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Artificial Intelligence - Intro History Adv Disad and Types.pptx
- 1. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CBSE - CODE 417 CLASS IX
- 7. AI is a form of intelligence; a type of technology and a field of study. AI theory and development of computer systems (both machines and software) are able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence covers a broad range of domains and applications and is expected toimpact every field in the future. Overall, its core idea is building machines and algorithms which are capable of performing computational tasks that would otherwise require human like brain functions. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
- 8. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Intelligent Machines Ability to think Giving life to Non Living Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science aimed at developing machines which are intelligent enough to do certain tasks that would normally be performed only by humans
- 9. • Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science aimed at developing machines which are intelligent enough to do certain tasks that would normally be performed only by humans. • It uses machine learning to continuously learn and adapt its algorithms to become smarter each time and autonomously undertake actions without human intervention. • Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans. • It has recently gained prominence because of proliferation of internet, connected devices and data availability
- 10. HARD FOR COMPUTERS BUT EASY FOR HUMANS HARD FOR HUMANS BUT EASY FOR COMPUTERS 1. Classifying Objects in an image 2. Complex Computations Activity :
- 11. HARD FOR COMPUTERS BUT EASY FOR HUMANS 1. Classifying Objects in an image Activity :
- 12. HARD FOR HUMANS BUT EASY FOR COMPUTERS 1. Complex Computations Activity :
- 14. PADLET • https://padlet.com/msharma9/79da64toml19ofqv How do you think AI can help you as you go about your daily life. https://padlet.com/manisha_80/i7xxiy4dbjj5
- 15. AIMS OF AI • AI aims to design devices or applications that can replicate v human intelligence • It mainly aims to solve the problems that require knowledge processing • It aims to connect perception and action • Game playing is one of the major functions of AI. It aims to build machines that can perform tasks such as proving a theorem , playing chess and driving car in traffic • Expert system is another major areas of AI. An expert system created through AI can exhibit intelligent behavior, learn new things by itself, demonstrate, explain and advise its users.
- 16. ADVANTAGES OF AI AI helps in reducing human error AI helps in increasing productivity AI makes the decision making process faster AI helps in reducing cost AI performs repeated tasks without getting tired or bored AI is robust AI helps in carrying out odd jobs AI helps in improving security
- 17. DISADVANTAGES OF AI • Highly Expensive • Cannot exhibit human emotions • AI cannot learn with experience and has no decision making capacity • AI is not creative • Unemployment • AI cannot replicate humans
- 18. HISTORY OF AI
- 19. MAJOR TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Based on Capabilities Narrow/Weak AI General/Strong AI Super AI Based on Functionality Reactive Machines Limited Memory Theory of Mind Self Awareness
- 20. DEDICATED TO ONE TASK NARRO W AI PERFORM LIKE HUMANS GENERA L AI MORE INTELLIGEN T THAN HUMANS SUPER AI
- 21. NARROW AI OR WEAK AI (ANI) • Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) also known as “Weak” AI is the AI that exists in our world today. Narrow AI is AI that is programmed to perform a single task — whether it’s checking the weather, being able to play chess, or analyzing raw data to write journalistic reports. • very sort of machine intelligence that surrounds us today is Narrow AI. Google Assistant, Google Translate, Siri and other natural language processing tools are examples of Narrow AI. Some might assume that these tools aren’t “weak” because of their ability to interact with us and process human language, but the reason that we call it “Weak” AI is because these machines are nowhere close to having human-like intelligence. They lack the self-awareness, consciousness, and genuine intelligence to match human intelligence. In other words, they can’t think for themselves. E.g. Apple Siri, IBM Watson, Google Translate, Image Recognition, Spam Filters, Recommendation.
- 24. GENERAL AI(AGI) • Artificial general intelligence (AGI), also referred to as strong AI or deep AI, is the concept of a machine with general intelligence that mimics human intelligence and/or behaviors, with the ability to learn and apply its intelligence to solve any problem. AGI can think, understand, and act in a way that is indistinguishable from that of a human in any given situation.
- 27. ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE (AGI) • Artificial General Intelligence, also known as ‘strong AI’ allows a machine to apply knowledge and skills in different contexts. This more closely mirrors human intelligence by providing opportunities for autonomous learning and problem-solving. In other words, AGI can successfully perform any intellectual task that a human being can. This is the sort of AI that sci-fi movies portray.
- 28. ARTIFICIAL SUPER INTELLIGENCE (ASI) • Artificial super intelligence (ASI), is the hypothetical AI that doesn’t just mimic or understand human intelligence and behavior; ASI is where machines become self-aware and surpass the capacity of human intelligence and ability. For example : Applications that can learn, think, make judgments or even communicate on their own .
- 30. ARTIFICIAL SUPER INTELLIGENCE (ASI) • Artificial Super Intelligence is something more advanced than ‘strong AI’ which could end the human race. They will not only replicate the multi-faceted intelligence of human beings but will be exceedingly better at everything. The ASI will be designed with better memory, faster data processing and analysis, and decision-making capabilities.
- 32. REACTIVE MACHINES • Reactive Machine — The most basic type that is unable to form memories and use past experiences to inform decisions. They can’t function outside the specific tasks that they were designed for. Works on Present data. They perceive the work and react to world. • The process only recent scenarios and react accordingly. • Examples • Google’s AI-Powered Predictions • Ridesharing Apps Like Uber and Lyft • Commercial Flights Use an AI Autopilot • Spam Filters • Plagiarism Checkers • Mobile Check Deposits • Social networking sites like fb, insta, snapchat we use filters in that • Online shopping • Mobile use --- voice to text, like Siri and google assistant • IBM DEEPS BLUE (Garry Kasparov)
- 33. Reactive machines • Reactive machines are the most basic types of AI systems that perceive the world directly and act on what it sees. The computer is purely reactive, and neither has to form memory nor to use past experience. AI researcher Rodney Brooks argued in a seminal paper that we should only build this kind of AI. For example, Deep Blue, IBM’s chess-playing supercomputer that made a breakthrough by beating grandmaster Garry Kasparov in 1997 was a reactive machine. It did not take any pre-applied datasets or look for previous matches. All it knows was how to play the game and conditions. The computer moved chess coins based on its real-time intuition and won the game.
- 35. LIMITED MEMORY MACHINES • Limited memory machines are more powerful than reactive machines as these can store past experiences or knowledge for a short period of time. With Limited Memory, machine learning architecture becomes a little more complex. Every machine learning model requires limited memory to be created, but the model can get deployed as a reactive machine type. Nearly all existing applications that we know of come under this category of AI. (Short Lived) • Example Self driven cars – the distance of other cars, the speed limit and other information to navigate the road. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=taMP_n3wL7M • Chatbots
- 37. Limited Memory • Limited memory machines are ditto of reactive machines added with historical data which will help them take decisions. Almost all the machines that we use today are limited memory machines, which are powered by datasets. AI systems use deep learning and are trained by large volumes of data that they store in their memory to form a reference model for solving future problems. For example, an image recognition AI is trained to determine and label certain things like a cat or a dog from a picture. It knows how a cat or a dog looks from the previously trained datasets. Henceforth, it opts out the matching images.
- 38. THEORY OF MIND • Theory of mind AI is the next level of AI systems that researchers are currently engaged in innovating. A theory of mind level AI will be able to better understand the entities it is interacting with by discerning their needs, emotions, beliefs, and thought processes. • This is because to truly understand human needs, AI machines will have to perceive humans as individuals whose minds can be shaped by multiple factors, essentially “understanding” humans.
- 40. THEORY OF MIND
- 41. SELF AWARENESS • Self awareness AI will be the most powerful in the coming future. This is the final stage of AI development which currently exists only hypothetically. Self-aware AI, which, self explanatorily, is an AI that has evolved to be so akin to the human brain that it has developed self-awareness. Creating this type of AI, which is decades, if not centuries away from materializing, is and will always be the ultimate objective of all AI research. This type of AI will not only be able to understand and evoke emotions in those it interacts with, but also have emotions, needs, beliefs, and potentially desires of its own. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ad79nYk2keg&t=1 38s
- 43. Self-aware AI is the exact thing that is portrayed in AI-movies. The critical AI robots that think on their own and destroy humans are the ideology-driven from self-aware AI. However, we can’t predict that all might go bad. There are also chances that the futuristic AI might go hand-in-hand with humans. Even though it is impossible for now, self-aware AI is on the bucket list for many scientists. Tech personalities like Elon Musk and Stephen Hawkings have consistently warned us about the evolution of AI which could reach the self-aware stage.