production and operation management

6. Classification of production system

7. 1. Job shop manufacturing
characterizes itself as a shop with tools, machines, and
facilities with similar functions or performances. The
separated workstations perform different tasks during a
product’s manufacturing process. The final products are
produced in small batches (of varying quantities).
Customers customize their orders to meet their specific
needs
 The main feature of this method is low volume
and high variety of products

8. 2- Batch production:
is a method of manufacturing where the products
are made as specified groups or amounts, within a
time frame. A batch can go through a series of
steps in a large manufacturing process to make
the final desired product.

9. 3- Mass production
is the manufacturing of large quantities of
standardized products, often using assembly lines or
automation technology. Mass production facilitates the
efficient production of a large number of similar
products.

11. Characteristics of Goods
 - tangible
- consistent in production definition
- production usually separate from consumption
- can be inventoried
- low customer interaction

12. Characteristics of service
 intangible
- produced & consumed at same time
- often unique
- high customer interaction
- inconsistent product defintion
- often knowledge-based
- frequently dispersed (not stored)
 activities that provide some combination of time,
location, form or psychological value (examples are
air travel, education, haircut, and legal counsel)

13. Critical decision of production operation management
1. Design of goods and services: should we design
these products and services?
2.Managing quality :Who is responsible for quality?
3.Process and capacity design :What process and
what capacity will these products require? What
equipment and technology is necessary for these
processes?
4.Location strategy: Where should we put the facility?
On what criteria should we base the location
decision?
5.Layout strategy: How should we arrange the facility?
How large must the facility be to meet our plan?

14. 6- Human resources and job design :How do we provide a
reasonable work environment? How much can we expect
our employees to produce?
7- Supply chain management :Should we make or buy this
component? Who are our suppliers and who can integrate
into our e-commerce program?
8- Inventory, material requirements planning, and How
much inventory of each item should we have? When do we
re-order?
9- Intermediate and short – term scheduling :Are we better
off keeping people on the payroll during slowdowns? Which
jobs do we perform next?
10- Maintenance: Who is responsible for maintenance?
When do we do maintenance?