3. Structured cabling terms
MDF(main distribution frame)- A telecommunications room or
wiring closet, in a small, single-floor network
It is where all of the network cable concentrates to a single
point
IDF(Intermediate Distribution Facilities)-additional wiring
closets required
6. Some terms to considered in
designing
Backbone cable: The part of a network that handles the
major traffic
Cable labeling system: Proper labeling system or scheme to
identify cables
Electrical considerations: Premises should have adequate
outlets to support electrical requirements of network
equipment
Cable management system: Series of trays and straps used
to guide and protect cable runs
7. STRUCTURED CABLING BEST
PRACTICES
1.Type of cable should depends on the data that will flow on it.
2. Cable standards specify maximum lengths for different types
of cables. Always adhere to the length restrictions for the type of
cable being installed.
3. UTP, like all copper cable, is susceptible to EMI. It is
important to install cable away from sources of interference such
as high-voltage cables and fluorescent lighting. Televisions,
computer monitors and microwaves are other possible sources
of interference. In some environments it may be necessary to
install data cables in conduit to protect them from EMI and RFI.
8. 4. Improper termination and the use of low quality cables and
connectors can degrade the signal carrying capacity of the
cable. Always follow the rules for cable termination and test
to verify that the termination has been done properly.
5. Test all cable installations to ensure proper connectivity
and operation.
6. Label all cables as they are installed, and record the
location of cables in network documentation.
9. Ip v4 address
The IP address is a logical network address that identifies a
particular host(alias)
Operates on the Network Layer
10. Ipv4 structure
An IP address is simply a series of 32 binary bits (ones and
zeros). It is very difficult for humans to read a binary IP
address. For this reason, the 32 bits are grouped into four 8-
bit bytes called octets.
11000000.10101000.0000000100000101
11. Subnet mask (basic)
-allows the flow of network
traffic between hosts to be
segregated based on a network
configuration
255.255.255.0—11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
means the first 3 octet are for network
And the last octet is for the host
Cidr=24
16. How subnet mask and ip address
interact
H1 will check the subnet mask coming from H2. H1 will check the
subnet mask to know what octet is for the network and what is for the host. If the
H1 finds that they have same subnet mask as to H2, H1 will check the
IP address of H2 if they are the same network address. On the figure
Above, H1 and H2 will communicate since they are on the same network
Address based on the subnet mask.
23. Determining the number of host
available on a particular mask
importance;
in order to determine the number of host in a give mask
# of host:2^(number of zero on the host octet)
25. Why?
Because two ip is reserved for broadcast and the network
address
broadcast ip address- is the last ip on the network
network address- is the first ip on the network
26. Exercise
For example
192.168.100.0 subnet mask 255.255.255.0
192.168.100.0 is the subnet address
192.168.100.1 is the first usable address
192.168.100.254 is the last usable address
192.168.100.255 is the broadcast address
27. For example
What is the broadcast address for 192.168.1.0 mask
255.255.255.0?
What are the usable address?
192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254
28. For example
What is the broadcast address for 192.168.1.0 mask
255.255.255.0?
What are the usable address?
30. now try!!!
255.255.0.0
Cidr=/ 16
Binary equivalent=11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Number of hosts=65536
Number of usable hosts=65534
And also
172.16.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0
Broadcast address=172.16.255.255
Subnet address-172.16.0.0
Last usable ip=172.16.255.254
32. But..
127 is not a usable ip since it is used for loopback or for
testing
33. RESERVED PRIVATE IP
ASSIGNED
10.0.0.0 UP TO 10.255.255.254
172.16.0.0 UP TO 172.32.255.254
192.168.0.0 UP T0 192.168.255.254
AND THE REST ARE PUBLIC IP (INTERNET)
AND CANNOT BE USED ON THE NETWORK
40. Collision domain -A collision domain is a logical
network segment where data packets can
“collide” with one another for being sent on a
shared medium, in particular in the Ethernet
networking protocol (analogy)
41. Collision domain -A collision domain is a logical
network segment where data packets can
“collide” with one another for being sent on a
shared medium, in particular in the Ethernet
networking protocol (analogy)
Imagine a road using one lane only to be used for
both direction. It means one car can only pass unto
road while some car will wait until the car had pass
unto the road.
42. CSMA-CD( Carrier Sense Multi
Access- Collision Detection
I f the two will sent a data
simultaneously on the same
collision domain, There will be
a collision and will be detected
using CSMA- CD. The
computer will said the network
will be jam and wait for a
particular time in order to send
again( used by Hub)
CSMA- Collision Avoidance-
used on wireless
communication on routers and
Access points.
43. Broadcast Domain- A broadcast domain is a
logical division of a computer network, in which
all nodes can reach each other by broadcast at
the data link layer.
44. NETWORK DEVICES
hub SWITCH
H
One collision domain Collision domain depends
on number of port
Divides the bandwidth
by the number of user Dedicated bandwidth
Half duplex Full duplex
Layer 1
Layer 2
One broadcast domain
45. NETWORK DEVICES
router SWITCH
Collision domain depends
Collision domain depends
on number of port
on number of port
Dedicated bandwidth
Dedicated bandwidth
Used to connect two
Used to connect pc on the
different network
same network
Full duplex Full duplex
Layer 3
Layer 2
One broadcast in
One broadcast for
every port
every port
47. Exercise( 100 MBPS hub)
How many collision? 1
How many broadcast?1
Bandwidth on each pc?33.33
MBps
48. 100 MBPs switch
How many collision domain?
How many broadcast domain?
Bandwidth on each pc?
49. 100 MBPs switch
How many collision domain?2
How many broadcast domain?1
Bandwidth on each pc?100
MBPS
50. 100 MBps hub and 100 MBps
switch
How many collision domain?
How many broadcast domain?
Bandwidth on each pc?
51. 100 MBps hub and 100 MBps
switch
How many collision domain? 3
How many broadcast domain?1
Bandwidth on each pc?
PC0-33MBPS PC1=33MBPS PC2= 33MBPS PC3-
100MBPS PC4= MBPS
