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nutrition & cardiovascular disease
1.
2.
3. According to World Health Organization
statistics from Kuwait in 2008
CVD 46.8%
Diabetes 14.6%
respiratory disease
15%
smoking 20.6%
obesity 7%
4.
5.
6. Angina is :
Chest pain
or
discomfort
Manifestation:1-
Shortness of breath
when exercising
2-A fast heartbeat.
3-
Weakness, dizziness, and
feeling sick to
your stomach (nausea).
4-Increased sweating.
7. 1. Control calories: eat just enough calories to achieve and maintain
a healthy weight.
2. Eat quality fats:
-use virgin olive oil and other unsaturated, low-cholesterol fats.
-eat foods that rich in omega-3 fatty acid.
3. Eat the right amount of fat, carbohydrates, and protein:
-limit your fat intake to 20 or 30 percent but don`t substitute simple
carbohydrates for fat
-less than 7% of the day`s total calories from saturated fat.
-up to 10% of the day`s total calories from polyunsaturated fat.
-up to 20% of the day`s total calories from monounsaturated fat.
8. 4. Avoid fad diet:
-eat a well-rounded diet instead.
-eat small, frequent meals.
-avoid large and heavy meals.
5. Limit cholesterol in diet : to less than 200 milligram a day.
6. Limit iron intake: too much iron can increase atherosclerosis.
7. Eat enough dietary fiber: whole grains are best.
8. Eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables.
9. 9. Reduce salt in your diet:
Optimal: no more than 1,500 milligrams/day.
10. Check with your doctor about supplementing your diet with B
vitamins:
- Vitamin B1 [ Thiamine]
- Vitamin B2 [ Riboflavin]
- Vitamin B3 [Niacin]
- Vitamin B5 [ Pantothenic acid]
- Vitamin B6 [ Pyridoxine]
- Vitamin B12 [ Cobalamin]
10. Cardiomyopathy is:
disease of heart muscle
Causes : 1-HTN
2-infection of the heart muscle
3-certain toxins, such as cobalt
4-certain drugs , such as
cocaine and amphetamines
Manifestation:1-Breathlessness
with exertion or even at rest
2-Swelling of the legs, ankles and
feet
3-Bloating of the abdomen due to
fluid buildup
4-Fatigue
Medications: 1-ACE inhibitors
2- ARBs
3- beta blockers
4- digoxin
5-Diuretics
11. • Grains: 6-8 servings/day (half of those should be whole
grains)
• Vegetables: 3-5 servings/day
• Fruits: 4-5 servings/day
• Fat-free or low-fat dairy: 2-3 servings/day
• Lean meat, poultry, and seafood: 3-6 oz./day (about the
size of a deck of cards)
• Fat and oils: 2-3 tbsp./day (use unsaturated fats such as
olive oil or canola oil)
12. • Nuts, seeds, and legumes: 3-5 servings/week
• Sweets, or sugar: 5 or fewer servings/week [ the fewer
the better ]
• Eating 2 servings of fatty fish ( such as salmon or lake
trout) per day
• Holding sodium <2,400 mg/day or less
• Omega-3 fatty acids 1-4 g/day
• Folic acid 400 mcg/day
• Vitamin B6 25-100 mcg/day
• Vitamin B12 2-100 mcg/day
13. Hypertension is: vascular
disorder characterized by
disrupted auto regulation of
blood vessel leading to
insufficient blood supply
Causes: 1-
smoking
2-obesity
3-stress
4- high salt in
diet
5-genetics
factors
6-older age
Medications: 1-
thiazide
diuretics.
2-beta blockers
3-ACE
4-Ca channel
blocker
5-renin inhibitor
6-capotine
sublingual
Manifestation: 1-Severe headache
2-Fatigue or confusion
3-Vision problems
4-Difficulty breathing
5-Irregular heartbeat
6-Blood in the urine
7-Pounding in your chest, neck, or ears
14. Daily nutrient goals used in the dash studies (for a 2000
calorie eating plan)
Total fat 27% of calories
Saturated fat 6% of calories
Protein 18% of calories
Carbohydrate 55% of calories
Cholesterol 150 mg
Sodium 2,300 mg (1,500 mg is better)
Potassium 4,700 mg
Calcium 1,250 mg
Magnesium 500 mg
fiber 30 g
15. Cardiac
dysrhythmia is:
abnormalities of
heart rhythm
Medications: 1-
amiodarone[cardarone]
2-bepridil
hydrochloride [vascor]
3-
disopyramide[norpace]
4-sotalol [betapace]
5-lidociane [xylocaine]
6-flecainide [tambocor]
Causes: 1-heart attack
2-blocked arteries in
the heart
3-HTN
4-DM
5-hyperthyrodisim
Manifestation: 1-Irregular
heartbeats that feel rapid,
pounding or fluttering
2-Dizziness, lightheadedness and
fainting
16. • High in fruits and vegetables (at least five servings
a day) and in whole grain foods. It includes lean
protein sources like fish, beans, saturated
fats, trans-fats, and cholesterol.
• Omega-3: 2-4 g/day
• Magnesium: 400-800 mg/day
• Potassium: 500-1,000 mg/day
• Vitamin C: 1,000 mg/day
• Vitamin E: 200-300 mg/day
17. Peripheral artery disease [PAD]
is : disease of blood vessel that
supplies to arms and legs
Medications: 1-
cholesterol-lowering
medication
2-HTN medication
3-aspirin
Causes: 1-blood
vessel inflammation
2-injury to the limbs
3-edema in hand
and feet Manifestation 1-Painful
cramping in your hip, thigh or calf
muscles after activity, such as
walking or climbing stairs
(intermittent claudication)
2-Leg numbness or weakness
3-Coldness in your lower leg or
foot, especially when compared
with the other side
4-Shiny skin on your legs
18. • Five portions, and ideally 7-9 portions, of a
variety of fruit and vegetables/day.
• Should not eat much fatty food such as fatty
meats, cheeses, fatty-cream milk, fried
food, butter, etc. Ideally, you should use low
fat, mono-unsaturated or poly-unsaturated
spreads.
• Try to include 2-3 portions of fish 1 week, at
least one of which should be “oily”.
19. • If you eat meat, it is best to eat lean red meat
or poultry such as chicken.
• If you do fry, choose a vegetables oil such as
sunflower, rapeseed or olive.
• Try not to add salt to food, and limit foods
which are salty.
20.
21. 1- Healthy fats: raw nuts, olive oil, fish oils, flax
seeds, or avocados.
2- Nutrients: colorful fruits and vegetables—fresh or
frozen, prepared without butter.
3- Fiber: cereals, breads, and pasta made from whole
grains or legumes.
4- Omega 3 and protein: fish and shellfish, poultry.
5-Calcium and protein: Egg whites, egg
substitutes, skim or 1% milk, low-fat or nonfat
cheeses or yogurt.
22. 1- Trans fats from partially hydrogenated or deep-fried foods;
saturated fats from whole-fat dairy or red meat.
2- Packaged foods of any kind, especially those high in
sodium.
3- White or egg breads, granola-type cereals, refined pastas
or rice.
4- Red meat, bacon, sausage, fried chicken.
5- Egg yolks, whole or 2 percent milk, whole milk products
like cheese or yogurt.
