Sklar - Urban Sanitation - FR

1. Pit Latrines or Container Based Toilets?:
A Cost-Benefit Analysis comparing two
approaches to improving sanitation access
in urban areas of Haiti
Rachel Sklar,
UC Berkeley School of Public Health
Haiti Priorise , Port Au Prince May 2017

2. Urban Sanitation in Haiti
• Haiti has the lowest rate of access to improved sanitation
infrastructure in the western hemisphere
• 66% of the urban population (3.7 million people) lack access to
improved facilities
• Lack of sanitation contributes to spread of water borne disease
epidemics over the years
• Examples:
• 2010 post earthquake Cholera outbreak
• 2016 post hurricane Cholera outbreak

3. SDG Sanitation Targets-Goal 6
• Achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation for all and
end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of
women and girls and those in vulnerable situations
• Halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and
substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally

4. 1st analyzed solution: Pit Latrines
Connected to Septic Tanks

5. Pit Latrines: Solution Description
•Household latrine connected to septic tank
•Emptying service by a professional exhauster
company who transports waste to a safe disposal
site

6. Pit Latrines: Costs and Benefits
Costs
• Hardware:
• Pit Latrine hardware
• Septic Tank hardware
• O & M:
• Pit emptying every 4.5 years
Benefits
• DALYs avoided per year from avoided
illnesses/deaths
• Averted reduction in future wages from
averted diarrhea in school aged children
• value of school day is difference in
daily annual wage rate of primary
school education versus no
education.
• Avoided loss of work days, time spent
caring for sick children, and the avoided
loss of time for adults

7. Pit Latrines: Total Costs, Benefits, and Cost-
Benefit Ratio
Discount Annualized
Benefit
Annualized
Cost
BCR
3% 2,026,206,087 1,790,101,918 1.13
5% 1,654,298,617 1,845,496,433 0.90
12% 1,242,802,199 2,104,117,672 0.59

8. 2nd analyzed solution: Container
Based Sanitation

9. Container Based Sanitation: Solution
Description
• Users pay a monthly subscription fee
• A weekly service collects waste and
transports it from the community to a
location for safe disposal and waste
transformation

10. Container Based Sanitation: Costs and
Benefits
Costs
• Toilet hardware
• Marketing and promotional events
• Weekly collection of full containers
from households and transport to
safe disposal facility
Benefits
• DALYs avoided per year from avoided
illnesses/deaths
• Averted reduction in future wages from
averted diarrhea in school aged children
• value of school day is difference in
daily annual wage rate of primary
school education versus no
education.
• Avoided loss of work days, time spent
caring for sick children, and the avoided
loss of time for adults
• Avoided costs of hospital/clinic visits and
stays

11. Container Based Sanitation: Costs, Benefits,
and Cost-Benefit Ratio
Discount Annualized
Benefit
Annualized
Cost
BCR
3% 2,026,206,087 1,658,037,900 1.22
5% 1,654,298,617 1,676,253,363 0.99
12% 1,242,802,199 1,746,715,956 0.71