1. “ My philosophy comes from a world view
that looks at the world as one, it is a holistic
view that sees the world as interconnected,
interdependent and integrated in
so many different ways”
8. Thinking Process
1. How did the blind men experience the
Elephant?
2. Why they are having a dispute?
3. Why they claim that they are right?
4. If each one of them are right why they are
disputing?
9. Thinking process behind the dispute
1. My view is my view -------Your view is your view.
2. If your view is not my view and my view is right then
your view is not right.
3. Either my view or your view is right ----never both.
4. Why must one choose only one and never have in
both ways.
10. Holistic Perspective & Partial Point of View
• Partial Point of View
In a point of view is defined as a way or a method how one sees
of perceive the reality of phenomenon. Therefore when one says
a partial point of view, he has clearly stated and admitted that the
he sees reality or a certain phenomenon is based on a single
factor or causal agency. A partial point of view then is a
perspective that is based on one of the component parts of a
whole. Furthermore partial perspective looks at only a limited
number of aspects of the given problem or situation.
Conclusions are made based on considering some, but not all,
sides of the problem or situation.
11. Holistic Point of View
Holism come from the Greek word “Holos” literally
all, entire, totality.
Looks at all aspects of the given problem or situation.
All aspects are given importance when making
conclusions.
All aspects are tied in together to form a general
overview of the problem or situation.
12. Holistic Perspective and Partial Point of View
Looking at the characteristics of holistic and partial point of view, it
can conclude that using a holistic perspective is more desirable in
Philosophy than using a partial point of view. Partial point of view is
only promoting a limited knowledge of the situation, and leads to a
wrong conclusion.
Learning Philosophy requires learning to look into all available
perspective and on their relationship to come up with sound logical
and valid conclusions. In the process doing philosophy helps as on to
develop the sill of broadly looking at the situation first before
concluding anything.
13. MEANING OF PHILOSOPHY
• Philosophy comes from the two Greek words:
Philia- Love
Sophia- Wisdom
Originally Philosophy is meant “ Love of Wisdom.
Where Love- is a strong desire for a particular objects.
Wisdom- correct application of knowledge.
Love of Wisdom- is strong desire for a person to possess a particular
knowledge and apply it correctly.
14. Meaning of Philosophy
• Science- It is called science because the investigation is systematic. It
employs a certain steps or it employs a certain procedure. In other
words it is an organized body of knowledge just like any other
sciences.
• Natural Light of Reason- Philosophy investigates things not by using
any other laboratory instruments or investigative tools, neither on the
basis of supernatural revelation. However the philosopher uses
human reason alone or the so called unaided reason.
15. • Study of all things-This sets the distinction between Philosophy from
the other sciences. All other sciences concern themselves with a
particular objects of investigation. Eg. Anthropologist studies human
beings in relation with the society its forms structures and function;
botanist focus their attention on plants; linguists limits themselves
with language, theologians investigates God whereas a Philosopher
studies human beings, society, religion, language, God and plants
among other concerns. The reason is that Philosophy is not one
dimensional or partial. In short a Philosopher does not limit himself
to a particular object.
16. Meaning of Philosophy
• First cause or highest principle- A principle is that from which something
proceeds at any manner whatsoever. The first principle:
• Principle of identity- Whatever is is; whatever it is. Everything is its own
being and not being is not being.
• Principle of non-contradiction- It is impossible for a thing to be and not to
be at the same time and at the same respect.
• Principle of excluded middle- A thing is either is or is not, everything must
either be or not be; between being or not being. There is no middle
ground possible.
17. Meaning of Philosophy
• Principle of sufficient reason- Nothing exist without a sufficient
reason for its being an existence.
18. BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
METAPHYSICS- it is a branch of Philosophy that deals with the
examination of existence. It answers the question, what is the meaning
of life. Metaphysics is really only an extension of the fundamental
necessary drive in every human being to know what is real. Thus a very
big part of the metaphysicians task is to explain that part of our
experience which we call unreal in terms of what we call real.
• In our everyday attempts to understand the world in terms of
appearance and reality.
• We try to make things comprehensible by simplifying or reducing the
mass of things we call appearance to a relatively fewer number of
things we call reality.
19. • Thales- a Greek philosopher, everything is water. He claims that
everything we experience is water-which we call reality.
• Everything else is appearance and the reality is water. Eg. Clouds, ice
• Plato is the best example of a metaphysician-
• Theory of forms by Plato.
25. Things to note
• Socrates is basically the father of western philosophy.
• He never wrote down any of his teaching, his students Plato did this
for him.
• Socrates’ philosophy arose out of his negative feeling in relation to
the teaching of the Sophist.
26. THE SOPHISTS
• Who were they?
• Intelligent men who travel who traveled from place to place teaching
subject like grammar rhetoric ( debating ,argument, logic) and
literature
• Athens was an emerging democratic center and educated people
were needed.
• The Sophist charged their services usually employed by the wealthy
and powerful- what the sophist taught was in demand.
27. THE SOPHISTS
• What was their philosophy?
• The Sophists were concerned with the individual’s place in the world.
• Protagoras “ Man is the measure of all things”
• Led to the belief that the difference between good and evil cannot be
known. It all depended on the circumstances- the theory of relativity.
• The sophists other concept of truth and justice were the product of
habit and circumstance created by those in power to suit in their
own interest.
“ Justice is simply the interest of the stronger”
28. The problem with the Sophists
• Truth was not the most important of the issue but rather the ability to
persuade your audience of the truth of you position. This is how they
taught their students.
• The Sophists philosophy created tension in Athens.
• They suggested there were no absolute norms for right or wrong.
• This contribute the breakdown of moral order.
• The distinction between good and evil was no longer clear.
29. THE LIFE OF SOCATES
• Born around 470 BC
• Live in Athens at the height of civilization.
• Describe as a very ugly man who often walk barefoot and wore the
same kind of clothes whatever the weather.
• Excellent soldier- he has a great physical power and could endure a
lot. He was a very disciplined person.
• He was interested in the development of the person’s moral
character.
• He live a virtuous life.
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48. Which of the following statement is true?
1. The sun is the center of the solar system.
2. Asia is the largest continent in the world.
3. God made the world in seven days.
4. Man has the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
5. China’s continued presence in Spratly is a violation to international
law.
6. A person must always considered the interest of his or her family
before his or her own happiness.
49. 7. Citizens has the right to take up arms and overthrow an oppressive
government.
8. The president has done very little to uphold democracy and look
after the interests of the Filipino people?
50. Processing questions
1. Were you able to easily judge the truthfulness of the statement?
Why?
2. Which of the statements are obviously true? Which one required
more thought to determine their truthfulness?
3. Which of the statements which may be true for others but not true
in your judgement?
4. Which of these statements do you personally believe to be true but
may be disputed by other people?
51. Methods of Philosophizing
KNOWLEDGE- is a clear awareness and understanding of
something.
CLAIM- is a state or assert that something is the case, typically
without providing evidence or prove.
Eg. “ I know that my school is the best school in the city.”
52. HOW DO WE KNOW THE TRUTH?
• A belief is true if it can be justified or proven through the use of ones
senses.
• It is based on facts.
• Getting the consensus or having people agree on a common belief.
• Determining truth in this case requires a person to prove a
statement through an action.
