12. Orthodontics is now formally defined (by the
American Association of Orthodontics) as the
area of dentistry concerned with the
supervision, guidance and correction of the
growing and mature dentofacial structures,
including those conditions that require
movement of teeth or correction of
malrelationships or malformation of related
structures by the adjustment of relationship
between and among teeth and facial bones by
application of forces and / or the stimulation
and redirection of the functional forces within
the craniofacial complex.
13. The word orthodontics is derived from
Greek words
ORTHOS -- Correct
ODONTOS -- Teeth
Coined by LeFelon
14. Sequalae of malocclusion
1.Poor facial appearance
2.Risk of caries
3.Predisposition to periodontal disease
4.Psychological disturbances
5.Risk of trauma
6.Abnormalities of function
7.TMJ problems
15. Aims of orthodontic treatment
Jackson triad
1. Functional efficiency
2. Structural balance
3. Esthetic hormony
16. Scope of orthodontic treatment
1.Alteration in tooth position
2.Alteration in skeletal pattern
3.Alteration in soft tissue pattern
17. Services offered by the orthodontist
1.Preventive orthodontics
2.Interceptive orthodontics
3.Corrective orthodontics
4.Surgical orthodontics
18. History of orthodontics
• Attempts were made to treat malocclusions as early
as 1000 B.C
• Primitive appliances to move teeth have been found
in Greek and Etruscan excavations
• Greek physician Hippocrates (460-377 BC) is the
pioneer in medical science
• Aristotle (384-322 BC) is the first writer who
studied human teeth and compared them with other
species
19. • Aulius Cornelius Celsus (25 BC-50 AD) , advocated
use of finger pressure to align the teeth
• Pierre fauchard , father of modern dentistry,
developed first orthodontic appliance called
BANDELETTE for arch expansion
• Norman Kingsley was the pioneer in using extraoral
force and pioneer in CLCP patients
20. • Emerson C. Angell (1823-1903) first advocated
the opening of mid palatal suture which later was
popularised as RME
• William E. Magill (1823-1896) was the first
person to band teeth for active tooth movement
• Henry Baker (1893) introduced Bakers
anchorage
21. • Edward H.Angle (1855-1930) is considered as
“FATHER OF MODERN ORTHODONTICS”
ᴪ He established the ORTHODONTIC speciality
ᴪ Classification of malocclusion
Pin and tube appliance
Edgewise appliance
ᴪ Started a school of orthodontics at St. Louis , New
London, Connecticut
ᴪ Indicated expansion rather than extraction
22. • Calvin case (1847-1923) promoted extractions
• Martin Dewey (1881-1933) was an ardent champion
of nonextraction, he modified the Angles classification
of malocclusion.
• Holly Broadbent & Hofarath (1931) developed
cephalometric radiography
• Bunocore (1955) introduced acid etching for bonding
23. • Raymond Begg of Australia introduced a light wire fixed
appliance technique
• Pierre Robin (1902) introduced Monobloc for patients
having glossoptosis
• Viggo Anderson (1910) developed Activator
• Rolf Frankel (1969-1973) introduced Frankel Regulator
• Lawrence Andrews introduced Straight wire appliance
