3. OBJECTIVES
By the end of this class, you will be
able to;
• List the different information
ages
• State the features of the Stone,
Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages.
• Identify the tools associated with
the Stone, Copper, Bronze and
5. DEVELOPMENTS IN INFORMATION AGES
AND THEIR FEATURES.
Through the ages, technology has developed just as
humans have also developed. Trend in technological
developments will be highlighted under the following
ages:
• Stone Age
• Copper Age
• Bronze Age
• Iron Age
• Middle Age
• Industrial Age
• Electronic/Computer/digital/information age
6. In this section, we will be discussing the
Stone Age, Copper Age, Bronze Age and Iron
Age
Iron
Age
700
BC
AD 43
Bronze
Age
2.3k
BC
Copper Age
3500 to 2300
BCE
7.
8. The Stone
Age is the
period of
human
history before
the Bronze
Age and the
Iron Age.
The Stone Age
1. The Stone age
9. The Stone age
The stone age began over 2 million
years ago and was experienced in Asia,
Africa and Europe. The Stone Age was
an ancient time period when people
made tools from stone.
Fire, stone tools and weapons, and
clothing were technological
developments of major importance
during this period. Clay was also used in
making pottery during this period.
10. The Stone Age gets its
name from stones.
But why?
It is the age when
early humans first
started using stones
for their tools and
weapons. This was a
game changer helping them
hunt, build and make their lives easier.
The Stone Age
11. Archaeologists divide the Stone Age into three
periods, depending on the sophistication of the
tools used.
The Stone Age
The three periods are
• the Paleolithic Age
(Old Stone Age),
• the Mesolithic Age
(Middle Stone Age)
and
• the Neolithic Age
(New Stone Age).
12. The tools in Paleolithic Age were simple shaped stone
tools.
Some tools were also made from wood and bone.
Languages developed and people even began to
express themselves with art on the walls of caves. The
stone age people were always on the move. Old
Stone Age people had two ways of obtaining food, by
hunting and gathering. Gathering is finding wild
berries and other plants to eat. We sometimes call
these people hunter-gatherers.
The Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age) sew the
introduction of farming.
During the Mesolithic Age, weapons were more refined
and smaller. This included arrows and spears.
13. The Neolithic Age (New Stone
Age) was the time between the
start of farming and the
beginning of the Bronze Age. By
this time, people also had cows
and sheep. The stone tools
became more advanced
14. The Stone Age
Examples of stone tools
• Neolithic Stone Axe with Wooden Handle.
• Middle Palaeolithic Hand Axe.
• Oldowan tools (Choppers, flakes,
scrappers)
• Acheulean Hand axe.
• Points & Scrapers.
• Stone Spears and blades
• Bow and arrow heads made from stone
• Hammer stones,
• Flint tool, Etc.
16. The chalcolithic period, or copper age, was
an era of transition between the stone tool-
using farmers of the Neolithic and the
metal-obsessed civilizations of the
bronze age. the copper age was really a
phenomenon of the eastern Mediterranean
regions, and occurred from roughly 3500
to 2300 BCE.
COPPER AGE
19. The Bronze
Age
The Bronze Age was a period of human history
after the Stone Age and before the Iron
Age(between 1800 BC and 2000 BC) when
bronze was used widely to make tools,
weapons, and other implements.
The bronze age succeeds the Copper age
Bronze is a mixture of copper and tin, creating
a stronger substance.
21. Stonehenge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is
one of over 900 stone ring sites in Britain.
It was made during the Bronze Age, at least
300 years before the Egyptian pyramids.
22.
23. The iron age began around 1200BC and it was a
primitive technological period. The Iron Age
involved the adoption of iron smelting technology.
The iron age generally replaced bronze, and
made it possible to produce stronger, cheaper
and lighter tools.
THE IRON AGE
24. Tools and weapons were mass produced. Iron was
used to make ploughs, armor and coins.
This revolutionized farming. With more successful
farms, the population increased and communities
grew. Farming became widespread and farm tools
like cutlasses, knives and hoes were made during
this period.
Note: The 3 primitive ages are: stone age,
bronze age and iron age
The Iron Age
28. OBJECTIVES
• State the features of the Middle,
Industrial and electronic ages.
• Explain the meaning of technology
• State the present information age
• Identify the tools associated with each
information age.
30. The Middle ages was the period of the
12th and 13th centuries. Major
technological advances included the
invention of the windmill, the first
mechanical clocks, the manufacture of
gun powder, eyeglasses and the use of
the astrolabe.
During this age too, trade and towns grew,
cities were walled as well.
THE MIDDLE AGES
31. • Great architectural developments took place.
• Literacy increased in the middle age . Hence,
the feather pen was invented, made from
bird feather and was used for writing.
The process of writing was done by
dipping the feather pen into an inkpot.
The Middle Age
32.
33. THE INDUSTRIAL AGE
The industrial age (known as the industrial
revolution ) was between the 18th and 19th
centuries and it was characterized by availability
of electricity and the development of factories for
large-scale production.
There were rapid revolution changes in
agriculture, transportation, manufacturing and
mining sector across the globe in this era.
Machines were produced and used to perform
tedious production of goods. This period was a
turning point because roads, ships, railways,
electricity etc. were developed.
34. Features of the industrial age
1. Discovery of electricity
2. Industrial production of goods
3. Massive improvement in technology
4. Introduction of turbines and internal-
combustion engines.
• Examples of Industrial Age tools are
locomotive trains and sewing
machines.
36. ELECTRONIC AGE
This period started since 1951. it is the period
when the electronic calculators, electronic
typewriters and the computer system were
introduced.
FEATURES OF THE ELECTRONIC AGE
1. many electronic machines or devices were
discovered during this period.
2. Computers were made.
3.Electronic diodes, the integrated circuit, and
chips were invented.
4. technology became advanced.
37. INFORMATION AGE
The Information Age (also known as the
Computer Age, Digital Age, Electronic age or
New Media Age) is a period in human history
characterized by inventions. It created an
economy based on information computerization.
The Information Age has allowed rapid global
communications and networking to shape
modern society. Features of computer age
include
1. Use of microchips and digital technology
2. Introduction of the internet
3. Decrease in the use of paper work.
Technology Can Be Most Broadly Defined As The Entities, Both Material And Immaterial, Created By The Application Of Mental And Physical Effort In Order To Achieve Some Value. In This Usage, Technology Refers To Tools And Machines That May Be Used To Solve Real-world Problems.
Technology Can Be Most Broadly Defined As The Entities, Both Material And Immaterial, Created By The Application Of Mental And Physical Effort In Order To Achieve Some Value. In This Usage, Technology Refers To Tools And Machines That May Be Used To Solve Real-world Problems.
Technology Can Be Most Broadly Defined As The Entities, Both Material And Immaterial, Created By The Application Of Mental And Physical Effort In Order To Achieve Some Value. In This Usage, Technology Refers To Tools And Machines That May Be Used To Solve Real-world Problems.
Archaeologists study artifacts to determine when and where the Stone Age started.
Not all places on the planet had development at the same time so dates vary. But, people started using tools about two million years ago.
The Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) lasted so long it accounts for 99% of all human history!
The Oldowan industry is named after Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania and comprises the earliest stone industry visible in our archaeological record. It is characterised by simple cores and flaked pieces, found alongside some battered artefacts like hammerstones, as well as the occasional animal bones showing cut marks.
While the Oldowan was still in full swing and had just about reached East Asia by the able hands of Homo erectus, Africa became the initial host to a second tool industry: the Acheulean (c. 1,7 million years ago to c. 250,000 years ago and named after St. Acheul in France), which spread far and wide across Eurasia a bit later on. It saw the development of tools into new shapes: large bifaces like hand axes, picks, cleavers and knives enabled the contemporary Homo erectus, and later on Homo heidelbergensis, to literally get a better grip on the processing of their kills and gatherings.
Bronze is a metal made when a lot of copper as well as a little tin are mixed together.
The Stone Age developed into the Bronze Age after the Neolithic Revolution. The Neolithic Revolution involved radical changes in agricultural technology which included development of agriculture, animal domestication, and the adoption of permanent settlements. These combined factors made possible the development of metal smelting, with copper and later bronze, an alloy of tin and copper, being the materials of choice, although polished stone tools continued to be used for a considerable time owing to their abundance compared with the less common metals (especially tin).
That little bit of tin makes the copper harder. And, harder copper was used for knives and swords.
Bronze replaced stones for weapons, but it was also used for agricultural tools.
With other advances like the wheel and irrigation, life for the people of the Bronze Age was better than the Stone Age.
A lot of people mentioned in the Bible as well as Egyptian history lived in the Bronze Age.
That list includes Abraham, Joseph, Moses and David as well as King Tutankhamun and Ramses II.
The Iron Age involved the adoption of iron smelting technology. It generally replaced bronze, and made it possible to produce tools which were stronger, lighter and cheaper to make than bronze equivalents. In many Eurasian cultures, the Iron Age was the last major step before the development of written language, though again this was not universally the case. It was not possible to mass manufacture steel because high furnace temperatures were needed, but steel could be produced by forging bloomery iron to reduce the carbon content in a controllable way. Iron ores were much more widespread than either copper or tin. In Europe, large hill forts were built either as a refuge in time of war, or sometimes as permanent settlements. In some cases, existing forts from the Bronze Age were expanded and enlarged. The pace of land clearance using the more effective iron axes increased, providing more farmland to support the growing population.
The development of a three-field rotation system for planting crops increased the usage of land from one half in use each year under the old two-field system to two-thirds under the new system, with a consequent increase in production. The development of the heavy plough allowed heavier soils to be farmed more efficiently, aided by the spread of the horse collar, which led to the use of draught horses in place of oxen. Horses are faster than oxen and require less pasture, factors that aided the implementation of the three-field system.
The industrial revolution led to the development of factories for large-scale production, with consequent changes in society.[2] Originally the factories were steam-powered, but later transitioned to electricity once an electrical grid was developed. The mechanized assembly line was introduced to assemble parts in a repeatable fashion, with individual workers performing specific steps during the process. This led to significant increases in efficiency, lowering the cost of the end process. Later automation was increasingly used to replace human operators. This process has accelerated with the development of the computer and the robot.
During the information age, the phenomenon is that the digital industry creates a knowledge-based society surrounded by a high-tech global economy that spans over its influence on how the manufacturing throughput and the service sector operate in an efficient and convenient way. In a commercialized society, the information industry is able to allow individuals to explore their personalized needs, therefore simplifying the procedure of making decisions for transactions and significantly lowering costs for both the producers and buyers. This is accepted overwhelmingly by participants throughout the entire economic activities for efficacy purposes, and new economic incentives would then be indigenously encouraged, such as the knowledge economy.[1] The Information Age formed by capitalizing on the computer microminiaturization advances, with a transition spanning from the advent of the personal computer in the late 1970s, to the Internet's reaching a critical mass in the early 1990s, and the adoption of such technology by the public in the two decades after 1990. Features of computer age
Use of microchips and digital technology
Introduction of the internet
Decrease in the use of paper work.
