Introduction to Dental Anatomy

1. Introduction to Dental Anatomy &
Oral Histology
Dr. Vamshi Krishna. B
Dentist, Shalakya Tantra- Danta Vibhaga
Poornima Ayurvedic Medical College
Hospital and Research centre, Raichur.

2. Your Day Starts With???

4. Nomenclature
Deciduous teeth – 20 ( Milk teeth)
Permanent teeth – 32
Upper teeth – Maxillary teeth
Lower teeth – Mandibular teeth
At birth – No teeth
Eruption – Deciduous -6 months to 2 1/2yrs
Permanent – 6 years to 21 yrs

5. Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars
Maxilla
Mandible

6. Incisors – 2
Central & Lateral
Canine -1
Molars -2
Teeth
Maxillary
Mandibular
Deciduous teeth

8. Teeth
Maxillary
Mandibular
Incisors – 2
Central & Lateral
Canine -1
Premolars -2 Molars -3
Permanent Teeth

10. Dental formula:
Decidous teeth :
I 2/2 C 1/1 M 2/2
Permanent Teeth :
I 2/2 C1/1 PM 2/2 M 3/3

11. CROWN
ROOT
Parts of Tooth

12. Cementum
Alveolar Bone
Gingiva
Periodontal
Ligament
Enamel
Dentin
Parts of Tooth
Pulp

13. SURFACES & RIDGES
•Anterior teeth
• Posterior teeth
• Labial surface
• Buccal surface
• Proximal surface
• Median line
• Mesial surface
• Distal surface
• Contact area

15. Buccal
Labial

18. SEQUENCE OF ERUPTION OF
DECIDUOUS DENTITION:
• Maxillary ------ A B D C E
• Mandibular ----- A B D C E
• Maxillary --- 10, 11, 16, 19, 29 months
• Mandibular --- 6, 13, 16, 20, 27 months

19. Arch Tooth Eruption
Maxillary Central incisor 10 months
Lateral incisor 11 months
Canine 19 months
First molar 16 months
Second molar 29 months
Mandibular Central incisor 6 months
Lateral incisor 13 months
Canine 20 months
First molar 16 months
Second molar 27 months

20. SEQUENCE OF ERUPTION OF
PERMANENT DENTITION:
• Maxillary ------ 6, 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 7, 8
• Mandibular ----- 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8
Maxillary --- 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, 10-11, 10-12, 11-12, 12-13, 17-21yrs
Mandibular --- 6-7, 6-7, 7-8, 9-10, 10-12, 11-12, 11-13, 17-21yrs

21. Arch Tooth Eruption
Maxillary Central incisor 7-8 years
Lateral incisor 8-9 years
Canine 11-12 years
First Premolar 10-11 years
Second Premolar 10-12 years
First molar 6-7 years
Second molar 12-13years
Third molar 17-21 years
Mandibular Central incisor 6-7 years
Lateral incisor 7-8 years
Canine 9-10 years
First Premolar 10-12 years
Second Premolar 11-12 years
First molar 6-7 years
Second molar 11-13 years
Third molar 17-21 years

22. Landmarks
Cusp
Tubercle
Cingulum
Ridge
Marginal Ridge
Triangular Ridge
Transverse ridge
Oblique Ridge
Fossa
Sulcus
developmental Groove
Supplemental Groove
Pit
Lobe

23. CUSP
“ A cusp is an elevation or mound on
the crown portion of tooth making up a
divisional part of the occlusal surface”

24. CINGULUM
“ A cingulum is the lingual lobe of an
anterior tooth. It makes the bulk of the
cervical third of the lingual surface. Its
convexity mesiodistally resembles a girdle
encircling the lingual surface at the
cervical third”

25. RIDGE
“ A ridge is any linear elevation on the
surface of tooth and is named
according to location :
Buccal ridge
Lingual ridge
Incisal Ridge
Marginal Ridge

26. MARGINAL RIDGES
“ Marginal ridges are those rounded
borders of the enamel that form the
Mesial & distal margins of occlusal
surfaces of Premolars & Molars
Mesial & distal margins of lingual
surfaces of Incisors & Canines

28. TRIANGULAR RIDGES
“ Triangular ridges descend from the
tips of cusps of molars & premolars
toward the cental part of the
occlusal surfaces”
Named after – Cusps to which they belong

29. TRANSVERSE RIDGE
“ When a buccal & lingual triangular ridge
join, they form a transverse ridge”
Union of two triangular ridges – transverse
ridge = posterior tooth

30. OBLIQUE RIDGE
“ Oblique ridge is the ridge crossing
obliquely the occlusal surfaces of the
maxillary molars”
It is formed by union of triangular ridges of
Distobuccal cusp
Mesiolingual cusp

31. FOSSA
“ A fossa is an irregular depression or
concavity”
Types:
 Lingual fossa – Lingual surface of incisors
 Central fossae – Occlusal surface of molars
 Triangular Fossae – Occlusal surface of M & PM
- mesial/ distal to marginal ridges

32. SULCUS
“ A sulcus is a long depression or valley
in the surface of tooth between ridges
and cusps, the inclines of which meet at
an angle”

33. GROOVE
Developmental groove – Shallow groove /line between
the primary parts of crown and root
Supplemental Groove : Shallow linear groove on the
surface of tooth
Buccal & lingual Grooves – Developmental grooves on
buccal /lingual side

35. PITS
“ Pits are small pin point depressions
located at the junction of developmental
grooves.”

37. LOBES
“ A lobe is one of the primary sections of the
formation in the development of the crown”
 Cusps
 Mamellons
 “ A mamellon is any one of the 3
rounded protuberances found on
the incisal ridges of the newly
erupted incisor teeth”

39. ROOTS
 Single
 Multiple
Max & mand Anteriors – One root
Mand 1,2 &Max 2 PM – One root
Max 1 PM– two roots = buccal &Lingual
Maxillary molars – 3 roots – MB,DB &P
Mandibular Molars – 2 roots – M&D

42. Tooth Numbering systems
Universal Numbering system
Palmer Notation System
International/ FDI System

43. Universal Numbering System
 Suggested by Parreidt,1882
 Adopted by American Dental association –1975
 Uses numbers 1-32 for permanent teeth ---- 1-16,17-32
 Decidous teeth – alphabets- A-T ---- A-J , K-T

44. Palmer/Zsigmondy Notation system
Upper right
Lower left
Upper left
Lower right
87654321 12345678
12345678
87654321
EDCBA
EDCBA
ABCDE
ABCDE

45. International/ FDI system
1
4 3
2
8 7
6
5
Permanent
Decidous
87654321 12345678
12345678
87654321

47. Example
Maxillary right
Canine -Permanent
Universal – 6
Palmer –
FDI - 13
3
Maxillary right
Canine -Decidous
Universal – C
Palmer –
FDI - 53
C