leads to death from heart failure
5. Causes
Hookworm eggs are passed in human feces onto the
ground where they develop into infective larvae
(immature worms).
Contact with contaminated soil or sand, especially when
walking barefoot
Residence or travel in an area with poor sanitation, where
human fecal matter may contaminate the soil
People who live in warm, tropical, or subtropical areas
People exposed to poor sanitation management and
hygiene, especially if walking barefoot or with skin-to-soil
contact
6. SIGN SYMPTOMS
Blood-tinged sputum
Cough
Fatigue
Fever
Itchy rash
Pale skin or pallor
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, which can lead to
dehydration,
7. DIAGNOSIS EVALUATION
Examination of a stool sample
Blood tests to check for anemia and nutritional
deficiencies
Hookworm infection diagnosis is made by identifying
hookworm eggs in a sample of stool. Stool should be
examined within several hours after defecation.
Blood tests for anemia and nutritional deficiencies,
particularly iron, are also done.
8. MANAGMENT
Wearing shoes when you walk outdoors, especially in areas
that might have feces in the soil
Drinking safe water
Properly cleaning and cooking food
Practicing proper hand washing
Using a barrier to prevent the skin from touching the soil when
sitting on the ground
Avoiding consuming soil that may be contaminated with
hookworm
Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
Not using fertilizer made from human feces
Covering children’s sandboxes
Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves and shoes when
gardening
9. Round worms
Round worm: they are round, thin, white/pink worms
about 10-20 inch long
Some time not notice in stool.
Abdominal pain , diarrhea, vomiting may be happen.
10. Thread worms
Perinatal itcing for long duration and history of simmilary
complain in family is the hall mark of family.
It does not cause any serious illness.
11. cause
consumption of contaminated water
consumption of contaminated soil
contact with contaminated feces
poor sanitation
poor hygiene
12. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Worms in a bowel movement that look like earthworms
Worms coming out of the nose or mouth
Stomach pain
Coughing
Loss of appetite
Fever
Wheezing
Weight loss or failure to grow
13. Diagnostic evalution
Stool examination to find ova or larvae in the stool.
Measure the child worm load all the fecal smear are
counted. Less than 20 ova is light worm.
Between 20 -40 ova medium worm
More than 40 ova heavy loaded
15. Home remedies
Onion juice remove thread worms. ( dose: 3 drops to one
teaspoon twise daily)
Neem powder remove all types of worms( dose: 1-4 gram
twise daily)
For 7-12 year old child
20 grams of jaggery in the morning then after 10 minutes ,
ajwain + salt must be taken with warm water.
16. Nursing care
Assisting in identification of parasite
Administration of medication
Provide emotional and psychological support
17. Preventing method
Throughly wash vegetables like carrot, radish, onion and
salad leave or any food eaten raw. This snecessary because
the soil adhering to these foods may be contaminated with
the ova or cyst of parasites.
Drinking water should be filter or boil
Care should be taken that prepared food and drinking
water do not get contaminated through unhygienic
handling by a person carrying ova in the finger nails.
After passing stool must be disposed off properly.
Wasihng hand after pass stool and before eating food.
18. The underclothes must be change daily and bed linen must
be kept clean.
Child should not be allowed to play barefoot in the field
where the soil may be contaminated with ova of
hookworm.
Regular deworming done help in preventing infestation.
Avoid too many sweets and pudding , very fried,and fast
food.
More green vegetables and fresh fruit should be eaten.
Personal hygiene should be maintained.
Restrict diet to only home made foods.
