Seminar

1. HANDICAPPED OR DIFFERENTLY ABLED
P R E S E N T A T I O N
S O C I O L O G Y - 2 0 2 3
By
T R Ananda Krishna
Sriram

2. Definition of Differently abled
Presentation Overview
"a person who deviates from normal health
status either physically, mentally, or socially
and who require special care treatment and
education".
Handicapped is defined a "disadvantage for
a given individual resulting from an
impairment or disability, that limits or
prevents the fulfillment of a role that is
normal [depending on age, sex, social and
cultural factor] for that individual".

3. Disease/Disorder Impairment Disability Handicap
In case of disease it may be any neurological disorder,accident etc.
When it is explained under accident,
Disease/Disorder is the accident
Accident may leas to loss of extremities (Impairment)
Inability to walk or perform daily activity (Disability)
Unemployment or handicap
Arun pm
STAGES OF HANDICAPPED

4. INCIDENCE
There are many disabled people in every
community. It is expected that, there are
eight or nine disabled people out of
hundred. 10% of the world population is
considered as disabled. That is, about
four hundred million disabled people
are present in the world. It is believed
that about forty million disabled in
developing countries can attain far
better life, if they are given proper
rehabilitation.

5. MAJOR TYPES OF HANDICAPPED
Blindness forms the largest proportion in India. It is estimated that the blind
population is increasing day by day. Lack of vitamin-A in the food is responsible
for half of the blindness in India. Other major causes included the inflammatory
diseases of the conjunctiva and comea cataract, glaucoma, malnutrition,
syphilis, smallpox and improper management of eye problems.
The blindness can be prevented if treated early. Other preventive measures
include proper diet, vitamins, treatment of minor problems, hygienic habits and
maintenance of proper working facilities.
Rehabilitation can be given to the blind people by employing them in cottage
industries like basket making, weaving, spinning or other handicrafts. Other
jobs like telephone operation, typing and physiotherapy can also help them to
have an independent income.
a) Blindness

6. b) Crippled persons
There are a large number of crippled people in our India. Various reasons are
responsible for the crippling. Some of the causes are, congenital abnormalities,
rickets, poliomyelitis, paralysis, accidents, arthritis, cerebral palsy, and tuberculosis
of bones and joints.
Poliomyelitis is the major cause of crippling in India .It can be prevented by the
administration of vaccine.
In India most of the crippled persons are engaged in the begging profession. By the
provision of proper guidance, training and assistance crippled person can lead their
independent life in the society. At a certain level he can fulfill his responsibilities
towards the family.

7. C ) Deafness/muteness
Deafness is completely related to the hearing. When the person
is deaf, he won't be able to develop the communication skills.
The various reasons responsible for the deafness are Otitis
media, congenital defects, acute ear infection, congenital
defects, congenital syphilis, malaria, mumps and cerebro-
spinal meningitis.
Early detection and treatment of ear infection can prevent the
deafness. With an effective training and guidance, the deaf
can develop the communication skill.

8. d) Mentally Handicapped
Mentally handicapped are more common in our country .The
mental problems can result from either mental disorder or mental
deficiency .The causes of mental problems include hereditary,
congenital defects, organic neuro- metabolic disorders, peri-
natalcomplications, premature births and accidents.
Treatment of congenital mental deficiencies is very difficult. Most
of the treatment facilities are absent in the mental hospitals in our
country. So only the violent and aggressive patients will be
admitted to the hospitals. More over that the uneducated and rural
population believes that mental disorders are the result of
demonical possession or God's curse. So they takes the patients to
the religious places or quacks to get rid of from the demons.
In developed countries like Europe and America, proper facilities
are provided to take care of the mentally challenged people.

9. e) Leprosy
India is a very known country for leprosy. Leprosy patients are
not very less than a million.It is a disease as old as human
society. The main causes of these diseases are poor living
conditions, over- crowding, mal-nutrition and ignorance
regarding the mode of transmission. Leprosy is a widespread
disease. In- order to prevent the spread of leprosy, it is
important that infective cases should be identified early and
isolated them. Today the treatment facilities are available in
most of the hospitals and it can be treated effectively and
deformities are corrected.
Commonly the lepers are rejected by the family and thrown into
the society. So education must be given to the public regarding
the causes and spread of the disease. Include the family in the
rehabilitation of leper after the cure from leprosy.

10. THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION AND COOPERATION