Lab 2 – Water Quality and Contamination Experiment 1: Effects of Groundwater Contamination Table 1: Water Observations (Smell, Color, Etc.) Beaker Observations 1 The water clear with no odor 2 The oil floated to top cloudy no odor 3 The water smelled like vinegar/ little cloudy 4 Soap bubbles formed and remained at the top, no odor 5 The water is brownish with a light dirty smell 6 The water was brownish with some soil at the bottom with a little oil 7 The water was a little brown vinegar smell with a little particles at the bottom 8 The water was brownish with more particles than #5,6, and 7 no smell and cloudy POST LAB QUESTIONS 1. Develop hypotheses on the ability of oil, vinegar, and laundry detergent to contaminate groundwater. a. Oil hypothesis = Oil will not contaminate but possibly the amount of water filtered may change b. Vinegar hypothesis = Vinegar will contaminate and would allow the soil to filter c. Laundry detergent hypothesis = The water would pass through but will be contaminated with soap bubbles. 2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or accept each hypothesis that you produced in question 1? Explain how you determined this. a. Oil hypothesis accept/reject = Oil would be trapped in the soil / Accept b. Vinegar hypothesis accept/reject = Vinegar would pass through the soil / Accept c. Laundry detergent hypothesis accept/reject = Laundry detergent would contaminate the water / Reject 3. What affects did each of the contaminants have on the water in the experiment? Which contaminant seemed to have the most potent effect on the water? Answer = It seem all contaminants had effects on the water with vinegar seeming to have the most potent effect and you could identify it by the smell and the detergent had not odor and a little cloudy. The oil seems as though it will leave the water with less contamination. 4. Using at least 1 scholarly source, discuss what type of affects these contaminants (oil, vinegar, detergent) might have on a town’s water source and the people who drank the water? Answer = Contaminants could cause potential health problems such as hepatitis, cholera and affect infants with the blue baby syndrome. http://www.epa.gov/region1 5. Describe what type of human activity would cause contaminants like oil, acid and detergents to flow into the water supply? Additionally, what other items within your house do you believe could contaminate the water supply if you were to dump them onto the ground? Answer = Contaminates like motor oil, gas from human activity and household contaminates would be from cooking oil, house hold cleaning products, battery acid, jewelry cleaner and paint. Experiment 2: Water Treatment POST LAB QUESTIONS 1. Develop a hypothesis on the ability of your filtration technique to remove contaminants. Hypothesis = Coagulants and alkalinity will remove most of groundwater contaminants. For example the funnel filled with the activated charcoal, sand and gravel seemed to produ ...

1. Lab 2 – Water Quality and Contamination
Experiment 1: Effects of Groundwater Contamination
Table 1: Water Observations (Smell, Color, Etc.)
Beaker
Observations
1
The water clear with no odor
2
The oil floated to top cloudy no odor
3
The water smelled like vinegar/ little cloudy
4
Soap bubbles formed and remained at the top, no odor
5
The water is brownish with a light dirty smell
6
The water was brownish with some soil at the bottom with a
little oil
7
The water was a little brown vinegar smell with a little particles
at the bottom
8
The water was brownish with more particles than #5,6, and 7 no
smell and cloudy
POST LAB QUESTIONS
1. Develop hypotheses on the ability of oil, vinegar, and laundry
detergent to contaminate groundwater.
a. Oil hypothesis = Oil will not contaminate but possibly the
amount of water filtered may change
b. Vinegar hypothesis = Vinegar will contaminate and would
allow the soil to filter

2. c. Laundry detergent hypothesis = The water would pass
through but will be contaminated with soap bubbles.
2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or
accept each hypothesis that you produced in question 1?
Explain how you determined this.
a. Oil hypothesis accept/reject = Oil would be trapped in the
soil / Accept
b. Vinegar hypothesis accept/reject = Vinegar would pass
through the soil / Accept
c. Laundry detergent hypothesis accept/reject = Laundry
detergent would contaminate the water / Reject
3. What affects did each of the contaminants have on the water
in the experiment? Which contaminant seemed to have the most
potent effect on the water?
Answer = It seem all contaminants had effects on the water with
vinegar seeming to have the most potent effect and you could
identify it by the smell and the detergent had not odor and a
little cloudy. The oil seems as though it will leave the water
with less contamination.
4. Using at least 1 scholarly source, discuss what type of affects
these contaminants (oil, vinegar, detergent) might have on a
town’s water source and the people who drank the water?
Answer = Contaminants could cause potential health problems
such as hepatitis, cholera and affect infants with the blue baby
syndrome.
http://www.epa.gov/region1
5. Describe what type of human activity would cause
contaminants like oil, acid and detergents to flow into the water
supply? Additionally, what other items within your house do
you believe could contaminate the water supply if you were to
dump them onto the ground?
Answer = Contaminates like motor oil, gas from human activity
and household contaminates would be from cooking oil, house
hold cleaning products, battery acid, jewelry cleaner and paint.
Experiment 2: Water Treatment
POST LAB QUESTIONS

3. 1. Develop a hypothesis on the ability of your filtration
technique to remove contaminants.
Hypothesis = Coagulants and alkalinity will remove most of
groundwater contaminants. For example the funnel filled with
the activated charcoal, sand and gravel seemed to produce clean
water.
2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or
accept the hypothesis that you produced in question 1? Explain
how you determined this.
Accept/Reject = Accept / The coagulants bonding together with
small to large particles separated contaminants from the water.
3. What are the differences in color, smell, visibility, etc.
between the “contaminated” water and the “treated” water?
Answer = The treated water was clearer with no odor from the
contaminants.
4. From the introduction to this lab, you know that there are
typically five steps involved in the water treatment process.
Identify the processes (e.g., coagulation) that were used in this
lab and describe how they were performed.
Answer =
Soil was separated from the water
Allow contents time to separate
Rocks would separate large particles from water
Sand and charcoal would separate smaller particles from the
water

4. Use chemicals to decontaminate the water
Experiment 3: Drinking Water Quality
Table 2: Ammonia Test Results
Water Sample
Test Results
Tap Water
0
Dasani® Bottled Water
0
Fiji® Bottled Water
0
Table 3: Chloride Test Results
Water Sample
Test Results
Tap Water
500
Dasani® Bottled Water
0
Fiji® Bottled Water
0
Table 4: 4 in 1 Test Results
Water Sample
pH
Total Alkalinity
Total Chlorine
Total Hardness
Tap Water
5
120
0.2
50
Dasani® Bottled Water
3
40

5. 0
0
Fiji® Bottled Water
6
180
0
0
Table 5: Phosphate Test Results
Water Sample
Test Results
Tap Water
10 ppm
Dasani® Bottled Water
25 ppm
Fiji® Bottled Water
50 ppm
Table 6: Iron Test Results
Water Sample
Test Results
Tap Water
0.10
Dasani® Bottled Water
0
Fiji® Bottled Water
0
POST LAB QUESTIONS
1. Develop a hypothesis on which water source you believe will
contain the most and least contaminants.
Hypothesis = Tap water would have the most contaminates due
to its travel through different pipes. Dasani water would have

6. the least contaminates being that it’s treated and Fiji water
comes from a natural spring.
2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or
accept the hypothesis that you produced in question 1? Explain
how you determined this.
Accept/reject = I would not accept or reject as Fiji and tap
water has contaminants with Dasani being the purest.
3. Based on the results of your experiment, what major
differences, if any, do you notice between the Dasani, Fiji, and
tap water?
Answer = Not a big difference as all water is treated except
water from a natural spring. Although, it seems that Dasani
would be the cleanest and you would think that Fiji water would
be the purest as it is from a natural spring and I personally like
spring water or purified.
4. Based on your results, do you believe that bottled water is
worth the price? Why or why not?
Answer = Yes, I believe that bottled water is worth the price as
the water in my area would come from the Chattahoochee river
and no matter how much its treated the taste is horrible.
References
http://www.epa.gov/region1
http://www.esciencelabs.com
http://vizedhtmlcontent.next.ecollege.com/pub/content/82e3166
6-ce69-4a7a-9c19-17671261390c/SCI207.W2.Lab.pdf
*NOTE – Do not forget to go to Lab 3: Biodiversity, and
complete “Experiment 1: Diversity of Plants” steps 1 through
6. Steps 1 through 6 need to be completed in order to be
prepared for Week Three, however, results for this experiment
will not be calculated until next week. Thus, while nothing is to
be handed in for this experiment until the end of Week Three
you must plant the seeds this week to ensure that you can
complete week 3 on time.
© eScience Labs, 2013

7. Answering each question with a solid paragraph (or two)
answer:
Course material. Bedfordstmartins.com/smith
Chapter 1:
1- What physical and behavioral adaptations and innovations
characterized human evolution?
2- In the absence of written sources, what have scholar learned
about the Paleolithic economy, adaptations to the natural world,
and technological innovations?
3- In what ways does the Neolithic agricultural economy reveal
humans’ increasing intent and ability to manipulate the natural
world to their advantage?
4- Why did Australian aborigines, in contrast to many of the
world’s other peoples, choose not to farm?
Chapter 2:
1- How do historians explain the rise of cities?
2- How and why did the rise of the city lead to more
hierarchical society in early Mesopotamia?
3- Why did ancient peoples develop writing systems, and what
has been the enduring impact of this invention on intellectual
expression?
4- What were the main features of the first international order,
and what developments explain its rise and fall?

8. 5- In what ways did the early history of Egypt contrast with that
of the ancient states of Southwest Asia?
Chapter 4:
1- How did Egyptians and Nubians interact in the two imperial
periods that united them politically?
2- What kind of power structure did the Assyrians impose on
their subjects, and how did it lead to cultural assimilation in the
empire?
3- What imperial vision and style of the government marked the
rise of the vast Persian Empire and allowed it to endure for
more than two hundred years?
4- To what degree and in what ways did the peoples of Israel
and Judah accept or reject the influences of the empires they
confronted?
Chapter 5:
1- What significant political and cultural developments emerged
in Greece in the early first millennium B.C.E?
2- What cultural innovations appeared in Greece during its
Classical age?
3- How did Hellenism affect the peoples of Greece, North
Africa, and Southwest Asia?
4- How did the lives and livelihoods of the peoples of Atlantic
Europe differ from those of the Mediterranean peoples?
Chapter 6:

9. 1- How did the new religious ideas of the last centuries B.C.E.
suit the social and political structures of India?
2- How did the geographical location and trade relations of the
Kushan Empire affect its cultural traditions?
3- How did the early Chinese philosophers come to have a long-
lasting influence on the intellectual development of the region?
4- How did southern Indians developments differ from those in
other parts of Asia?