3. CHLORINATION is the process of adding the
element chlorine to water as a method of water
purification to make it fit for human consumption
as drinking water. Water which has been treated
with chlorine is effective in preventing the
spread of waterborne disease. Chlorine Gas Dosing SystemDEEPAK GORAI
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
4. CHLORINE PROPERTIES NEED TO KNOW BEFORE
WORKING IN PLANT
AT NORMAL PRESSURE IT IS GAS BUT UNDER
PRESSURE IT IS LIQUID.
GASEOUS CHLORINE IS YELLOW BUT LIQUID
CHLORINE IS AMBER COLOUR.
IT IS PUNGENT AND SUFFOCATING
IT IS SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE IN WATER.
WET CHLORINE IS VERY CORROSIVE
CHLORINE HAS VAPOUR DENSITY 2.5 SO IT IS
HEAVER THEN AIR.ALWAYS REMAIN AT GROUND
LEVEL IN CASE OF LEAKAGE
DEEPAK GORAI
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
5. CHLORINE HAZARD
SHORT TIME EXPOSURE LIMIT IS 1 PPM.
UNDER THIS LIMIT ONE CAN WORK SAFETY UP TO 15MIN
WITHOUT IRRITATION,CHLORINE TISSUES CHANGED
FATAL DOSE IS 1000PPM
LEAKAGE
EXECT LEAKAGE POINT OF CHLORINE CAN BE DETECTED BY
AMMONIA TORCH.
LIQUID LEAKAGE SHOULD BE CONVERTED TO GASEOUS LEAKAGE
BY TURNING THE CYLINDER
ONE VOLUME OF LIQUID GIVES 460 VOLUME OF GASEOUS
CHLORINE.
LEAKAGE SHOULD ALWAYS BE ATTAINED BY USING PPEDEEPAK GORAI
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
6. FIRST AID
Eye Contact
„Immediately flush with large amounts of cool water. Continue for at least 30
minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Remove contact lenses, if
worn, while rinsing. Immediate medical attention is necessary.
Skin Contact
„Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash contaminated skin
with large amounts of soap and water. Seek medical attention Immediately.
Breathing
„Remove the person from exposure.
„Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if breathing has stopped
and CPR if heart action has stopped.
„Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
„Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after breathing
overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed.
DEEPAK GORAI
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
7. CHLORINE TONNER
Chlorine Gas Tonner and Cylinder, it is a device to
provide a continuous and constant supply of
metered chlorine in the safest possible manner..
DEEPAK GORAI
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
8. BOOSTER PUMP
BOOSTER PUMP HAS BEEN
DESIGN ESPECIALLY FOR
USE IN CHLORINATION
INSTALLATION .
THE CHLORINE GAS MUST
BE DISSOLVED IN WATER
UNDER VACUUM.THE
BOOSTER PUMP ENSURE
THAT A SUFFICIENT
AMOUNT OF MOTIVE
WATER IS SUPPLIED TO THE
EJECTORS AT THE
REQUIRED PRESSURE.
DEEPAK GORAI
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
9. chlorinator a heating element which in a simple and economical
method converts up to 220 kg/h of liquid chlorine into chlorine gas.
Thus the chlorine supply system must only be dimensioned so that
the containers can be changed at reasonable intervals.
CHLORINATOR
DEEPAK GORAI
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
10. Chlorine Scrubbing System
The system consists of Hoods for covering the chlorine tonner / cylinder
where chlorine
gas outlet valves are fitted. The storage tank are fabricated as one piece.
Highly efficient
centrifugal blowers of suitable size, necessary Hoods and Ducting are
provided as per the
number of tonner / cylinder accounted for service. Centrifugal pumps for
caustic solution re- circulation is also a part of the tonner based
DEEPAK GORAI
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
11. Role of caustic solution in Chlorine
Scrubbing System
01 No. Caustic Tank of Capacity 8 M3
made of PP + FRP is provided for
storage of 20 % conc. Caustic Solution
Sodium Hydroxide (caustic) is
normally used in the absorption
of chlorine containing gases.
When chlorine reacts with
the caustic salt is formed. Salt has
limited solubility in scrubber solutions.
Therefore there is a risk of precipitating
the salt when the caustic is depleted.
Role of caustic solution at Chlorine Scrubbing System in
Chlorination Plant
DEEPAK GORAI
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
12. Role of Blower at Chlorine Scrubbing System in
Chlorination Plant
Blowers to absorption tank.
3.BLOWER WITH ELECTRIC
MOTOR :
The system consists of 2 No.
of highly efficient centrifugal
for suction of leaked chlorine
from Hoods to the Absorption
Tank.
DEEPAK GORAI
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
13. Role of recirculation Pumps at Chlorine Scrubbing
System in Chlorination Plant
CAUSTIC RE – CIRCULATING
PUMP WITH ELECTRIC
MOTOR (For Toner) :
02 No. Caustic Re-Circulating
Pump of capacity 10 M3/Hr
at 10 Mtr head along with
suitable motor is provided
on caustic solution line to re
– circulate the caustic
solution in to the absorption
tank.
DEEPAK GORAI
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
14. When chlorine gas (Cl2) is added to the water (H2O), it hydrolyzes
rapidly to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the
hypochlorous acid will then dissociate into hypochlorite ions (OCl-
) and hydrogen ions (H+).
Cl2 + H2O -> HOCl + H+ + OCl-
Because hydrogen ions are produced, the water will become more
acidic (the pH of the water will decrease). The amount of
dissociation depends on the original pH of the water. If the pH of
the water is below a 6.5, nearly no dissociation will occur and the
hypochlorous acid will dominate. A pH above 8.5 will see a
complete dissociation of chlorine, and hypochlorite ions will
dominate. A pH between 6.5 and 8.5 will see both hypochlorous
acid and hypochlorite ions present in the water. Together, the
hypochlorous acid and the hypochlorite ions are referred to as
free chlorine. Hypchlorous acid is the more effective disinfectant,
and therefore, a lower pH is preferred for disinfection.
CHEMICAL RECTION
DEEPAK GORAI
CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
