Lesson 9 Rural knowledge - 2

MNGT 3112
Theory 20 hrs, Practical 20 hrs.
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
P.B. Dharmasena
0777-613234, 0717-613234
dharmasenapb@ymail.com, dharmasenapb@gmail.com
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
P.B. Dharmasena
0777-613234, 0717-613234
dharmasenapb@ymail.com, dharmasenapb@gmail.com
https://independent.academia.edu/PunchiBandageDharmasena
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Punchi_Bandage_Dharmasena/contributions
http://www.slideshare.net/DharmasenaPb
LESSON
NINE

wOHhk wruqKq
iïm%odhsl lDIsl¾ufha oS olakg
,efnk úfYaI ,CIK
fyaka f.dú;ek
ù f.dú;ek
c, l,ukdlrKh
c, iqrCIs;Ndjh
Lesson-8
LESSON
NINE
RURAL KNOWLEDGE IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT
.%dóh ixj¾OkfhaoS .%dóh oekqu - 2

foaYSh lDIsl¾uh yqfola ffcj fN!;sl
l%shdj,shlau fkdfõ
wOHd;aul wka;ÍCI
n,h
iudc ixialD;sl
idOl
ffcj fN!;sl l%shd
foaYSh lDIsl¾uh
Lesson-8

Lesson-7
foaYSh lDIsl¾ufha úfYaI ,CIK
• kshñ; ld,hg j.d lsÍu" fnda. l<ukdlrKh wdoS j.d lghq;= isÿ
lsÍfï oS iqN fõ,djka wkqj isÿ lsÍu iy j¾Idm;kh" kshÕh" frda.
yd m<sfndaO" jk i;=kaf.ka isÿ jk ydks i|yd wOHd;añl n,hka j,g
keUqre ùu'
• kshñ; ixrCIK l%u Ndú;h ;=<ska fnda. i|yd fhda.H mßirhla
mj;ajd .ekSu'
• mig wju ydksh" ldnksl øjH tl;= lsÍu jeks lghq;= u.ska j.d
bvfï M,odhS;djh mj;ajd .ekSu

Lesson-7
foaYSh lDIsl¾ufha úfYaI ,CIK
• ld,.=Kh" mi iy wfkl=;a cSù iy wcSù idOl j,ska yg.kakd
.eg¨ i|yd úúO fnda. ixl,khka j.d lsÍu
• Yla;sh wvqfjka mßfNdackh lrk ir, f.dú fuj,ï Ndú; lsÍu'
• j.d lghq;= j, Ndú;d lrk fhojqï wju lsÍu i|yd fnda.
úúO;ajh y÷kajd oSu iy mj;ajd f.k hdu

w;’;fha f.dúhd mqreÿj isáfha ;=kam;a
f.dú;eka rgdjlgh'
1 wyia osfhka fyaka f.dú;eka lsÍu
2 jeõ osh Ndú;d lrñka l=Uqre
f.dú;eka lsÍu
3 f.j;af;a t,j¿" m,;=re jeks oE
f.dú;eka lsÍu
Lesson-7
fyaka f.dú;ek fmdÿ ,CIK
f,dalfha >¾u l,dmSh rgj, úúO kduhkaf.ka y÷kajkq ,nk jeis osfhka flfrk
iïm%odhsl f.dú;eka l%uhla'
iajNdúlj jefjk jk m%cdj lmd .sKsn;a fldg jeis M, ld, wkqj tla fnda.hla fyda
fnda. ixñY%Khla j.d lsÍu
lkak lsysmhla j.d l, miq mi ksire ùu fya;=fjka fjk;a ;eklg hEu
fhojqï Ndú;h ke;af;au ke;s ;rï ùu’

Lesson-7
fyaka f.dú;ek flfrkafka jejg c,h ,ndfok
jkdka;r t,s fmfy,s lrf.kh
fyaka f.dú;ek uq¨ukskau jeisM, rgdj wkqj
isÿflfrkakls
l=vd lKavdhï
fyaka i|yd bvï f;dard .kafka .fï lsishï
whqqrlska tlÕ;djhlg meñKs lKavdhï jYfhks
Tjqka fyak lrkafka tlgh' meKs lvkakg" fudr
lvkakg" m¨ lvkakg" tmuKla fkdj ovhfï
hkafkao tlgh
.fï wka whg jvd fudjqka tlsfkldf.a woyia"
is;=ï me;=ï fyd|ska wjfndaO fldgf.k isá;s'
wfkHdakH wdrCIdj yd úYajxikShFjh fujka

fyaka f.dú;ek
fyaka f.dú;ekg f;dard .;af;a ;rul
nEjqï iys; uo .eUqre ire milska
fyì fyd|ska jevqkq jkdka;rhls‘
úYd, ffcj ialkaOhla .sKs,d úkdY
l, úg fyafka mi iújr jk nj;a
tys >k w¨ ;Ügqjla b;sßjk neúka
jeis c, ldkaÿj jeâjk nj;a" fï
ksid mdxY= Ldokh idfmaCIj wvqjk
nj;a wms oksuq'
Lesson-8

fyaka f.dú;ek
úIudldß N+ñfha wiajeoaoSula fkdlrk
neúkao iq¨ c, ux yryd l|ka"
uq,a wdosh we;s neúkao" úfgl tajd
yria jk fia .iaj, l|ka yd
ms<siaiS b;sß ù .sh YdL fldgia
we;sÍu ksido mdxY= Ldokh wju
úh'
lmd .sKs fkd;nd b;sß l, rEiai .ia
u.ska ixjyk jeis j, m%ydrl
n,h ì|sk neúka mia l=vd wxY=
j,g leãhdu wvqjk w;r úh,s
iq,Õ f.dú ìu u; we;slrk
wdprKh j,lajd,k neúka c,
jdIamSlrKh wvqùulao fõ'
Lesson-8
uDÿ nEjqï
uo nEjqï
;rul
nEjqï
jeä nEjqï

fyaka f.dú;ek
>k le,Ejla t,s fmfy,s fldg idod .kakd fyakg kjoe,s
fyak f,i kï flßks'
kjoe,s fyakg úúO w¾:l:khka we;
fyak oeù hdfïoS .sKsoe,a wg osYdjg;a by,g;a .uka
lrñka kj osYdfõu oe,s we;s lsÍu
oe,s kjhla .Efjk fia kj jrla .sKs,Eu
.sKs .ekSfuka miq weo yef,k jeis iu. b;sßj .ssh
.ia uq,a j,ska kjo¨ u;=ùu
fyaka j¾.
fyaka f.dú;eka i|yd úúO wdldrfha YdL m%cdfjka hqla;
jQ bvï Ndú;d l,y'
uQl,dk flàfïos kjoe,s fyak
w;ao~qqjdj t,sfldg j.d lrk úg w;ao~q fyak
,kao fldgd lrk fyak ,÷ fyak
l,la j.d fldg ksirej f.dia we;s ;kayS lk;= yd
msá fyak
Lesson-8

fyaka j¾.h N+ñ iajNdjh fnda. j¾.
kjoe,s fyaka b;d ire wn" udY fnda. yd t,j¨
w;ao~qq fyaka ire udY fnda." t,j¨ yd r¿ OdkH
,÷ fyaka uola ire r¿ OdkH yd ;,
lk;=" msá fyakaksire ;," fufkaß
f.dv ù fyaka c,jykh wiïmQ¾K ù" t,j¨
my;a ìï
Lesson-8
iq¥iq fnda. f;dard .ekSu

fyaka f.dú;ek
bvï fnod .ekSu
N+ñfha ire ksire nj" m%%udKh yd wdrCIdj iuj
idOdrKj fnoS hk whqqßka fnod .ekSu
uq,a leg fyak
fyak i|yd f;dard.;a m%foaYfha uOH Wiaj yd iEu w;gu
nEjqï f,i meje;s úg fyda ksYaÑ; nEjqï rgdjla ke;s
;eks;,d ìula jQ úg uq,a leg .eiSfï l%uh fhdod.kq
,eîh
fuysoS fyak uOHfha lKqjla ^uQÜgqq fyj;a .ï jiï lkqj&
isgqjd taaa jgd ljhla u; iuÿßka msysgjQ bKs u.ska
iu fldgia we;s ;%sfldaKdldr ìï lÜá j,g fnod .kq
,eîh'
Lesson-8
uQÜgqq lkqj

fyaka f.dú;ek
uq,a leg fyak
N+ñfha by, isg my,g tkúg mfia .eUqr" c,dmjyk
;Fjh" fmdaYluÜgu wdosh fjkia jqjo uq,a leg .eiSu
u.ska th ish¨ ffokdgu iufia fnoS hhs‘ úúO fnda.
j.d lssÍfï yelshdjo ish¨ fokdgu ,efí' tmuKla
fkdj iuia: fyaaka m%foaYh jgd iSudfõ bos l,hq;=
o~qjeg ms<sn| j.lSuo iufia fnoS hEu fuys úfYaI
,CIKhls‘
fyafka by,u ;ek úYd, me,la boslr.;a úg uq¨ fyaka
hdhu tlg oelsh yel' udrefjka udrejg uqr me,ao
/lsh yelsh'
Lesson-8

fyaka f.dú;ek
bvï fnod .ekSu
brú,s fyak
fyak i|yd f;dard.;a ìï fmfoi N+ñ leákdjl by, isg my,g úysoS .sh y;/ia
yevhlg mj;sk úg ìï lÜá lefvkafkao by," ueo" my, fldgia ldg;a iuj
,efnk mßos m,,a ;Sre f,ih'
fï ksid tla f.dúfhl=f.a fyafka nEjqï fukau ;eks;,d fmfoiao" fkd.eUre fiau
.eUqre miao" ukd fukau ÿ¾j, c, jykh we;s N+ñho oelsh yels fõ'
fï wkqj l;sld fldg f.k fyaka hdfha my, fldgfia ù j.djo" ueo t,j¨" m,d
jeks ñY% fnda.o by, r¨ OdkH fnda.o j.d lr;s‘
Lesson-8

ù f.dú;ek
jeõ c,h fidfrdõ ;=,ska msgù fõ,s osf.a .,d f.dia jejg my,ska
we;s ù f.dú;eka flfrk wiajeoa¥ ìu c,fhka fmdfydi;a flf¾'
l=Uqre hdh fyda fj,a hdh f,i y÷kajkafka fuu bvï mßyrk
l,dmhhs'
Lesson-8

ù f.dú;efka bvï whs;sh
• ù f.dú;ek i|ydu iqÿiq" ÿj_, c, jykfhka hq;= fuu my;a ìï fmfoi jdß
c,h ksis whqßka iïmdokh l, yels fia —by, ndf.a" ueo ndf.a iy my,
ndf.a— f,i yªkajk N+ñ l,dm ;=klg fjka fldgf.k we;' fuu yeu
l,dmhlau —biair˜ f,i yªkajk yria mgq ;Sre j,g lvd whs;sh fnod§ we;'
fufia yeu ndf.lu flfkl=g biairj,a ;sîfuka ldrKd lsysmhla bgqlr
.;yel'
– ire ksire nj iufia fn§hEu
– jefõ c,hg we;s whs;sh ;yjqre ùu
– mi f;;aj meje;Sfï iaajNdjh by, isg my,g fjkia jk neúka tys jdis
wjdis ldg;a tlfia ,eîu'
– c,h fnod .ekSfï§ .egqï we;s fkdùu
– c, ys. lkak j,§ j.dj ms<sn| .kakd ;SrK j,ska lsisfjl=g;a
widOdrkhla is¥ fkdùu
– iduQyslj l,g fõ,djg f.dú ;efka úúO ls%hdldrlï wjika lr.;
yelsùu
Lesson-8

ù f.dú;ek
by; ldrKd ish,af,kau is¥jkafka f.dú;efka M,odhs;ajh by,hEuh'
fõ,af,ka yrjk c,h biair Èf.a my,g .,kúg f.dhug c,h r|jd .;yels jkfia
yria kshr oud ,shos ilia lr .;ay'
l=re¨ md¨ f,i ye|ska jQ j.d ìï ;Sre i|yd ish¨ f.dú;eka ld¾hhka ukdj bgq
fkdl,o tys jefvk f.dhfïo" lr,a lsß josk úgo" lr,a mefyk úgo wjáka
j.djg tlafrdla jk ueiaika" mKqjka" l=re,a,kaf.ka fj,a hdhg isÿjk m,sfndaO
ydksh wju lsÍug m%udKj;a úh'
jejg ,efnk c, m%udKhg wkqqj tla lkakhloS f.dú;eka lrk N+ñ m%udKh ;SrKh
lk ,o w;r .fï ldg;a iufia mx.= ;snQ neúka lsisfjl=g;a widOdrKhla fkdjk
whqßka tu ;SrK .; yels úh'
fufia iuj fnoS hEu jeõ .ïudk moaO;sfha bvï mßyrk rgdfõ iEu wjia:djlu
oelsh yels uQ,sl ixl,amhla jqjo" oeka tu ;;ajfhka uq¨ukskau fjkiaj f.dia we;
tod .ïudkhl meje;s iu.sh" iyfhda.h" fnod yod .ekSu iy yod fnod .ekSu jeks
udkj .=Kdx. j, uQ,sl miqìu ilia jkakg we;af;a fuu bvï mßyrk ixl,amh
u.ska hhs lSu jvd ksjerosh'
Lesson-8

• c, l,ukdlrKh#
c,h .eñhd i,lkafka mQckSh jia;=jla f,ih' tksidu c,h ienúkau
l,ukdlrKh úh'
• c,l,ukdlrKh úYd, mßudkfha m%foaY isg l=Uqrl ,shoao olajdu ukd
ld¾hCIu;djhlska isÿjQ njg oekqÿ idCIs we;'
• W;=reueo m,d; fyj;a rcrg ksuù we;af;a .x.d fødaKs 9 lsks' tfiau
th c,dOdr m%foaY 50 ls'
• fï ;=, ukdj ixúOdkh jQ jeõ fmdl=re 457 ls'
• fuu jeõ fmdl=re ms,sn| uq,au y÷kd .ekSfïoS uydpd¾h uoaÿu nKavdr
th bx.%Sis niska ye|skajQfha cascade f,ih'
• thg isxy, jjpkhla f,i t,a,x.dj hhs wdpd¾h f;kakfldaka kïfldg
we;
• t,a,x.djla hkq my;a ksïk m%foaYfha by, isg my,g jeis osfhka f;;aj
mj;sk m%foaYhhs' c, úoHd;aulj iyiïnkaO;djfhka hqla; jeõ
fmdl=rlg t,a,x.djla f,i ye|skaùu b;du;a WÑ;h'
Lesson-8

• c, l,ukdlrKh#
t,a,x.djla ;=, c,h tla/iaùu" .nvdùu iy
mßfNdackh talSh ie,iqqulska isÿù ;sìks'
by,u we;af;a l=vd jeõh' tu m%foaY j,
fj,a hdh l=vdh' tfy;a f.dvìï jmißh
f,dl= ksid fyaka j.dj jeâfhka l,yel'
fødaKsh my,g tkúg c, fmdfydi;alñka
jeâ jeõ yuq fõ' ta jeõ j,g ìu u;
.,k c,ho by, fj,a myq j;=ro N+.;j
my,g .,d u;=jk W,aosho tlajk neúka
jeâ c, wiajekakla ,efí' fï ksid l=Uqre
j.d fmdfydi;alfuka jeâh' tfiau tu
fmfofia fyaka f.dú;ekg we;s ìï fmfoi
iSud iys;h' fï wkqj t,a,x.dfõ fldfya
Ôj;a jqk;a f.dú;ek i|yd l=Uqre iy
f.dv fyaka idfmaCIj fnoS we;s whqre
oelsh yelsh’
Lesson-8

c, l,ukdlrKh
.ug by,ska l=vd jeõ msysgd we;' fïjdfha w;S;fha .ïudk ;sî ke;'
;efkl l=Uqre f.dú;eka lsÍulao l, njla fkdfmfka'
l=vd jej" by, jej" ldhï jej" fldgq jej" l=¨ jej wdoS f,i y÷kajk
,o fuu jeõ j,ska uy.= fiajhla isÿúh
úfgl tajd jeis c,h .nvdlr .ekSugo" uy jejg tk frdka uv fyj;a
ldhu r|jd .ekSugo" c,h ys. ld, j,oS by, jej lmd my, uy
jefõ uyfj, f.dú;eka lsÍug jeis c,h /ia lsÍugo fhdod f.k we;'
miq lf,l fuu jeõ j, l=Uqre jmißh jeâ lrñka fj,a wiajoaojñka"
f.dvj, mjd jejla njg yrjñka w;s;fha ;snQ jdß c,l,ukdlrKh
úlD;s fldg we;' fufia jeõ w;r c,h yqjudre lsÍu ksid by, c,
ld¾hCIu;djhlao ,eìks‘
ta l=vd jeõ j, c, ydksh ie,l+ úg úYd," újD;" c, me;sreï m%foaYh
jeâ" úYd, jejlg jvd fnfyúkau wvqh' fuu l=vd jeõ yeu
me;af;kau jk ,eyeìka wdjrKh ù ;sîu thg ;j;a fya;=jls'
Lesson-8

c, l,ukdlrKh
fydfrdõfjka msg lrk c,h fõ,s osf.a .,dhEu md,kh lsÍug lryk fyj;a lryka
fldfÜ keue;s c, fnÿï jHQyhla fhdodf.k ;sìks
fuh j¾;udkfha Ndú;d flfrk úhrhlg iudkh' úYd, ,S fldghl lÜg folla lmd
ta ;=,ska c,h fõ,s follg .,k fia tu fldgh fõ,a, yryd j,,kqq ,efí'
lÜgfha os. m,, ;SrKh lrkafka tu osYdfõ fõ,af,ka fmdaIKh jk l=Uqre m%udKh
u;h
fï wkqqj Wv fõ,a,g j;=r fkd,eî hg fõ,af,a jeâ j;=rla hEfuka we;sjk wiu;=,s;
c,l,ukdlrKh je,lS hhs'
lryka fldgh tyd fuyd lrkakg fj,a úodfkag yer wka whg ;ykï ù ;sìks
Lesson-7

c, l,ukdlrKh
jE lkao t,s fmfy,s lsÍu" ms,shï lsÍu"
fõ,s ieySu" jeg ne|Su" kshr flàu"
biakka ne|Su" uevùu" fmdare.Eu" ù
biSu wdoS jYfhka fï ish,a,
flfrkafka .ïuq ish¨fokdu tlaù
l;sld lr.;a wdldrhlgh'
hulaa fkdlsÍu fjkqfjka ov kshu
lsÍfï l%uhkao tl, mej;sks' fï
ksidu ish,a, l,g fõ,djg isÿùu
ksid c,l,ukdlrK ls%hdj,sho
b;du;a ld¾hCIu úh'
Lesson-8

c, l,ukdlrKh
;djq¨ f.dú;ek
• c, ys. ld, j,oS jeõ msáfha by;a;dfõ flfrk
ù f.dú;ek ;djq¨ f.dú;ek f,i fyda jeõ
;djq¨ j.dj f,i ye|skafõ'
• jeisM, wvqjk úg jejg c,h tk m%udKh
wvqjk neúka jej c,fhka msfrkafka ke;'
,efnk c,ho fjk;a lghqq;= i|yd b;sß
fldgf.k l=Uqf¾ù f.dú;ek w;ayer ou;s'
;djq¨ f.dú;ek lrkaafka tjeks wjia:dj,h
• ;djq¨ f.dú;efka jeo.;au fukau uQ,slju
flfrk ld¾hh jkafka ;djqf,a my, udhsfukau
kshrla ne| ,efnk iq¨ jeis c,h r|jd .ekSuh'
fï ksid f.dú;ekg ìï ieliSfïoS frdkauv jej
;=,g weoS hEuo j,lsk neúka jejo iqq/fla
• ;eks;,d ìula neúka t;rï kshr oeóulao
wjYH fkdfõ‘
• mdxY= fmdaYKfhka wkQk fuu ìfuka ire ù
wiajekakla ,eìh yelsh
• kshx iuhkayS wdydr iqrCIs;Ndjh ;yjqre
lrkakg úldYkh jQ ;djq¨ f.dú;ek miq lf,l
fyaka f.dú;ek fiau úkdYldÍ m%;sM, fok
f.dú;ekla f,i i,ld ;ykï lrkq ,eîh'
Lesson-8

• c, l,ukdlrKh#
fn;au l%uh
– jefõ mj;sk iSñ; c, m%udKfhka iïmQ¾K l=Uqre hdhu tljr j.d l<
fkdyels ÿ¾j, j¾Idm;khla iys; lkakhka ;=< j.d lsÍu i|yd f.dùka
úiska fn;au l%uh Ndú; flf¾'
– f.dùka /iaù l=Uqrehdfha by< fldgi ;djld,sl jYfhka fndfyda ÿrg iudk
fldgia j,g fnod fjkalr j.d lsÍug ;SrKh lrhs'
– fuuÕska Tjqkaf.a wdydr wjYH;djfhka fldgila fyda imhd .; yels jk
w;r tfia fkdlsÍfuka tu lkakfha lsisÿ ù j.djla isÿ fkdlr iïmQ¾Kfhkau
w;yer oeóug isÿ jkq we;'
– fuu l%uh uÕska bvï ysñhka w;r iudkd;au;dj iy;sl lrhs'
– fnda. ydkshla isÿ fkdù jeõ c,fhka ld¾hCIu m%fhdackhla o fuuÕska ,nd
.; yel
– fn;au l%uh ms<sn| ;SrKh idudkHfhka jefõ we;s c,uÜgu u; ;SrKhfõ'
– iuyr wjia:d j, oS bvï fnod oSu bvfï m%udKhg iudkqmd;sl jk w;r
fndfydaúg th iudkqmd;sl fkdjk wdldrhg isÿ lrkq ,efí'
– ìï lene,a, fnod oSu idudkHfhka fj,a úodfka úiska isÿ lrkq ,nhs'
Lesson-8

c, l,ukdlrKh#
jej kv;a;= lsÍu i|yd mx.= l%uh
• jeõ neïu iqoao lsÍu" we, ud¾. iqoao lsÍu" iq¿ w¿;ajeähd lghq;= wdoS
jefõ kv;a;= lghq;= kshñ; ld,hg iïmQ¾K lsÍu i|yd f.dùka úiska tu
lghq;= Tjqka w;r fnod .ekSu fuysoS isÿfõ'
• fuuÕska úhou wvq ùu" j.lSu" whs;sh iy j.lsj hq;= nj ms<sn| ye.Sï
Tjqka;=, we;sfõ'
• fyd| .=Kd;aufhka hqla;j ld¾hhka isÿlsÍu iy ish¿fokd tl;=ù jevlsÍu
;=,ska iudc neoSï Yla;su;afõ'
• fufia ish¿u w¨;ajeähd lghq;=j, kshef,ñka úêu;a f,i jej kv;a;=lsÍu
wjidkfha c,l<ukdlrKh ld¾hCIuj isÿùug;a iy fN!;sl jHqyhkaj,
ia:dhs;djh mj;ajd.ekSug yelsùu;a ksid kshÕh iy c,.e,Sï wjodkï
wvqlsÍfï§ iduqysl odhl;ajhla ,efnkq we;'
Lesson-8

c, l,ukdlrKh - lel=,ka l%uh
– wiajekak fk,k ,o fCIa;%hkays îc ù úh<sj jemsÍu Y%S ,xldfõ"
lel=,ka l%uh jYfhka ye|skafõ'
– fuu úh<s jemsÍu" leákdfõ by< fldgfia isÿ lrk úg th ù
fyak f,i fyda f.dv fyak f,i y÷kajkq ,efí'
– iïm%odhsl lel=,ka l%ufha oS mia úiqrejd yefrk mßos iy j,a me,
hg jk mßos isxy, k.=, Ndú; lr úh<s fCIa;%fha iS iEu isÿ
lrhs'
– j¾Idj m;s; ùu;a iuÕ blaukskau jeä j¾Idm;khla
n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka fCIa;%fha úh<s îc jmqrkq ,efí'
– îc jemsÍfuka miq tu îc mia iuÕ ñY% jk fia fCIa;%h
fkd.eUqre f,i iSidkq ,efí‘
Lesson-8

c, l,ukdlrKh - lel=,ka l%uh
– iuyr wjia:d j, fCIa;%fha m%udKj;a f;;ukhla mj;S kï" fmr wdldrhg lel=,ka
l%uhu Ndú; l< yels jqj o fuys oS jemsÍu i|yd úh<s îc fjkqjg m%frdayKh jQ
îc ù Ndú; lrkq ,nhs'
– iuyr jeõ hgf;a mj;sk l=Uqre hdhhkays by, fldgia j, lel=,ka l%uhg jemsÍu
isÿ lrk w;r jeiai;a iuÕ jej msÍ.sh wjia:djkays f;;a ìï j, idudkH ìï
ilik wdldrhg ìï ilid jemsÍu isÿ flf¾
– fuysoS we;=,;a jk l%shdldrlï jkafka m<uq iS iEu" kshr iqoao lsÍu" kshr uv
;eîu" fojk iS iEu" uv lsÍu" uÜgï lsÍu" fCIa;%fha jeä c,h bj;a lsÍu i|yd
fkd.eUqre ldkq moaO;shla ieliSu iy m%frdayKh jQ îc fCI;%fha jemsÍuhs‘
– j¾;udkfha isÿ lrk ,o wOHhk uÕska fidhdf.k we;af;a lel=,ka l%uh Ndú;
fkdlsÍfuka j.d lghq;= m%udo ùu ksid jdß iïmdok c, wjYH;djh jeä ù
ie<lsh hq;= fldgila j.d lghq;= i|yd Ndú; lsÍug fkdyelsù hk njhs'
Lesson-8

Lesson 9 Rural knowledge - 2

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