Artifacts in Nuclear Medicine with Identifying and resolving artifacts.
dr. Wahida Ratnawati, Sp.N, M.Kes, FIN. NMTC.Tc.Neu-introduction NMT MAKNA.pptx
1. dr. Wahida R, Sp.N, FIN, M.Kes, NMTC.Tc.Neu
PRINSIP DASAR APLIKASI
NEUROMUSCULAR TAPING (NMT)
22 OKTOBER 2022
MAKASSAR NEURORESTORASI UPDATE (MAKNA)
2. Pendahuluan
Penggunaan perban untuk pengobatan sudah ada
sejak jaman Romawi kuno penggunaan perban
pada area cedera untuk mengurangi kerusakan dan
mencetus penyembuhan.
1970 penggunaan adhesive elastic tape untuk
olah raga
Teknik NeuroMuscular Taping ditemukan tahun
2003 oleh David Blow
3. It’s a biomechanical therapy using decompressive and
compressive stimuli to obtain positive effects in the
musculoskeletal, vascular, lymphatic and neurological
systems.
As the tapes form wrinkles and lift the skin, they facilitate
venous and lymphatic drainage, improve blood circulation,
and relieve pain.
They also correct the alignment of joints, support muscles
during movement, and improve stability and posture.
What is the NeuroMuscular Taping
concept?
5. NMT
Neuro Muscular Taping
Dekompresi Kompresi
Kulit, pembuluh darah,
saraf, otot, dan tendon
Otot, tendon,
sendi
Memperbaiki elastisitas otot, sirkulasi
darah, drainase limfatik, untuk
mensuplay dan drainase jaringan
Meningkatkan performa otot
dan tendon, stabilitas sendi
6. NMT
NMT suatu teknik aplikasi adesif tape
elastis pada kulit, yang memberikan efek
terapi lokal, secara langsung juga tidak
langsung.
Aplikasi NMT yang benar dapat mengurangi
nyeri dan memfasilitasi drainage limfatik
melalui formasi lipatan kulit
7. What is the difference between NeuroMuscular Taping and other forms of
taping?
Stretching a tape – creating and concentric return of the elastic fibre found inside the tape. Applying
a stretched tape in this way over the skin causes a concentric stimulation creating a compressive
force over the skin. This compression creates constriction over skin, connective tissue, muscle fascia,
muscle tendon, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and neural pathways. Compression limits the
passage of essential blood flow and oxygenation that is fundamental to recovery in rehabilitation
medicine.
8. What is the difference between NeuroMuscular Taping and other forms of
taping?
Zero Stretch Taping
Applying a non-stretched tape over the skin causes an eccentric stimulation
creating a decompressive force over the skin.
This decompression creates dilation or reduced pressure over the skin, connective tissue,
muscle fascia, tendons, joints, blood and lymphatic vessels and neural pathways.
Decompression and dilation facilitates the passage of essential blood flow and
oxygenation that is fundamental to regeneration and recovery in rehabilitation medicine.
9. What is the difference between NeuroMuscular Taping and other forms of
taping?
Zero Stretch Taping
All neurological and post surgical conditions will benefit from increased
oxygenation to the affected area.
The first key in improving muscle tone and to reduce muscle fatigue is to
enhance blood nutrition and oxygenation to the muscle fibre
10. What is the difference between NeuroMuscular Taping and other forms of
taping?
Stretched taping is only Ischemic
Non stretched tape is normalizing blood flow
11. NMT is ELASTIC-DECOMPRESSION Taping
DECOMPRESSIVE - eccentric stimulation
COMPRESSIVE - concentric stimulation
Features NeuroMuscular Taping
12. Metode Dekompresi
Penggunaan tape elastis pada kulit aksi biomekanik
Aksi eksentrik menyebabkan efek dilatasi pada sirkulasi dan sistem limfatik sehingga meningkatkan
fungsi.
Nyeri, inflamasi, kekakuan dan kelelahan otot kompresi dan menghambat drainase limfatik dan
aliran darah, sehingga harus dilakukan dekompresi.
eksentrik Konsentrik
13. Menginduksi perubahan microenvironment lokal stimulasi reseptor pada kulit dan
jaringan di bawahnya
Wu et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2015, Article ID 950519, 9 pages, 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/950519
The space-lifting
mechanism will help
the drainage of fluid.
Then the
inflammation factors
and pressure can be
reduced, and the
movement of muscle
can be improved.
Bagaimana kerja taping?
14. “Most treatment protocols uses a decompression method to
reduce pain and to facilitate recovery” - explains David Blow
– “the correct use of the tape is to create dilation that will
improve blood flow and lymphatic drainage. This is the key in
a progressive rehabilitation approach”
Features NeuroMuscular Taping
15. Aplikasi NMT menginduksi perubahan microenvironment stimulasi receptor
pada kulit dan transmisi stimulus exteroceptive and prioprioceptive ke SSP
dan mencetus respons otot
Mekanoreseptor sensorik:
• Ruffini : tekanan
• Meisner : texture, slow vibration
• Pacini : deep pressure, fast vibration
• Merkel disc : touch and pressure
• Free nerve endings : detect mechanical
stimuli (touch, pressure, strecthed) or
pain nociception
Exteroceptive
Proprioceptive
16. Effect of Taping in Pain Reduction
The tape will activate
large fiber for non pain
stimuli (Aβ fiber) and act
as an inhibitory signal to
pain stimulus from C and
Aδ fiber
Tape
Remote action via Pain Sensory
System Pathway The Gate
Control Theory
17. Gate Control Theory of Pain
Fungsi gate ini memodulasi stimulus aferen dari serabut saraf nosisptif dan non-
nosiseptif melalui serabut type Ad dan C (small caliber pain fiber) serta Ab (large
kaliber, non pain fiber).
18. Modulasi Neuronal Pada NMT
Stimulus nyeri dan stimulus mechanikal yang dihasilkan dari aplikasi NMT akan ditransmisi secara simultan
Transmisi stimulus nyeri akan dilemahkan akibat aksi eksitatorik oleh serabut Ab pada neuron inhibitorik di subs. Gelatinosa.
NMT
19.
20. Effect of Taping In Sensorimotor System
• Aplikasi NMT stimulasi mekanoreseptor
kutan
• Menyebabkan stimulus yang cukup dan
mencetus impuls saraf sepanjang serabut
afferent menuju SSP
• Memodifikasi mekanisme feedback
sensorimotor dan proprioceptif.
22. Mengangkat kulit
Dilatasi di bawah kulit Fasilitasi drainage
limfatik
Sirkulasi darah dan vena
balik
Mengurangi nyeri
Mempertahankan
efek relaksasi otot
Kerutan pada Tape
23. NeuroMuscular Taping
Typical applications
Treatment of upper and lower limb muscle conditions and muscle
fatigue
Treatment of hypertrophic scars and adhesions
Treatment of scars to limit the formation of keloids
Post surgery rehabilitation and other medical and instrumental
interventions
Neurology rehabilitation. Stroke
Acute, post acute and chronic conditions
Degenerative neurology conditions such as Parkinsons, MS, Cerebral
Palsy
24. NeuroMuscular Taping
Precaution and considerations
Internal bleeding
Infection
Cancer and Metastasis
Trombositosis and Flebitis
Skin Abrasions, melanoma, Hight sensitive skin
Caution Pregnancy (prohibited abdominal and spinal applications)
25. Cakupan aplikasi NMT
1.Anatomy dan area terget terapi pemahaman anatomi, anatomi
fungsionaldan fisiologi sebagai dasar terapi
2. Anatomi kulit dan garis elastisitas dan batas elastisitas.
3.Aplikasi tanpa regangan (Zero stretch)
4.Lebar tape, tergantung kedalaman target. Makin superfisial makin kecil.
5.Jarak antara strip kedalaman aksi
26. NeuroMuscular Taping Characteristics
of Tape
Elastics only in its length – 40% over its original length
Similar to skin elasticity
10 cm of “tape” will extend to an maximum of 14 cm
Cotton-based tape with fine elastic fiber only in length
27. NeuroMuscular Taping Characteristics
of Tape
Allows normal skin transpiration
Adhesive from a few days to one (1) week and does not leave any
glue residue
Water resistant. Gets wet and will dry easily
Constant lymphatic drainage for 24 hours a day
Biomechanical action
Does not contain chemical or pharmacological ingredients
29. NeuroMuscular Taping Characteristics
of Tape
Duration of Each Application
Average 3-4 days
Depending on the technique used and cut of application
Depending on body sweating and activity
Depending on showering and swimming activities
Frequently applied in acute phase of treatment
Applied over a longer period of time in functional phase of treatment
31. NeuroMuscular Taping
How to cut
Tape may be cut into the following widths:
5cm
2,5cm
1,25cm
1.0cm
0,8cm
0,6cm
0.5 cm
0.4 cm
0.3 cm
Deep
Superficial
32. NeuroMuscular Taping
IMPORTANT Considerations
The tape is always measured on the body and cut to size
Always leave a few extra cm
Round the corners
Do not touch the glue
Always put the body or skin in a stretched position
34. NeuroMuscular Taping
Treatment Applications
Decompression Application method
For single muscle and advanced techniques
Reference page from NMT book
Indicate length and width
Indicate tape tension level
Indicate shape of tape
Indicate the clinical application
Indicate the frequency and duration of treatments
guidelines
37. Kontraindikasi
• Infeksi
• Ca / metastasis
• Trombosis dan flebitis
• Internal bleeding
• Melanoma
• Abrasi kulit
• Aplikasi pada perut dan spine pada wanita hamil
• Insufisiensi Vena dan kolitis ulseratif
38. Kesimpulan
NMT bekerja pada level sensori, muskuler, limfatik/hematik dan artikuler sehingga dapat
mengurangi nyeri, drainase limfatik dan vena, memperbaiki vaskularisasi dan memperbaiki
postur.
Stimulus mekanikal yang dihasilkan dari aplikasi NMT secara simultan dapat
melemahkan stimulus nyeri lewat mekanisme gate control
Kerutan pada tape menyebabkan efek dekompresi
Aplikasi NMT diperlukan pemahaman anatomi termasuk anatomi kulit dan elastisitas serta
fisiologi yang baik sehingga tujuan dekompresi dapat tercapai.
These receptors transmit exteroceptive and prioprioceptive stimuli to CNS and trigerring reflex muscle responses
Thus, the tape will facilitate skin and muscle motion in orders to achieve biomechanical therapeutic effect in treated areas
These receptors transmit exteroceptive and prioprioceptive stimuli to CNS and trigerring reflex muscle responses
Thus, the tape will facilitate skin and muscle motion in orders to achieve biomechanical therapeutic effect in treated areas
Any pain stimuli will stimuli small pain fiber (Aδ dan C) and/or large, non fiber (Aβ) substansia gelatinosa di posterior horn of spinal cord, where various type of sensation are recognized
