Essay Modernism Versus Modernismo

Essay Modernism versus Modernismo
Modernism versus Modernismo
Both Modernism and Modernismo were movements around the turn of the 20th century which caused cultural upheaval and renovation in times where
the society was, or needed to be, changing. Modernism took place throughout Europe and in the United States, while Modernismo was a Latin
American movement. The two movements share several general characteristics, but were, without a doubt, two separate and distinct movements, and
should not be confused. Therefore, it is useful to clarify the causes, characteristics, and effects of each movement, comparing their similarities and
contrasting their differences.
Modernism
In the United States, modernism began in the late 1910s, was at its peak in the 1920s, and...show more content...
Oftentimes writers would intentionally break up the continuity of a poem, story, etc., representing the fragmented nature of the times they were living
in. A prime example of this is e e cummings, whose poems are extremely fragmented and not easily understood at first read. Modernist authors often
jumped spontaneously from one subject to another, seemingly with no connection between the two. The idea was to leave it up to the reader to draw
conclusions and pull the story together. This technique, in a more extreme form, led to expressionism, surrealism, and other movements.
The most extreme modernists were referred to as the 'avant garde'. Their intention was to shock their readers and force them to doubt accepted norms
and discuss 'forbidden' topics (Abrams 119).
There was no single forerunner of modernism, but many famous authors emerged from this movement, such as James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, T.S. Eliot,
and D.H. Lawrence.
The transition from modernism to postmodernism came with World War Two, whendisillusionment became too great to keep this exploratory attitude
alive.
Modernismo

The modernismo, or modernista, movement developed throughout Latin America beginning in the 1880s and lasting through the 1920s, when
disillusionment as a result of the carnage and destruction of the Mexican Revolution caused it to recede. Unlike modernism, modernismo had a definite
initiator, RubГ©n DarГo, of Nicaragua. While the
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The Impact Of Modernism
Jonathan Glance , author of the book 20th Century Architecture ; The Structures That Shaped The Century describes modernism as " an attitude rather
than a style " an attempt to free the architect from the rules of convention. Form following function was an attribute adopted by architectural
modernists. As a result of this, modern architecture is no longer ornamentally focused but uses materials such as concrete, glass, steel and wood for
functional construction. With reference to Le Corbusier and his architectural masterpiece, Ville Savoye, this essay will discuss and analyze the impact
the industrial revolution had on modernism, the influence the Bauhaus had on architectural development, social and economical effects that influenced
social trends, how modernism was received and reviewed by society and why the modernist dream ultimately failed.
The Industrial Revolution was a period of time that gave birth to a...show more content...
Decompartmentation is made up of three aspects: ascetics technics and society. Decompartmentation is when things that are normally categorized into
groups are now not distributed but used together in order to achieve a desired result. He believed that design could be used as a solution to solve the
alienation in modern, urban society and thus using decompartmentalization in linking social problems and design to create a solution. It was meant to
'improve the population who consumed it' states Greenhalgh when discussing his views on modernism. Due to this critic it reiterates that Le
Corbusier did initially solve many of the social issues such as creating more land space by building upwards, building houses out of cheaper materials
to help provide to those effected by the economic crisis and creating houses without ornamentation. However due to his neglect in focusing on the
comfort of people living in these houses his work was

The Modernism Movement Essay
Modernism started as a movement around late 19th and 20th centuries. It rejected the conventional forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith,
social organisation and everyday life as they felt it was incompatible with the new economical, social and political conditions that was emerging at that
period of time. Many distinctive styles can be defined as modernist, but majority of them had very similar values and theories on different aspects of
society. It gave birth to a whole array of art, cultural and political movements. Often referred to as an avant–garde movement at that time, it was a loose
assembly of ideas. They believed in creating a better world. Mainly consisting of left–leaning political ideology followers, they had...show more
content...
The book cover illustration by John Heartfield for instance is another image that springs up as modernist illustration. The image simply is of a
human like figure but the elements of the body parts are made up of various mechanical accessories e.g. clock, levers, meters, etc. Modernist's were
convinced, technology was the way forward and the image in particular echoed that ethos. The poster designed by Adolphe Mouron Cassandre for the
"Nord Express" was one of the iconic image during the later part of modernist era. The image has certain identical mark–making traits with other
illustrators working around same period of time. The poster itself in some sense advocates industrialisation. The bold colours and figurative lines
demonstrates the strength of industrialised future. Equality, and the desire to create a utopian world was one of the underlying principles of the
modernists. George Grosz's images often attacked the class system that was occurring in Berlin. The caricature drawings of the elite capitalist bankers
and the disillusioned lower class people illustrated the critical problem in the society that made the movement ever progressive. "Arrangement" – New
York (1925) was a lithograph print of a heavily industrialised cityscape by Jan Matulka. Modernist architects were fascinated by the idea of simplicity in
design, functionality and rejection of ornament, decoration, etc. The image underlines those ethics they maintained.
'In the

Modernist and Post–modernist in Development Modernism is closely associated with the setting in of modern civilization compared to postmodernism.
It is modernism that lay the foundation for postmodernism (Muller 312). After the World War II, the human race achieved what is referred to as
postmodernism. The two concepts may appear antagonistic in nature, but a closer look at each reveals how well each complements the other. Art and
literature are among the numerous human aspects that have been influenced in diverse ways by the concepts of modernism and post–modernism. In this
paper, the significance of developmental studies in elaborating the two concepts as the poles of negotiation rather than competing concepts shall be
highlighted more so from Miller's school of thought.
Modernist concept in enhancing sustained engagement
In this case, we realize that modernism always tends to exclude the order and the rationality mainly in politics that come with the movements. It is
geared as "two poles of negotiation" majorly in the context of agreement in that it is geared and motivated towards various masses and people.
Schneider stipulates this when he comes out vividly in comparison of his art to that of the ancient time by saying that his work was fine simply
because his portrayals were eye appealing and they...show more content...
It facilitated the fast developmental phases.From this, we realize that some of the hypothesis within modernization and those that make it an essential
characteristic of the developmental feature, are that various politics tend to employ different ways of

Postmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism
Modernism and Postmodernism are both two important eras in design. Postmodernism takes a lot of concepts from the modernism era. Both
modernism and post modernism focus on Style, Social analysis, Cultural Context, Philosophy, Politics, Human experience, Machine aesthetics, and the
constant transformation of the "New". An interesting fact of the Modernism and Postmodernism is the use of the psychology and philosophy themes 1.
Subjectivity 2.History 3. Culture and 4. Theoretically divers aesthetics and ideologies. What differentiates the two from each other is the
postmodernism is more politically resistant, deconstructive, absent, uses the Signifier, Anarchy, and Dadaist. In comparison to Modernism, which is
more romantic, Symbolic, about Form for its purpose, Hierarchy, Creation, Metaphor and Signified. This essay will talk about the influence of
modernism on postmodern design using Wolfgang Weingart, Atelier Populaire posters and comparing it to Moholy Nagy's' posters of modernism.
The two designs selected from the Eskilson Textbook Graphic Design a New History on postmodernism are The Swiss Poster, 1984 offset Lithograph
by Wolfgang Weingart and The Struggle Continues, 1968 by Atelier Populaire. The modernist designs selected from Moholy Nagy is Painting
Photography Film, 1927 Book jacket. To begin we will look at postmodern design and their aesthetics, technical context, Technology of production and
the message of the artworks. Postmodernism was full of emotion and had

Modernism Essay examples
Modernism
Modernism is defined in Merriam–Webster's Dictionary as "a self–conscious break with the past and a search for new forms of expression." While this
explanation does relate what modernism means, the intricacies of the term go much deeper. Modernism began around 1890 and waned around 1922.
Virginia Wolf once wrote, "In or about December, 1910, human character changed." (Hurt and Wilkie 1443). D.H. Lawrence wrote a similar
statement about 1915: "It was 1915 the old world ended." (Hurt and Wilkie 1444). The importance of the exact dates of the Modernist period are not
so relevant as the fact that new ideas were implemented in the era. Ideas that had never before been approached in the world of literature suddenly
began emerging...show more content...
Stepping outside of the box, they wrote what they perceived in their own minds to be reality. The readers in turn were given a new form of literature
that was not written on the basis of beliefs that earlier had seemed indisputable. Not only were old belief systems disregarded, they were openly
opposed. Even more surprising, the new thoughts were acceptable, and in turn provided an alternative route for thinking that had not formerly been
considered.
Anti–Realism is another feature of Modernism. This element included the use of myth and allusion in writing. Description was a prominent feature in
literature before the Modernist period; writers had set the scene using an exactness that left little room for a reader's imagination. With Modernism
emerged the allusion, which meant that only certain aspects of the setting or scene were revealed. This provided freedom for the reader to think about
what the author was presenting through the text. The work was created through the inner feelings and workings of the characters and the symbols
hidden in the plot and setting. The way themes and points of view were selected went against the earlier convention also. Sigmund Freud's
Interpretation of Dreams in 1899 opened the door to previously undiscovered value in the human unconscious. This led to a whole new emphasis of
individualism in both the writer and the reader, who were given free reign to explore not only who a character was

Research Paper On Post Modernism
Post –modernism The second part of this essay is devoted to post–modernism. I have chosen two periods of Modernism and Post–Modernism as they
are so much interconnected, the further development of modernism resulted in forming another movement in art, called as post–modernism. The word
'post–modernism' is over used nowadays and it gives the impression of being just nothing behind the popular buzzword. Although, it is a separate
movement, which has a number of commonalities with modernism art, but at the same time has significantly different characteristics. [12]
The world started to talk about post–modern in literature in 50s, after the end of Second World War. There was a strong historical background that
influenced the authors. The rapid evolution of tensions between the nations into of cold war, up–growth of manufacturing leading to overconsumption,
Chinese Cultural Revolution, devastation after using US atom bombs in Japan, rapid development of ICT and it is effect on the human
communication, development of multi–corporations, mass media gaining the great importance in the society, all these could not leave the world of art
without the reaction. All these new phenomena formed the new way of perception. [13]
In post–modern the denial of previous norms continues,...show more content...
In modernism it started with the presenting ambiguity of the texts. In post–modernism intertextuality developed into two dimensions: horizontal
(writer–reader relation) and vertical (one text to another text relation). Post–modernism doesn't hide the fact the texts are constructed, and sees the
values of the text in text's place in the network of texts. Borges, the key figure in Spanish–speaking modern literature, writes that 'The certitude that
everything has been written negates us or turns us into phantoms'. [15] This becomes one of the core statements of post–modernism: 'everything has
been already written'.

Modernism or modernist poetry refers to the time period where poems were written by various people between the 1890s and 1970s. Modernism
poets have a lot of knowledge and their works reflect it. The Era of modernism brought on modern language as it referred to thought, practice or
someone's character. This brought on a lot of change in the world. The thought behind the thinking of modernist poets were that of individualism. The
modern movement came about as the result of the industrial revolution. This was during a time were most people were moving out of the rural farm
areas and began moving into cities around more people. The advancement in technology also played a big part in the modern movement. During this
time new factories were...show more content...
This was a time were a lot of black poets were emerging. Hughes believed that everyone under the same race could live together, which became a
downfall during this time. People did not want to hear about someone and their poems on Negro America. Hughes still went on and made very
famous works that are still and will forever be popular. His poems mostly follow the guideline of being a modern writer, having a main subject line
and comparing everyday living to living in the city. A good example from Langston Hughes giving a modernist perspective in a poem is his poem
Mother to Son. In this poem Langston is describing to her small son on how not to be. In this poem there is only one subject, common black music
traditions and the realistic life of an African American family in the twentieth century. He used this poem to respond to the tension that had been set in
the world as far as race. In this poem he created a clear vibrant explanation on life. Mother to Son also presents a clear–cut subject matter which lays
out the mother's life and sadness to her son by writing such lines as: "Life for me ain't been no crystal stair. It's had tacks in it, and splinters, and
boards torn up, and places with no carpet on the floor, Bare". This showed Hughes' understanding of human individuality in respect to African
Americans. Being a black writer back then in a white society was not east but he influenced and remains positive throughout his

A Thesis On Modernism
Brian Blair–Whitaker
LA LIT 4 H B1
Ms. Gladstone
2/16/18
Modern Thesis Paper
During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, changes in the dynamics of society caused intellectuals to question the traditions of everyday life. From
religious views to the arts of literature, traditional values and forms were rejected, thus defining a line between the two time periods, which can be
considered as the start of the Modern era. Also known as Modernism, the modern era used literature as an outlet for expressing the thoughts and
feelings of the time. Modern texts use city life, industrialization and globalization, and ironic and satirical themes to showcase their bleak outlook on
life post both world wars. The nature of these events are aspects of society...show more content...
The mistrust of the world which is at the center of modernism can be attributed to the world wars and the psychological effect that it had on the
individual. The horrors and violence altered public perceptions of life, a change that is evident within writers of the time period. The focus of
writing shifted from the outward world to inner thoughts and feelings and overall representation of an individual's stream of consciousness which are
themes associated with modern text. In "Impact of Modernism", focuses on the idea that world needed new outlets for expression and in finding
them rejected the tradition that was already there with the quote, "Many modernists believed that by rejecting tradition they could discover radically
new ways of making art." (Impact) .The world no longer had the beauty it once did so a a discovery of new arts were needed. The mind of an
individual became that new found inspiration and beauty that modern writers needed and for that reason it was one of the main focuses of modern

Essay on Modern and Post-Modernism Architecture
There is often some confusion when people start talking about the post–modernism and modernism in architecture in terms of their philosophical
terminology differences. Modern architecture is known for its minimalism (Linder, 2004); buildings were functional and economical rather than
comfortable and beautifully decorated. The post–modernism architecture, however, is called a "neo–eclectic, significantly assuming the role of a
regeneration of period styles for designing houses, and a never–ending variety of forms and characteristics, asymmetrical designs for commercial
buildings" (Fullerton Heritage, 2008). An example of these two polar opposites, "Less is more" made by Mies van der Rohe in 1928 (Blake, 1976)
and "Less is a bore" made by...show more content...
Although, most post–modernist architects had been associated with modern architects in terms of training during the twentieth century, they refused
most their teachers ideas. In addition, today's architects cannot deny the modern architecture ways of designing any building. Their design, for
instance, has many philosophical meaning such as constructional, environmental, sociological, commercial and metaphorical meaning. The main
difference between these two schools is that the architects point of view to any design as a means of communication (Chan, 1997). Modern
architecture, for example, focus on the aesthetics of architectural language, while post–modernity adjust in constant effort to achieve what is more than
unity and focus on the traditional concepts, therefore both schools are in competition with each other. Second basic principle of modern school is the
production beauty by basic technology (Chan, 1997), and this led to a contradiction on the post–modernism architects being attempted to use primitive
technology. Their particular case is to access and change the impact of the traditional architecture through all people. Therefore, to achieve this goal
they have addressed the issues of beauty and technology within the general concept of the design. Despite different thoughts on the features of
post–modernism definition, it is clearly seen that people ,who are interested in beauties, are

Essay on Modernism in Literature
The turn of the 20th century conveyed revolution in psychological, social, and philosophical thought. It was time for something neoteric. It was time to
break out of the mundane tradition. This time of revolution conceded men, such as Charles Darwin, Karl Marx, and Sigmund Freud, to rise to fame
with their radical and cutting edge theories. Also, women were exasperated of their modeled roles in society. They sought to be independent, they
longed to have the ability to vote, and most of all, they wanted legal equality. This time period also brought the renewal of European expansion. With
new motivations, such as economic motivations, social imperialism, and the new theories of racial superiority, the British empire began concentrating on
...show more content...
The space in between the front lines of the defenders and the attackers was known as "No Man's Land". ("Trench Warfare") Thousands of battle
hardened soldiers would put their lives on the line by running into this "no man's land", just to win a few feet in the battle of the frontline. This led to
hundreds of thousands of casualties just to gain two or three feet on the battlefield. There is no better picture of this theory of irrational creatures than in
Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, which was published in 1902. ("Heart of Darkness") This novella is the story of a man, Marlow, who gathers a
crew of sailors to journey down to the Congo, in British controlled Africa. As Marlow and his men begin the adventure down the river, they are
soon given a mission to capture Mr. Kurtz, the best ivory extractor in all of Africa. The problem is, Kurtz has gone crazy, and his methods have
gone tribal. The corporation believes he has gone insane. It's not until Marlow finally gets to Kurtz through a very trying journey, that he realizes
Kurtz's actions are like the rest of ours, except Kurtz was tired of hiding behind civilization. Marlow realizes that we are all evil and we are all
corrupt, but we attempt to hide it with civilization. "The horror, the horror" (Conrad) are Kurtz last words he utters to Marlow before he dies. Kurtz
realizes the life of evil he has lived, the

Essay On Late Modernism
Late Modernism Reborn? In our world of ideas, different philosophical movements emerge from time to time and some of these movements completely
alter the entire society and the way we interact with our environment. One such philosophical movement, modernism, virtually revolutionized both our
society and culture, and also the graphic design world. With the emergence of the
Swiss Style, our typographic understanding changed from subjective to objective. Clean, sans–serif typefaces replaced the earlier, more personal and
complicated typefaces. Strict, structured design was achieved with the use of grid systems. After a period of simple and clean graphic design, post
modernism emerged and rejected the concepts of late modernism. They adopted...show more content...
While this overly simplified system was adopted by so many in so little time as a result of this very simplicity, it does not reflect the true idea behind
late modernism; because late modernism does not intend to take the designer out of the equation, it wants to alter the world around us and humanize
our surroundings. First of all, late modernism does not support the idea of making the designer irrelevant to the design work. When it emerged, Swiss
Style supported using simple typefaces, sans–serif and making clean, but powerful designs. You may notice most designer using simple fonts such as
Helvetica while designing logos, roadside signs or posters. They use the
Helvetica font, but it is not because they want to make their designs more boring or non–artistic. The use of such a simple font is for one purpose only,
to make their designs more objective and less suggestive in a sense. Use of elaborate and overly decorated fonts can lead to the over personalization
of typography. While the idea of using a strict set of typefaces could seem extremely restrictive on the graphic designer, it is nonetheless necessary. As
the Experimental Jetset suggests, in

Modernism was characterised by the deliberate departure from tradition. Modernism refers to the periods interest in processes, expressing feelings and
ideas in creating abstractions rather than reality. Modern used to mean either the European Modernism, The International style, the functionalist,
anti–ornament, and start from zero. The dominant metaphor for modernism in the 20th century was the machine, this stimulated the imaginations of
many designers and architects living in industrialised countries, they started to believe the machine could be a new way of living, creating easier
ways to commute and to mass produce products and designs. Modernism could be seen as one of the most influential movement of the twentieth
century. During the interwar years, Modernism continued to pursue its goals of changing the world through the use of design and machine. It was a
time of scientific and technological advances, with machines changing the way people lived. Life was beginning to change and become more
interesting and almost easier with the inventions being created such as the cars, planes and motion pictures. Modernism was not seen as a style but
as a large collection of ideas. The modernism movement rejected history and encouraged abstraction, and experimentation. Largely rejecting the
ideology of realism, a lot of designs however weren't successful. Modernism was widely world spread, it was largely seen in Germany and Holland,
Switzerland, as well as in Moscow, Paris,

Modernism Essay
Modernism
"An inclination to subjective distortion to point up the evanescence of the social world of the nineteenth century bourgeoisie."
–Barth, "Literature of Replenishment" (www.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0255.html)
Modernism was rebellion against not only the repressive principles of the Victorian era but also the emergence of the fast–changing, materialistic
corporate society. The period preceding modernism held up Victorian virtues, which accepted the worldview of everything being ordered, neat, stable,
and meaningful. While fundamentally optimistic, Victorian culture featured hypercritical moralism as it had a very narrow, strict...show more content...
Stream–of–consciousness writing employed by Joyce and Woolf and other expressions of inward consciousness in narration threw asunder the
safeguard of the reliability of the narrator and required active contemplation by the readers. Perspective assumed a far greater importance in literature as
writers offered more impressionistic work without omniscient narrators and clean resolutions.
The proliferation of the experimental spirit in modernist works of literature often alienated popular readership, and such exclusivity served as a mark of
quality to a certain extent as it went in hand with the modernist intellectuals' disdain towards the mass–consumption–driven popular culture. Modernist
intellectuals rejected popular culture, as they perceived that creating work that would be universally accepted often involved certain sacrifices of their
genius and ultimately degraded art. The movement was certainly not egalitarian in nature. Modernism in fact strayed away from the idea of thinking in
terms of groups, opting instead to focus on the individual. It strove for self–knowledge, and the almost narcissistic interest in the self led to the
"spiritual alienation, self–exile, and cultural criticism" that pervaded the period.
The place that Hemingway and Fitzgerald occupied in literary modernism is difficult to pinpoint. They both dabbled with modernist writing styles
earlier

Modernism And Its Impact On The Environment
Modernism represents an optimistic view of human impact on the environment that has been the dominant viewpoint for the last 200 years. The
knowledge that mankind holds the ability to control the environment heavily stresses why climate change is not such a problem to worry about. One of
the core beliefs of the modernistic perspective is that people have no need to fear future environmental disaster because the next technological
advancement that will prevent it is right around the corner. Furthermore, those who share this view do not include themselves in their image of the
ecosystem, believing they are detached from it. Lastly, a laissez–faire approach is taken to environmental problems, focusing on progression through
technology, stressing that as long as progress is made in this area all problems will be fixed. For a modernist, climate change is nothing to worry about.
This may be a real situation, but it will be solved with advancements in technology before one's way of life is changed. What people should be
worrying about is ensuring a laissez faire approach to the market with sponsorship to new technologies. As a result of reusable energy technology
already existing, modernists believe that the problem of climate change has been solved and without disrupting free market system these technologies
will be further implemented. As long as there are people given the opportunity to innovate, some will focus on and ultimately solve the concern of
climate change. The issue of

Modernist Literature Essay
Modernism emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century, following World War I and flowing through the "roaring twenties." Materialism, crime,
depression, and change filled this era. Reflecting the revolutionary time period, modernism itself was a revolution of style. Musicians, artists, and
writers broke away from traditional, conventional techniques to create new, rebellious art. Modernism, in other words, was a change in how artists
represented the world in their works. Passionate, sporadic jazz music–referred to as "jungle music"–danced through the music scene. Painters such as
Pablo Picasso and Wassily Kandinsky stroked over the paintings of impressionist, representationalist artists, such as Hilaire–Germain–Edgar Degas.
...show more content...
Before artists concerned themselves with what they said; now they were most concerned with how they said it. Therefore, content and subject matter
became back–up dancers to style. Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises, for instance, revolves around a few characters that go from cafГ© to cafГ©
drinking and chatting nonchalantly. Another modernist artist, T.S. Eliot, writes a long, beautiful poem entitled "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufruck"
about a man contemplating asking a girl out, and William Carlos Williams describes a plain red wheelbarrow in one of his poems. However, the
reader does not become frustrated with these simple, somewhat shallow plots because the style triumphs. For example, J. Alfred Prufruck's silly
contemplation of courtship does not seem so silly because Eliot has a charming style. The Great Gatsby is another huge triumph of style over content.
Although the novel itself is about tragedy and loss and should leave one feeling very depressed, the reader feels quite the opposite. In other words,
Fitzgerald's writing brings pleasure despite his dismal subject matter.
Not only are the subject matters of modernist works unconventionally simple, but the sentences and word choices are also quite uncomplicated.
Modernist writers left behind the showy, overwritten, sentimental writing that was common before them and wrote leaner works. In The Great Gatsby,
Fitzgerald uses short, simple sentences throughout the work. For instance,

Essay on Modernism at Its Finest in Literature
Modernism at Its Finest In the beginning of the twentieth century, literature changed and focused on breaking away from the typical and predicate
patterns of normal literature. Poets at this time took full advantage and stretched the idea of the mind's conscience on how the world, mind, and
language interact and contradict. Many authors, such as Fitzgerald, Steinbeck, and Twain, used the pain and anguish in first hand experiences to create
and depict a new type of literature, modernism. In this time era, literature and art became a larger part of society and impacted more American lives
than ever before. During the American modernism period of literature, authors, artists, and poets strived to create pieces of literature and art that...show
more content...
As new technologies and advancements, such as the telephone and cinema, were created in America, modernist American literature also accepted and
incorporated in the new change. Along with new inventions, social change in women and the black ethnicity caused rebellion and powerful literary
movements to occur. The new social consciousness of these groups, referred to as theHarlem Renaissance in the 1920s, worked its way in literature
rapidly and gave power to many minorities in America. Some African–American writers, from New York, who were recently enslaved, started this
literary tradition in America. They were led by Countee Cullen, the British influenced poet, and Langston Hughes, raised on jazz music and black
spirituals, and together, the Harlem Renaissance gave African–Americans a strong, clear voice with which they could express themselves to entire
nation as a whole. In one of John Steinbeck's novels, Of Mice and Men, there were stern examinations of the hardships of tenant farmers in California,
while Fitzgerald's, The Great Gatsby, laid bare the wide gap between society's wealthy elite and the lower classes. With these new advancements and
the Renaissance, a new period of American literature rose to new heights and expanded across the nation. World War I and the Great Depression did
not give many Americans hope for achieving the

An Essay on Modernism
Modernism describes the ideology of the art and design that were produced during the modernist period. There has been a lot of controversy about
when modernism started, yet many believe it initiated sometime in the late 19th century and continued to the early 20th century. The modernist
movement was meant to be a break from traditions and it was set up to separate the value of certain works from the conservative realism. For instance,
Unlike the traditional art that was aesthetic, this movement was more about space and form. In modernist design, shape and organization of products
and buildings were based on their functional requirements. As a result, designs became simpler without the traditional decorative concepts. The idea
behind the...show more content...
The chair utilizes the space and structure well and also is developed from a traditional idea into an innovative modern design for a chair. This chair
was famous for its new use of materials, in the original design, the frame was made out of chrome steel and the upholstery was covered with white
kidskin and filled with cotton burlap and horsehair (Meadmore, 1997). This chair is still in production for over eight decades.
____________________________________________________
Moreover, I explained how each image is an example for the core principles of modernism as mentioned in the overview. In brief, modernist design is
innovative. Space, form and structure is based on the functional requirements. Designs became simple and without overwhelming traditional aesthetic
concepts. Therefore, technology together with simpler design made the product easy to be mass produced. After the first World War, designers in
central Europe intended to change the world for better through art by rejecting ornamentation as it resembled of the past generations whom withstood
the unpleasant effects of war and poverty (Smith, 2005). Dormer (1993) writes that:
'When intelligent designers of the late 19th or early 20th century looked at the anonymous artifacts of 18th– and 19th–century industrialization, they
saw great beauty in the simple, engineered structures, and set

Modernism : Modernism And Modernism
1. Art has evolved over the last century moving from Modernism to Postmodernism. Modernism 's birth is somewhat controversial but our text puts it
at 1910. Paul Cezanne, who was closely tied with Cubism, has been credited as one of the fathers of Modernism. A lot was changing during this
period which produced a slew of new styles such as, Post Impressionism, Symbolism, and Surrealism to name a few. Modernism thrived from the early
20th century until the period denoted by World War II at which point it fell out of favor. Modernism was characterized by a trust in science
/rationalism, celebrating change brought on by the industrial revolution, and a move away from magic and religion. This began to change after World
War II when artists began to question how could such a terrible thing could have happened. A new style of art formed which was calledPostmodernism,
which is believed to have taken hold in the 1980s, where artists rejected science/rationalism, questioned authority, were critical of progress, examined
moral codes, and were skeptical. This new style is better thought of as strategy for making art since it appears in many forms using a wide variety of
materials and techniques. It has been described as, "creating visually interesting, messy, sometimes contrary, and often political images that mock the
rules of Modern art." (Stokstad & Cothren 2011) They are like modern day djs taking material from multiple sources and combining them in a unique
way to

Essay Modernism Versus Modernismo

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Essay Modernism Versus Modernismo