Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
Viewers also liked
Similar to Carbohydrates
Similar to Carbohydrates (20)
Carbohydrates
- 1. Carbohydrates By DeeAnna Ryant Axia College
- 2. Table of Contents An Introduction to Carbohydrates Simple Carbohydrates Complex Carbohydrates Sugar Digestion and Absorption Carbohydrate Benefits Carbohydrate Rich Foods Diabetes Conclusion
- 3. Introduction to Carbohydrates Carbohydrates consist of: Sugar Starches Fiber
- 5. Fructose
- 7. Complex Carbohydrates Sugar ~ Starch ~ Fiber Oligosaccharides Polysaccharides
- 8. Sugar Digestion and Absorption Mouth Pancreas Small Intestine Liver Salivary Amylase Pancreatic Amylases Small Intestine Enzymes Insulin
- 9. Carbohydrate Benefits Carbohydrates provide energy! Diets high in complex carbohydrates may reduce the risk of: Chronic Bowel Dysfunction Colon Cancer Diabetes Heart disease
- 10. Carbohydrate Rich Foods Whole-Grain Foods Fruits Vegetables Milk Products
- 11. Diabetes Affects about 16 million Americans Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes
- 13. Provides many health benefits
- 14. Can help prevent some diseases and dysfunctions
Editor's Notes
- Title Page
- Table of Contents
- Carbohydrates are one of the six types of nutrients that a body needs. According to Smolin and Grosvenor (2005), carbohydrate’s primary role is providing energy to fuel the body; the main source of this energy is glucose. There are two kinds of carbohydrates – simple and complex which will be covered in the next slide.Sugar – (glucose, fructose, and galactose) is the most important carbohydrate fuel for the body; it is distributed to cells in the blood, which we call blood sugar (Smolin and Grosvenor, 2005).Starches – A polysaccharide, or chain of sugars that provides energy to the body.Fiber – is part of fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans that a body cannot digest. Fiber is not a nutrient but it aides the body in carrying food through the digestive system (Merki, 1999).
- Sugar is a simple carbohydrate which means it contains a single sugar molecule and are usually sweet in taste.A single sugar molecule is called a monosaccharide.Two combined sugar molecules are called a disaccharide and is still a simple carbohydrate.Three common monosaccharide's in the diet are glucose, fructose, and galactose. Glucose is the most important carbohydrate fuel for the body (Smolin and Grosvenor 2005).Simple carbohydrates are found in foods such as table sugar, honey, milk, and fruit (Smolin and Grosvenor 2005).Milk, yogurt, and cheese provides unrefined simple carbohydrates in the form of lactose (Smolin and Grosvenor 2005).
- Complex Carbohydrates can also be found in sugar – but are made of many sugars linked together and are generally not sweet to the taste like simple carbohydrates (Smolin and Grosvenor 2005).Short chains are called oligosaccharides found in onions and legumes and longer chains are called polysaccharides (Smolin and Grosvenor 2005).Polysaccharides are found in starch and fiber in the foods we consume. When we consume starchy and fibrous foods such as grains, legumes, vegetables, and fruits we are eating these plants energy stores.Complex Carbohydrate foods also provide fiber to aid digestion. Health experts generally recommend that you get about 55 percent of the calories you eat from carbohydrates, mainly from complex carbohydrates. (Merki 1999).
- After you eat, the carbohydrate in your food is digested and absorbed and enters your bloodstream as glucose (Smolin and Grosvenor 2005).The digestion of sugars begins in the mouth where your salivary amylase (enzymes) break the sugars into smaller molecules (or simple sugars). The smaller sugar molecules make their way through the stomach and then to the small intestine where the pancreas releases amylases (enzymes) to complete the breakdown of starch into maltose (or simple sugar). Enzymes attached to the wall of the small intestine complete the digestion by breaking maltose, sucrose, and lactose into glucose, fructose, and galactose. Fructose and galactose can be used for energy or converted into glucose. Some glucose will be stored and some will enter the blood stream as blood sugar. The liver in response to the release of insulin from the pancreas will regulate the amount of glucose (or sugar) that enters the blood or that will be stored.(Source: Smolin, L. A., & Grosvenor, M. B. (2005). Nutrition: Everyday Choices. : Wiley, John & Sons)When foods are eaten with fat, protein, and fiber the digestive process slows down because it takes the digestive system longer to break these nutrients down, therefore sugars when eaten with these nutrients enters the bloodstream slower.
- To reap the benefits of carbohydrates it is very important to know the difference between refined and unrefined carbohydrates. Refined carbohydrates have been processed and stripped of most of its nutrient density and contain empty calories. Unrefined carbohydrates (or whole-food sources) are foods such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables and are high in fiber and macronutrients (Smolin and Grosvenor 2005). Choose unrefined food sources over refined food sources for a healthier more nutrient dense diet.The most important role of carbohydrate consumption is to provide your body with energy. Carbohydrates may reduce the risk of chronic bowel dysfunction. The carbohydrate fiber helps bulk up and soften fecal stools which makes it easier to have a bowel movement. Without a balanced diet some gastrointestinal problems that might occur are constipation, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, and more serious problems like infection.Carbohydrates is thought to reduce the risk of colon cancer by fermented carbohydrates protecting the colon area.Fiber slows the absorption of sugar or glucose into the bloodstream which can help maintain blood glucose levels.Fiber-rich foods provide macronutrients and phytochemicals which may protect from heart disease (Smolin and Grosvenor 2005).
- Foods rich in carbohydrates are:Whole-grain foods such as cereals, breads, brown rice, oatmeal, and pastas.Fruits such as bananas, oranges, and raisins.Vegetables such as peas, corn, carrots, and yams.Milk products such as milk and yogurt.These are just a few different foods rich in carbohydrates. Other food items that are high in carbohydrates are legumes such as kidney beans and navy beans.
- According to Merki (2009), diabetes is a disease that prevents the body from converting food into energy. About 16 million people in the United States have diabetes and most of those affected do not know they have it.Diabetes is caused by problems with the production and function of a hormone called insulin. Insulin regulates the level of glucose in the body (Merki 1999).Type 1 diabetes is when little or no insulin is produced by the pancreas and a person must inject themselves with insulin to stay healthy.Type 2 diabetes is when not enough insulin is produced by the pancreas and a person may take daily injections or may take oral medication to stay healthy.Diabetes facts:Cannot be cured Can lead to other severe health problems Obesity increases the risk of diabetes Being over the age of 40 increases the risk of diabetes Most cases of diabetes are Type 2 diabetes
- Carbohydrates are the body’s main source of energy.Carbohydrates are important to keeping a balanced diet. By keeping a balanced diet it is easier for the body to regulate itself and function in a healthy manner.Carbohydrates may also help prevent diabetes, colon cancer, and regulate the digestive system.Carbohydrates are found in so many food choices that you are probably eating them without even realizing it. The most important thing to remember about carbohydrates is to avoid too many refined products and to look for whole and unrefined products.Checking nutritional labels, reading product ingredients, and keeping track of your diet are all ways to help eat a healthy, balance, nutrient dense diet!