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1. ( Plant Pathology)
‘’-TOPIC – Classification of Disease - ’’

2. SYNOPSIS :-
 Introduction of plant disease
 Classification of plant disease
 Classification of animate disease
in relation to their occurrence
 Reference

3. INTRODUCTION
 A plant disease is any abnormal conditions that alters the appearance or function of a
plant. it is a physiological process that affects some or all plant functions. Disease may
also reduce yield and quality of harvested product.
 Disease is a process or a change that occurs over time. It does not occur instantly like
injury.
 Visible effects of disease on plants are called symptoms. Any detectable change in color,
shape, and function of the plant in response to a pathogen or disease-causing agent is a
symptom.
 Sign of plant disease are physical evidence of the pathogen, for example, fungal fruiting
bodies, bacterial ooze, nematodes cysts. Sign also help with plant disease identification.

4. Classification of plant disease
I. Based on plant part affected
II. Based on perpetuation and spread
III. Based on sign & symptoms
IV. Based on host plant affected
V. Based on major causes
VI. Based on infection process

5. Based on Plant Affected :-
 Localized - if they affect only specific organ or parts of the plant.
 Systemic - if entire plant if affected. Or
They can be classified as root disease, stem disease, foliage/ foliar disease, etc.

6. Based on Perpetuation and Spread :-
 Soil borne – then the pathogen perpetuates through
the agency of soil.( e.g.-root-rot, wilt, seedling blight).
 Seed borne - when the pathogen perpetuate through
seed or any propagation materials. (e.g.-bunt, loose
smut, damping-off).
 Air borne - when they are disseminated by wind.
(e.g.- rusts and powdery mildews, blight).

7. Based on signs and symptoms produced by the pathogen :-
 Disease are classified as rusts, smuts, powdery mildew, downy mildew, roots rots, wilts,
blight, cankers, fruit rot, leaf spot, etc. in all this examples, the disease are named after
the most conspicuous symptoms of the disease appearing on the host surface.

8. Based on Major Causes :-
They can be classified as –
 Fungal disease
 Bacterial disease
 Viral disease
 Mycoplasmal disease

9. Based on Host Plant Affected :-
 They can be classified as cereal crop disease, forage crop disease, flax disease, millet
disease, plantation crop disease, fruit crop disease, vegetable crop disease, flowering
plant disease, etc.
Based on Infection Process :-
 Infectious – all the disease caused by animate causes, viruses an viroid's can be transmitted
from infected host plant to the healthy plants are called infectious. (e.g.- fungi, bacteria,
virus, mycoplasma, nematode)
 Non-infectious -non-infectious disease can not be transmitted to a healthy plant. Also
referred as non-parasitic disorders or simply physiological disorders, and incited by abiotic
or inanimate causes like nutrients deficiency or excess or unfavorable weather conditions of
soil and air or injurious mechanical influences. (e.g.- temperature, light, moisture, air,
nutrients)

10. Classification of Animate Disease in Relation to Their
Occurrence :-
 Endemic disease – which are more of less constantly present from year to year in a
moderate to serve form in a particular geographical regions, i.e. country, district or
locations.
 Epidemic or epiphytotic disease - which occur widely but periodically particularly in a
severe form. They might be occurring in the locality every year but assume severe form
on occasions due to the favorable environmental conditions occurring in some years.
 Sporadic disease - occur at irregular intervals and locations and in relatively few
instances.
 Pandemic disease – a disease may be endemic in one region and epidemic in another.
When epiphytotic become prevalent through out a country, continent or the world, the
disease may be termed as pandemic.

11. • BOOK- fundamental of plant pathology
Writer- Dr. J. N. Sharma
Dr. G. Karthikeyan
Sh. Mohinder Singh
• Website- www.Biologicaldisscussion.com