This document provides an overview of television broadcasting systems and components. It discusses key aspects such as television standards, studio equipment like cameras and lighting, vision mixing, earth stations for satellite uplinks and downlinks, transmitters, antennas, and satellites. Doordarshan is India's public service broadcaster with 1500 transmitters and 70 production centers across the country providing terrestrial and satellite television services.

3.  GLIMPSE OF DDK BHOPAL
 INTRODUCTION
 TELEVISION STANDARDS
 FUNDAMENTALS OF TELEVISION SYSTEM
 TV STUDIO
 MSR
 EARTH STATION
 OB VAN
 ANTEENA & SATELLITE
 TRANSMITTER

5. INTRODUCTION
 Process of sending information to a distant
place is called Broadcasting.
 DOORDARSHAN = Distant + Show
 Means of Broadcasting in India: 1.Terrestrial.
2.Satellite. 3.Internet.
 Both AIR and DD make use of both Terrestrial
and Satellite.
 Doordarshan is a public broadcast terrestrial
Channel run by Prasar bharati.

6. INTRODUCTION cntd……
 Broadcasting started on 27th nov. 1975.
 The colour transmission service of National channel
started from 15th aug 1982.
 The regular colour transmission service from studio
was started in 1984.
 DD has 1500 Transmitters and 70 Production centers
across the Country.
 One of the largest broadcasting organizations in
India in terms of the infrastructure of studios and
transmitters.
 Doordarshan Kendra, Patna was inaugurated on the
13th October 1990.

7. • NTSC-National television standards
committee(US) (525 Horizontal & 60
vertical lines)
• SECAM-System electronics for colour avec
memory(FRANCE)(625 vertical &
50horizantal lines)
• PAL- Phase Alternating
lines(GERMANY)(625 horizontal & 50
vertical line)
Television standards used in India is PAL

9. TELEVISION COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
AUDIO
AMPLIFI
ER
FM MODULATOR
FM SOUND
TRANSMITTER
MIC
.
CRYSTAL
OSCILLAT
OR
RF AMPLIFIER
POWER
AMPLIFI
ER
SCANNING CIRCUIT
COMBINI
NG
NETWORK
DEPLEXER
CAME
RA
VIDEO
AMPLIFI
ER
AM
MODULATI
ON
AMPLIFIER

10. • A television studio, is an installation room in which video
productions take place, either for the recording of live
television to video tape, or for the acquisition of raw
footage for post-production.
• Studio hall contains many devices for shooting. Like
lighting , microphone, makeup room, Furniture, Cameras
and sound absorbers

11. Components of TV studio
• Camera
• Lighting
• Microphones
• Vision mixer and Audio consoles
• MSR

12.  camera is an optical instrument that records images that can be
stored directly, transmitted to another location, or both. These
images may be still photographs or moving images such as
videos or movies.
 A TV camera consist of three section.
 Optical part - To form optical image.
 Transducer - To convert optical image in to electrical signal.
 Electronic part - To process output of a transducer to get a
CCVS ( colour composite video signal).
 CCD Camera are used for recording.

13.  Hard lighting
 Soft lighting
Use gels to control the which
in beyond control to match it.
Never avoid the lighting
mismatch
Types

14. Sound is important for establishing mood and
intensifying an event
The sound track helps us to connect the
visual fragments of the relatively small, low-
definition television image to form a
meaningful whole

15. VISION MIXER
• A vision mixer (also called video
switcher, video mixer or production
switcher) is a device used to select
between several different video sources and
in some cases mix video sources together
and add special effects.
• It has many input sources such as cameras,
VCR/ server, Graphics/Character
Generators,etc.
• Out of these input, any source can be taken
as output.
• Sources can be changed as cut to cut,
dissolve, wipe and other special effects.

16. MSR
• It is the heart of the studio.
• Most of the switching electronics is
kept e.g. camera base stations,
switcher main frame, SPG, Satellite
receivers, MW link, DDA & most of
the patch panels.
• Signal is routed through MSR.
• Signal can be Monitored at various
stages

17. MSR-Workflow

18. EARTH STATION
• Earth Station is a very important part of
satellite communication system for
broadcasting of signals.
• It is an uplink center from which the signals
are fed to Satellite for distribution in a
specified area covered by the Satellite.
• The signal is up-linked from the Earth
Station and received by many down link
centers in TV broad casting via PDA.
• Two Types: 1) Analog, 2) Digital
• Digital Earth Stations are widely used
because of various advantages over analog.

19. Major Components of Digital
Earth Station
• PDA (Parabolic Dish Antenna)
• FEED
• Wave Guide / Low Loss Cable
• HPA (TWTA, Klystrons)
• Up converter
• Modulator
• Encoder
• Multiplexer
• IRD (Integrated Receiver Decoder)

20. EARTH STATION Down Linking Process
EARTH STATION Up linking process

21. EARTH
STATION TANSMITTER/RECEIVER
THE PROCESS OF TRANSMISSION
DTH
RECEIVER
DOWNLINKING
UPLINKING
40
SATTELITE

22. OB Van
41
 Outside broadcasting (OB) is the
electronic field production (EFP) of
television or radio programmes
(typically to cover television news and
sports television events) from a
mobile remote broadcast television
studio.

23. ANTENNA & SATELLITE
• An antenna (or aerial) is a transducer
designed to transmit or receive
electromagnetic waves. In other words,
antennas convert electromagnetic
waves into electrical currents and vice
versa.

24. • Isotropic antenna (idealized)
o Radiates power equally in all directions.
• Dipole antennas-
o Half-wave dipole antenna (or Hertz
antenna)
o Quarter-wave vertical antenna (or
Marconi antenna)
• Parabolic Dish / Reflective Antenna

25. TRANSMITTER
 Aid of antenna
 Produces radio wave
 Connect earth station
to satellites
 Also connect television
 A television transmitter is a device which broadcasts
an electromagnetic signal to the television receivers.
 Television transmitters may
be analog or digital.
 Types of Transmitters
 (1)VLPT’s
 (2)LPT’s
 (3)HPT’s
 DDK Patna Has 6 HPT’s, 24 LPT’s ,2 VLPT’s.

26. 54
T V STUDIO
PCR
Tx Room
MSR
Tx E/S
DTH Service
O B Van DSNG
Van
Rx cable TV
Rx E/S H P Tx
Rx dish
TV
DD Archives
SAT
Feed Room