Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on December 10, 2015 at RDMIC Bldg., Elliptical Rd. cor. Visayas Ave., DIliman, Quezon City

1. ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL PLANTS OF IP
COMMUNITIES: SOCSARGEN EXPERIENCE
Non, Maria Luisa1; Martin, Tres Tinna1; Obemio, Christine Dawn1;
Lanojan, Rhumer1; Librando-Descallar, Angem1
1Science Department, Mindanao State University General Santos City
Funded by: Department of Agriculture – Bureau of Agricultural Research (DA-BAR)

2. Prospecting for Bioactive Components from
Traditional Medicinal Plants Used by Indigenous
People’s (IP) Groups in the SOCSARGEN
Region Through
Ethno-botanical Approach

5. Objective
 Document the ethnomedicinal knowledge,
practices and resource assessment in the T’boli,
Ubo and B’laan communities of SOCSARGEN
 prospecting for bioactive components from
traditional medicinal plants.

6. o Describe the ethnomedicinal practices of the IP communities
– Disease/s treated
– Method of preparation
– Method of application
– Plant part used
o Resource assessment of floral species with ethnomedicinal value.
o Identify the informants level of consensus and the use value in the use
of plants for disease treatment from among the three IP communities
o Validation of ethno-medicinal claim using appropriate assay

7. METHOD

9. METHOD

10. Reconnaissance
survey
Permit
application

11. Interview of KIs and
other respondents
Focus group
discussion
Participatory Rural
Appraisal
Semi-structured
interview
 Name of plant
 Disease treated
 Method of
preparation
 Route of application
 Plant part used
 Availability/scarcity
 Source of collection

12. Interview and
Field collection

13. Sales
MAL
E
FEM
ALE
10% MALE (farmers, kaingeros)
90% FEMALE (housewives)
Age range of respondent 25-85 years old
Common household
ailments
Women’s health
Serious medical
condition
• members of the
community
• hilot/kumadrona
• traditional healer

14. Cause of diseases is either personalistic or naturalistic.
Spirituality in the efficacy of floral resources as medicine.
Traditional medicine still persist because
• Resources are available nearby
• most members of the communities find allopathic
medicine expensive
• Limited access to health care.
Preference for a particular floral resources for treating
illness influenced by accessibility to and availability of
resources.
Communities with better access to allopathic health care
generally utilize diverse sources of plant medicine
without consensus.

15. Plant part used

16. Method of preparation

17. Route of application

18. 130 identified plant
species
62 unidentified species
distributed in 39 families
dominant families:
Lamiaceae (8%)
Compositae (6.45%)
Fabaceae (6.45%)
Solanaceae (6.45%).

19. • Common
household
diseases
• Women’s health
• Serious medical
condition
Source of
collection
Availability/
scarcity
Backyard
Forest
Common/
abundant
Scarce/rare

20. Identification of
medicinal plants
Data analysis using
ICF and Use Value

21. Community validation of
ethno-medicinal information

22. 154 plants
treating
44 types of
ailments/
diseases
classified into
16 disease
categories
Ethno-medicinal
Assessment

23. FIC = Nur – Nt / (Nur – 1)
Where,
Nur = number of use reports from informants
for a particular plant-use category;
Nt = number of
taxa or species that are used for that plant
use category for all informants.
Informant Consensus Factor

24. Table 1. Informant Consensus in the Use of Medicinal Plants
Among B’laans in the Treatment of Various Diseases.
Disease Category List of Diseases Plants ICF
A. Respiratory Disease cough, colds Gan, Tawa-tawa, Caimito/Santol, Gabon, Kalabo,
Mayana, Damay, Oregano
0.00
B. Gastro-intestinal and internal
parasites
Vomiting, diarrhea, stomachache Dila-dila, Slotura, Kape, Star apple, Mangga,
Madre Cacao, hilbas, guava, santol, avocado,
babana, milagrosa, caimito, narra
-0.0833
C. Musculo-skeletal and Other
Pains
Body pain/Muscle pain, toothache Maltaan, tugas, banganga 0
D. Dermatological Problems Itchiness Madre Cacao 1
E. Eye and Ear Related Sore eyes Tawa-tawa 0
F. Genitourinary System Related
Reproductive problem, Sikalid, Sloan, Kayu Mlato 0
G. Antidotes Dog & Snake Bites Sagbot, Malunggay-Malunggay, Tawal-ulad 0
H. Weakness Relapse/bughat Tanabog, Tugas, Coconut, Boli, Lagnob -0.2
I. Infectious and transmitted
disease
Dengue Tawa-tawa 1
J. Cardiovascular Problems Bleeding Tanabog, Dalupang 0
K. Cuts and wounds Wound healing, wound
disinfectant, swelling
Bulak-bulak, Gapas-gapas, Guava, Saging, Bugo,
balanghoy, madre de cacao
0.22
L. Fever and Headache Fever, headache Tawa-tawa, Guava, Gabon, Lagnob, Gan,
Balanghoy, Tanabog, alam
0

25. Table 2. Informant Consensus in the Use of Medicinal Plants
Among Ubo in the Treatment of Various Diseases.
Disease Categories Disease Plants ICF
A. Respiratory Problems cough, pneumonia,
tuberculosis
matabulan, t'le t'langas, lomenge, katae, tawa-tawa 0.818
B. Gastro-intestinal and intestinal
parasites
stomachache, severe mouth
sore, gas pain, diarrhea
buyo-buyo, bletang, sewak, totu ugong, lomenge 0.818
C. Musculo-skeletal problems toothache, rheumatism,
muscle pains
tamduk ngehe, tamlang, blakan ibid, sanakwen,
bako uho, bako somblino, ben
0.769
D. Dermatological Problems boils, ringworm d'ludo, kesongi, b'lol, miango, mataan 0.809
E. Eye and ear related sore eyes tawa-tawa 1
F. Genito-urinary system after giving birth,
dysmenorrhea, kidney
problem
tekulo, lembet bong, b’litang 0.777
G. Neurologic disorder migraine, difficulty of
sleeping, epilepsy, nausea
fuhaw, matungo, cabo negro, lamibu 0.842
H. Antidotes snake bites b'lata 1
I. Cancer related breast cancer Damay 1
J. Weakness Bughat, kabuhi Kaningel, Blutong blatan, bletan, kesowa 0.8
K. Infectious and transmitted
diseases
chicken pox, german
measles, hepatitis, dengue
tino, kamate semala, banal, tawa-tawa 0.833
L. cardiovascular problems elephantiasis, anemia,
nosebleed.
lumato, buk, medyu, koti, komungu 0.666
M. Cuts and wounds severe and minor wound k'taas, bulokbukay 0.875
N. Fever and Headache Headache, fever, chill Sakon mison, klong’lan 0.846
O. Devil sickness evil in the spring, buyag,
spirit of the mountain
banga-banga, bloh, tebalao 0.857
P. Miscellaneous facilitate eruption of baby's
teeth, facial wipes, to ward
off snakes, facial, hair
grower
cogon , fet, tamlang, t'long, lumot, 0.795

26. Table 3. Informant Consensus in the Use of Medicinal Plants Among
T’boli in the Treatment of Various Diseases.
•
Disease Category List of Disease Plant Used ICF
A. Respiratory Disease Cough Mayana, Kyubog, Lagundi, Aritis-aritis 0.4
B. Gastro-intestinal and internal
parasites
Gastric Illness, stomachache,
diarrhea, deworming
Mansanitas, Guava, Tawa-tawa, Mayana, Aritis-
aritis, Dila-dila, Saging, Mama
0.36
C. Musculo-skeletal and Other
Pains
body pain/muscle pain,
spasm, toothache
Buyo, Kataes, Gabon, Kataka-taka, Toothache
Plant
0.2
D. Dermatological Problems Itchiness, allergies, boils,
insect repellant, ap-ap
Asunting, Luya, Kyubog, Sitaw, Aritis-aritis,
tobacco, Papaya
0.00
E. Eye and Ear Related Sore eyes, buog, Pinya, Tawa-tawa, talong 0
F. Genito-urinary system related
problems
Easy delivery, bleeding after
delivery, relapse, breast pain,
Lawaan, Falso Mangayano, Caraba Grass, Koko
unbaya, Kluon Waya, Tawatawa, Kuyo Iwas,
Munot, Fet, Sampa-samplalukan, Kayu Mlato,
sagingm papaya
0.3333
G. Neurologic disorders Paralysis Luya 0
H. Antidotes Rabies Bawang, Sili, Papaya, Kluon Waya -0.5
I. Cancer Related
J. Weakness Fainting, weakness Lawaan, lomongoy 0.16667
K. Infection Dengue, chicken pox, malaria,
leprosy
Tawa-tawa, coconut, aritis-aritis, kyubog 0.2
L. Cardiovascular System Related
problem
High Blood Pressure, anemia Lawaan, Tanglad, Kamote, Ampalaya -0.5
M. Wound Healing Wound bleeding, wound
healing, swelling
Malunggay, Kadias, Gabon, Saging, Hagonoy,
Kluon Koda, Kluon Waya, Konowon, Flangwa, Beg
Talaas
-0.09
N. Urinary Problem Kidney Kape/Mangga 0
O. Devil Sickness Barang Lawaan, Kataes 0
P. Miscellaneous Fever, headache, crying of
baby
Luya, Tawa-tawa, Saging, Sampa-sampalukan 0.25

27. Medicinal plants with the highest efficacy as claimed by the IP
groups
Plant
Disease/Condition
Addressed as
claimed by IPs
IP Groups
Blobo (Diplodiscus paniculatus) fever, body pains T’boli
Blok Bukay (Mentha suavolens) minor wounds Obo
Damay (Acalypha deamii) breast cancer Obo
Hagonoy (Chromolaena odorata) wound healing Obo
Kaningel (Cinnamomum mindanaense) Pain T’boli, Obo
Kataes (Caladium spp.) severe wounds,
body/muscle pain,
tuberculosis
Obo, T’boli,
B’laan
K’nowol (Dendrocnide meyeniana) wound healing T’boli
Lumot (Lycopodium clavatum) facial cleanser,
antiseptic
Obo
Simbolo (Canarium strictum) fever, relapse,
body pain
T’boli
Bulek lumenge/toothache plant
(Acmelia grandefolia)
toothache T’boli,Obo,
Blaan
Tamlang (Schefflera orodata Blanco) toothache, facial
cleanser
Obo
Ethno-botanical Assessment

28. Phytochemical Analyses
Plant Crude Extract
Secondary Metabolites
Alkaloids
Steroids Flavonoids
Saponins
Tannins and Phenolic
Compounds
2-deoxy
sugars
Unsat.
sterols
Leuco-
anthocyanins
Alpha-
benzopyrone
Tannins
Hydrolyzable
tannins or
polyphenols
Schefflera orodata
Blanco + - + - + - - -
Hyptis capitata Jacq. + - - - - - - +
Diplodiscus
paniculatus + - + - + - - -
Cyathea contaminans
(Hook.) Copel +++ + - - - - - -
Cinnamomum
mindanaense - + - + + - + +
Dracontomelon dao - + - - - - - -
Caladium spp. - + - - - + - -
Wedelia trilobata
(flower) +++ + - - + - - +
Wedelia
trilobata(leaf) - + - - - + - -
Lycopodium
clavatum L. + + - + - - -
Sida rhombifolia L. + + - - - - + +
Canarium strictum + - + - - - - -
Bassia latifolia
Roxb.) - - - - - - - -
Dendrocnide
meyeniana (leaf) - + - + + - + -
Dendrocnide
meyeniana (bark) - + - + + - + +
Damay (Acalypha
deamii) + + - - - - - -

29. Plants LC50 (ppm)
Schefflera orodata Blanco Leaf
(Tamlang)
13.6
Diplodiscus paniculatus Leaf
(Blobo)
18.3
Cinnamomum mindanaense Bark
(Kaningel)
14.6
Acmella grandifolia flower
(Bulek lumenge)
12.0
Lycopodium clavatum L.Whole
plant
(Lumot)
15.2
Mentha suaveolens Leaf
(Bolok bukay) 21.3
Median Lethal Dose using BSLT

30. Plant Extract
*Antioxidant
Activity
EC50
(µg/ml)
Schefflera orodata Blanco
(Tamlang)
Active 4.21
Diplodiscus paniculatus Turcz
(Blobo)
Very Active 1.01
Lycopodium clavatum Linn. (Lumot) Active 5.52
Cinnamomum mindanaense
(Kaningel)
Very active 3.74
All plants with
flavonoids and tannins
DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity

31. Diplodiscus paniculatus
Local Name B’lobo
Source of
Information
Tboli
Availability Rare
Usage Bark decoction is taken orally to
treat different type of diseases such
as relapse, fever, body pains.
Phytochemical
Profile
Alkaloids
Steroids
Flavonoids
Pharmaco-
toxicological
Properties
Active anti-oxidant property EC50:
1.01;
Anti-spasmodic activity;
LC50 = 18.3

32. Cinnamomum mindanaense
Local Name Kaningel
Source of
Information
Tboli
Availability Rare
Usage Bark decoction is taken orally to
treat different type of diseases such
as relapse, fever, body pains.
Phytochemical
Profile
Steroids
Flavonoids
Tannins
Polyphenols
Pharmaco-
toxicological
Properties
Very active anti-oxidant property
EC50: 4.21;
Angio-suppressive activity;
Anti-hemorrhagic
LC50 = 14.6

33. Lycopodium clavatum
Local
Name
Lumot
Source of
Information
Obo
Availability common
Usage Pounding of the whole plant and
applied topically in the face for
facial purposes.
Phytochemical
Profile
Alkaloids
Steroids
Flavonoids
Pharmaco-
toxicological
Properties
Active anti-oxidant property EC50:
5.52;
Angio-suppressive activity;
LC50 = 15.2

34. Acmella grandifolia
Local Name Bulek lumenge/
toothache plant
Source of
Information
Obo, Blaan, Tboli
Availability Common
Usage Flowers are placed on the
impacted tooth for pain relief.
Phytochemical
Profile
Alkaloids
Steroids
Flavonoids
Polyphenols
Pharmaco-
toxicological
Properties
Very active anti-bacterial property;
LC50 = 12.0

35. Mentha suaveolens
Local Name Bulok Bukay
Source of
Information
Obo
Availability Herb
Usage Extraction of leaves are applied
externally in minor wounds.
Phytochemical
Profile
Alkaloids
Steroids
Flavonoids
Pharmaco-
toxicological
Properties
Active antibacterial property;
LC50 = 21.3

36. Local Name Tamlang
Source of
Information Obo
Availability commonly encountered
Usage Leaves are wiped directly on the
face (for women); for men, used as
"anting-anting"; Juice of pounded
roots is given applied in an aching
tooth.
Phytochemical
Profile
Alkaloids
Steroids
Flavonoids
Pharmaco-
toxicological
Properties
Active anti-oxidant property EC50:
4.21
LC50 = 13.6
Schefflera orodata Blanco

37. Conclusion
This study confirms the potential of six (6) ethnomedicinal plants
utilized by three (3) IP groups in SOCSARGEN, the Blaan’s, Tboli’s and
Obo’s as source of novel antibiotic, and anti-aging drug constituents.
Canarium strictum (simbolo), Cinnamomum mindanaense (kaningel),
Schefflera orodata Blanco (Tamlang), Mentha suaveolens (bulok-
bukay), Acmella grandifolia (bulek lumenge/toothache plant) and D.
paniculatus (blobo) have presented remarkable single or multiple
pharmaco-toxicological profiles in congruence with IP claims. Moreover,
the development of drugs and natural products from these plant sources
would still require further pre-clinical screenings.

38. The use of ICF and Use Value
in conservation management

39. UV = U/n
Where,
• U = number of times a
species is cited
• n = total number of
informants
Use Value

40. Disease Categories
Total
number of
citation
Total
number of
species
used
ICF
value
A. Respiratory disease 52 30 0.43
B. Gastric related 48 29 0.40
C. Osteomuscular and other pains 40 18 0.56
D. Skin disease 25 14 0.46
E. Eye and ear related 12 5 0.64
F. Reproductive system related 54 42 0.23
G. Nervous system related 20 15 0.26
H. Antidotes 21 8 0.65
I. Cancer related 6 6 0.00
J. Weakness 3 3 0.00
K. Infection 21 15 0.30
L. Circulatory system related 17 14 0.19
M. Wound 22 10 0.57
N. Urinary problem 18 10 0.47
O. Devil sickness 6 5 0.20
P. Miscellaneous 17 13 0.25

41. Brgy. Tablu Scientific name number
use
citation
use
value
Caningag Cinnamomum
mercadoi
5 0.71
Saging tondan Musa paradisiaca v.
tondan
3 0.43
Tawa-tawa Euphorbia hirta 3 0.43
Tuba-Tuba Jatropa curcas 3 0.43
Tuog Petersianthus
quadrialatus
3 0.43

42. Brgy. Kablon Scientific name number
use
citation
use
value
Banana Musa paradisiaca 6 0.5
Tawa-tawa Euphorbia hirta 6 0.5
Tawal-ulad Microsmelum
compressum Blanco
Merr
5 0.42
Yakun Smallanthus
sonchifolius
5 0.42

43. Brgy. Landan Scientific name number
use
citation
use
value
Niyog Cocos nucifera 13 1
Tawal-ulad Microsmelum
compressum Blanco
Merr.
11 0.84
Banana Musa paradisiaca 7 0.54
Toothache
plant
6 0.46
Tapul luy-a Zingiber officinale 6 0.46

44. C.
Osteomuscular
and other
pains
Caningag
Tawal-ulad
Tuba-tuba
E. Eye and
ear related
Niyog
Tawal-
ulad
H.
Antidotes
Tawal-
ulad
M. Wound
Banana

45. Rare/Moderate
Caningag
Tawal-
ulad
abundant
Tuba-tuba
Banana
Niyog
ULTURALLY SIGNIFICANT MEDICINAL PLANTS
MPLICATION IN CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT

46. Caningag
(Cinnamomum mercadoi )

47. Tawal-ulad
(Microsmelum compressum Blanco Merr.)

48. Tuba-tuba (Jatropha curcas L.)

49. Niyog (Cocos nucifera)

50. Saging (Musa spp)

51. bong salamat!
Bong salamat!