This presentation was initially given at the Apple Daily 2019 Quarterly Self-Introspection Meeting. I was invited by the Association of Taiwan Journalists as a representative of Women's March Taiwan to present findings regarding areas of improvement in news reporting with relation to gender. Topics included an overview of the Convention for Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), sexual objectification and its ramifications on physical and mental well-being on individual and societal levels, relationship to toxic masculinity, relationship to gender-based violence, and sexually objectifying environments; recommendations for non-objectifying wording (in Mandarin) when describing persons; specific citations of 3 instances in recent news published by Apple Daily where sexually objectifying or incendiary wording was used; the importance of including women's perspectives in reporting; recommended foreign media that typically exemplify best practices and which have Chinese language content; and resources for ethical, accountable, and gender-balanced journalism. Author's Note / Women's March Taiwan has since re-branded in Mandarin from 台灣女性長征 to 我們台灣

1. Effects of Gender
Portrayal in Media and
Society
媒體性別形容與社會關聯
Presented by Darice Chang 張芯甯 演講
WOMEN'S MARCH TAIWAN
台灣⼥性⻑征

2. Who am I?
I'M DARICE 張芯甯
Ketagalan Media 凱達格蘭媒體
Taipei Times 台北時報
The News Lens International 關鍵評論網 國際版
Taiwan Sentinel
FREELANCE JOURNALIST ⾃由國際媒體/英語記者
Ambassador
WOMEN'S MARCH TAIWAN 台灣⼥性⻑征

3. 「消除對婦⼥⼀切形式歧視公約」（CEDAW）
對於媒體報導與性別⼈權之連結性，強調媒體新
聞報導應盡到預防性暴⼒的責任
媒體防爆的社會責任

4. 236. The continued projection of negative and degrading images of women in media
communications - electronic, print, visual and audio - must be changed. Print and electronic media
in most countries do not provide a balanced picture of women’s diverse lives and contributions to
society in a changing world. In addition, violent and degrading or pornographic media products are
also negatively affecting women and their participation in society.
我們必須改變對婦⼥在媒體通訊中的負⾯和有辱⼈格的影像 - 電⼦，印刷，視覺和⾳頻。 ⼤多數國家的印
刷和電⼦媒體不提供對與⼥性的多樣化⽣活及在不斷變化的世界中對社會的貢獻的平衡圖景。 此外，暴⼒
和有辱⼈格或⾊情的媒體產品也對婦⼥及其⼥性參與社會產⽣了負⾯影響。
Beijing 20 聯合國第四世界婦⼥⼤會
United Nations "Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women", Beijing 4-15, September 2015

5. 性物化
SEXUAL
OBJECTIFICATION
S.O. occurs when a woman’s body or body parts are
singled out and separated from her as a person and she
is viewed primarily as a physical object of male sexual
desire (Bartky, 1990)
⼥性肢體及肢體部分單⼀及分離個⼈本性同時主要關注
點落如被男性性慾望的⽬標性物化
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
美國⼼理學協會

6. media glorifies violence (i.e. war, killing, fighting) while
censoring the bodies of women, and this prominent
contradiction perpetuates rape culture, the fetishization of
breasts, and limits certain freedoms for women (Esco, 2014)
媒體褒揚暴⼒(如 戰爭，殺率，戰⾾) 同時審查⼥性肢體，⽽這
反差延續性暴⼒、乳房的迷戀、及限制婦⼥某些⾃由
#FreeTheNipple #解放乳頭
審查導致迷戀
Patterson, Laura, "Whiteness in contemporary feminist campaigns : Free the Nipple." (2016). College of Arts & Sciences
Senior Honors Theses. Paper 100. http://doi.org/10.18297/honors/100

7. 語⾔與社會安全語⾔⽤詞影響想法導致社會氣分與安全性
「24歲F乳奶媽跳繩」
物化⼥性
年齡
外表(乳房)
不敬之⾔
對⼥⼦的傷害
過度重視外賣
⾮可版⾝材⾄不⾃愛
價值觀混亂
沒有⾃信
對⺟親的傷害
矮化⼥性腳⾊
對異性的傷害
物化⼥性是芸許的⾏為

8. 語⾔與社會安全語⾔⽤詞影響想法導致社會氣分與安全性
ＳＯ
Sexual objectification
changes the way people
view women by reducing
them to sexual objects—
denied humanity and an
internal mental life, as well
as deemed unworthy of
moral concern.
性物化
性物化改變⼈對⼥性的看
法，把⼥性簡化為性道具，
否認他⼈仁道與內在⽣活及
不值得道德觀住
⼥性價值在於外貌
⼈價值在於⽣命
矮化葛⼈發展可能性
社會失去才華
物品「壞了」就該丟掉
objectification is related to
increased sexual violence
toward women
性物化與對⼥性的性暴⼒平
率有直接關係
Loughnan, Steve & Pina, Afroditi & Vasquez, Eduardo & Puvia, Elisa. (2013). Sexual Objectification Increases Rape
Victim Blame and Decreases Perceived Suffering. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 10.1177/0361684313485718.
https://www.apa.org/education/ce/sexual-objectification.pdf

9. TOXIC
MASCULINITY
有毒陽剛味
對兩性傷害的思維
Kilmartin C. (2015) Men’s Violence Against Women: An Overview. In: Johnson A. (eds) Religion and Men's Violence
Against Women. Springer, New York, NY
Violence against women is the product of
masculine socialization, individual pathology,
sexism, peer support, cultural beliefs, media
influences, and other sources of power imbalances
between the sexes, most notably economic
inequality.
對婦⼥的暴⼒⾏為是男性社會化，個⼈病態，性別歧
視，同伴⽀持，⽂化信仰，媒體影響以及兩性之間權
⼒失衡的其他來源的結果，尤其是經濟不平等。

10. 性物化及
⾝⼼健康
S.O. experiences lead to more self-objectification, which
leads to more body shame, which results in depression
and/or disordered eating
受到性物化經驗導致更多⾃我客體化，導致更多⾝體羞
恥，導致抑鬱和/或飲⻝紊亂
性物化對⾝⼼的傷害
https://www.apa.org/education/ce/sexual-objectification.pdf

11. manifestations of objectifying gaze that may be present in an
SOE are the inclusion of visual media showing interpersonal
encounters (i.e., men looking at women in advertisements) and
visual media depicting women’s bodies and body parts
(Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997).
SOE有可能實踐的客體化凝視的表現形式包括顯⽰⼈際交往的
視覺媒體（即，在廣告中看⼥性的男性）和描繪⼥性⾝體和⾝
體部位的視覺媒體(Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997)
性物化環境
Sexually
Objectifying
Environment
American Psyhological Association "Sexual Objectification of Women: Advances to Theory and Research"

12. 她的聲⾳
for a stereotypical female character, her body or beauty is given
more prominence, compared to her talent and aspirations.
以⼀位刻板⼥性腳⾊，⾝體或美貌引起的注意⼒超逾才華或意願
"IT IS IMPORTANT THAT WOMEN'S
STORIES, EXPERIENCES AND VOICES
ARE INCLUDED IN THE MEDIA. [...] IF
THERE'S NO TRUE REPRESENTATION,
THE MEDIA IS NOT CREDIBLE."
- CRISTAL WILLIAMS CHANCELLOR,
WOMEN'S MEDIA CENTER 婦⼥媒體中⼼
https://www.edexlive.com/people/2018/aug/09/digital-space-is-unsafe-for-women-cristal-williams-chancellor-3611.html

13. 媒體的⻆⾊
240. By national and international media systems: Develop,
consistent with freedom of expression, regulatory mechanisms,
including voluntary ones, that promote balanced and diverse
portrayals of women by the media and international
communication systems and that promote increased
participation by women and men in production and decision-
making.
發展與⾔論⾃由⼀致的監管機制，包括⾃願機制，促進媒體和國際
傳播系統對婦⼥的平衡和多樣化描繪，促進婦⼥和男⼦更多地參與
⽣產和決策。
United Nations "Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women", Beijing 4-15, September 2015

14. 字詞⾔語建議
字詞
任何苗素外表的
物化名詞: 乳，
奶，美腿，辣
妹，正妹，⼩鮮
⾁，xx妹，xx
哥，等
語調
與其為 客觀 仁道
禁⽌ : ⾊情，煽
動性

15. 實際練習
xxx
好動的孩⼦更聰明，美
國學校推廣「課間操」
更多證據表明，⽩天短暫的課間活
動更有助於學⽣集中注意⼒。
xxx
「⽉經平等」⾏動將在
紐約取得實質進展
「⽉經平等」⾏動主張，⼥性衛⽣
⽤品應該與衛⽣紙等⽣活必需品⼀
樣，不⽤繳稅，在公共衛⽣間免費
供應。
xxx
妹⼦疑遭性侵引爆⼤⽕拼
18⼈街頭開槍砍⼈⼜燒⾞

16. 推薦國際媒體
NEW YORK TIMES
紐約時報
DEUTSCHE WELLE
DW 德國之聲
FINANCIAL TIMES
FT 英國⾦融時報

17. 道德媒體⾃我學習
Ethical Journalism
Network
道德新聞記著網
Accountable Journalism
問責新聞
Women's Media Center
婦⼥媒體中⼼