effect of vitamins in human life

1. 1

2. Classification of vitamins
Fat soluble
Vitamins
Water soluble
B-Complex
Energy releasing Other
Homatopoietic
Non-B complex
Ascorbic acid
(vitamin C)
• Thiamine (vitamin B)
• Riboflavin (vitamin B)
• Niacin (vitamin B)
• Biotin
• Pantothenic acid
• Folic acid
• Vitamin B12
• Pyridoxine
(vitamin B)
• Pyridoxal
• Pyridoxamine
• Vitamin A (retinol, B carotenes)
• Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)
• Vitamin K (phylloquinones,
mena quiñones)
• Vitamin E (tocopherols)
2

3. Vitamin C
Other name: Ascorbic acid
Active form: Dehydroxyascorbate
Functions:
• Hydroxylation of
proline and lysine hydroxyproline and hydroxy lysine
• Antioxidant
• Iron abs in body in intestine
• Steroid formation
• Tyrosine, tryptophan metabolism.
• Collagen strengthening
• Maintenance of connective tissues
• Wound healin 3

4. Deficiency:
 Scurvy:
Disease characterized by
 sore and spongy gums
 loose teeth
 fragile blood vessels
 fatigue
 swollen joints
 Microcytic hypochromic anemia:
mcv < 80
4

5. Vitamin B9
Other name: Folic Acid
Active form: Tetra hydro folate
Function:
Folic acid THF Purine +TMP
It is required for normal DNA maturation of RCBs
It is also involved in methronene metabolism
5

6. Deficiency:
• Megaloblastic anemia accumulation of a
large immature RCBs.
• Its deficiency in pregnant women causes
neural tube defects in fetus such as
anencephaly and spina bifida
• Pregnant women should take
400 μg/ day
Family history 4000 μ g /day
6

7. Vitamin B-12
Another name: Cobalamin
Active form:
• Methyl cobalamin
• Adenosyl cobalamin
Function:
Two reactions require B12
Reaction 1:
• Conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-
CoA Methyl malonyl CoA is produced during
the degradation of fatty acids with odd
numbers of carbon atoms. 7

8. • When vitamin B12 is deficient, abnormal fatty
acids accumulate & become incorporated to
cell membranes including those of nervous
system leading to neurological manifestations.
Deficiency:
• Folate Trap
NSMethylTHF THF
Hence large immature RCBs
• Megaloblastic Anemia
• If it is absent necessary for its absorption from gut
can lead to pernicious anemia.
• It causes degeneration of spinal cord which is
irreversible damage.
• Neuropsyctric symptoms 8

9. Testing:
High level of methylmalonic acid in blood.
Treatment:
Pernicious anemia can be treated by high dose of oral B12 or
intramuscular injection of cyanocobalamin.
9

10. Vitamin B-6
Another name: Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine
Active form: Pyridoxal phosphate
Function:
Coenzyme for enzymes particularly in amino acid metabolism such as
transamination, deamination etc.
Deficiency:
Its deficiency is rare and causes
 Glossitis
 Neuropathy
 Deficiency can cause by TB drugs called isonizid which causes sensory
neuropathy. 10

11. Vitamin B-1
Another name: thiamine
Active form: thiamine phosphate
Function:
• Coenzyme for enzymes catalyzing
Pyruvate Acetyl coA
α – ketoglutavate Succinyl coA
• Branched chain α – keto acid oxidation
11

12. Deficiency:
 Beri beri
 Wernicke -Korsakoff syndrome.
Symptoms:
• Tachycardia
• Vomiting
• Loss of memory
• Dysregulated eye movements
12

13. Vitamin B-3
Another name: Niacin
Active form: Nicotinic acid,
Nicotinamide, NAD+, NADP+
Function:
• Electron transport
Deficiency:
• Pellagra
13

14. Sign and symptoms: (3DS)
• Dermitius
• Diarhea
• Dementia
Note:
High dose of woim is used to treat
hyperlipidemia prevents to form
VLDL and LD2L
14

15. Vitamin B-2
Another name: Riboflovin
Active form: FAD , FMN
Function:
• Electron transfer
Deficiency:
Lead to
 Dermatitis
 Angular stomatitis
15

16. Vitamin B-7
Another name: Biotin
Active form: Enzyme bound biotin
Function:
Involved carboxylation reaction.
Deficiency:
 Consumption of large amount of
raw eggs while (which contain a
protein avidin that bind biotin) can
induce a biotin deficiency.
16

17. Vitamin B-5
Another name: Pantothenic acid
Active form: Co enzyme A
Function:
• Acyl carrier
Deficiency:
• Is very rare
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