This document discusses various types and sources of water pollution. It identifies point sources like wastewater treatment plants and nonpoint sources like urban runoff. It also discusses different types of water pollutants like bacteria, nutrients, chemicals, and thermal pollution. The document provides examples of how pollution can impact streams and groundwater. It outlines solutions to improve water quality such as drainage management plans, regulating hazardous waste, and advanced sewage treatment.
2. Types and Sources of Water Pollution
Point sources
Nonpoint sources
Biological
oxygen
demandWater qualityWater quality
WaterWater
QualityQuality
GoodGood 8-98-9
Do (ppm) at 20˚CDo (ppm) at 20˚C
SlightlySlightly
pollutedpolluted
ModeratelyModerately
pollutedpolluted
HeavilyHeavily
pollutedpolluted
GravelyGravely
pollutedpolluted
6.7-86.7-8
4.5-6.74.5-6.7
Below 4.5Below 4.5
Below 4Below 4
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3. Point and Nonpoint Sources
NONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban
development
Wastewater
treatment
plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT
SOURCES
Water quality indication of what beneficial uses of water- spawning, recreation, swimming,drinking.
Bacteria viruses Eat oxygen, phosphates, heat, introduction of non native species Table 19-2 tells all the things from bacteria,…vomiting, diarreha,dehydration
DAMP- street sweeping, stenciling, public education- Agriculture plots not on steep slope leads to water or have some sort of buffer zone. 1987 Water Quality Act--Main goals to make U.S. waters safe for fishing and swimming. Restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of nations waters. Ÿ 1995 EPA developed discharge trading policy. Much like the sulfur dioxide Ÿ trading policy for air pollution. Industrial plants to sell excess credits. Ÿ Good news--Fishable and swimmable 36% 62% Ÿ bad news-antiquated sewage systems--Earth Tech fund--build and maintain.
EPA established national drinking water standards called maximum contaminant levels– System of Long Beach- groundwater pumped to Redondo and spring, treated, pumped back out to residences. Usually most safe because it is tested. Privately owned wells are not required to meet test standards. 1/3 of bottled water contaminated with bacteria- not required to do testing. Not required to test like federal government- IBWA International bottle water association. 7 million illnesses and 1200 deaths in the U.S. per year .