English Vocabulary study guide

1. English Vocabulary Study Guide // Not officially being tested on word roots // Bolded dictates word root
section change
Section 1: p.178-183
Rupt: Break, burst
Cide: Killing, killer
String: (strict) Bind, draw, tight
Vor: Eat greedily
Viv: Live, alive
1.) Corrupt[2]: changed from good to bad, vicious // change from good to bad, falsify, debase
2.) Incorruptible: inflexibly honest, incapable of being corrupted or bribed
3.) Interrupt: break into or between, hinder, stop
4.) Rupture[2]: break, breaking // hostility
5.) Fratricide: Act of killing (or killer of) one’s brother
6.) Genocide: Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group
7.) Infanticide: act of killing (or killer of) an infant
8.) Matricide: act of killing (or killer of) one’s mother
9.) Patricide: act of killing (or killer of) one’s father
10.) Regicide: act of killing (or killer of) a king
11.) Astringent[2]: drawing (the tissues) tightly together(to check bleeding) // stern, austere
12.) Stricture[2]: adverse criticism, censure // restriction
13.) Stringent: strict, rigid, severe
14.) Carnivorous: flesh-eating
15.) Devour[2]: eat greedily or ravenously // seize upon and destroy
16.) Herbivore: plant-eating animal
17.) Omnivore: person or animal that eats everything (both flesh and plants)
18.) Omnivorous[2]: eating everything // avidly taking in everything (omnivorous reader)
19.) Voracious[2]: greedy in eating // insatiable
20.) Convivial: fond of eating and drinking with friends, sociable, jovial, hospitable
21.) Vivacious: lively in temper or conduct
22.) Vivacity: liveliness of spirit
23.) Vivify: enliven, make vivid
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2. Section 2: p.184-190
Tort (Tors): Twist
Vict (Vinc): conquer, show conclusively
Fract (Frag): break
Omni: all, every, everywhere
Ten (Tin/Tent): Hold, keep
1.) Distort[2]: twist out of shape, contort // twist out of the true meaning, misrepresent
2.) Extort: wrest (money, promises, etc) from a person by force
3.) Retort: reply quickly or sharply
4.) Tortuous[2]: full of twists of curves, winding (tortuous road) // tricky, crooked
5.) Convict: prove guilty, show conclusively to be guilty
6.) Conviction[2]: state of having been judged guilty // strong belief
7.) Evict[2]: expel by legal process // oust
8.) Evince: show clearly, disclose, reveal
9.) Fractious: apt to break out into a passion, cross, irritable
10.) Infraction: act of breaking, breach, violation
11.) Refractory: resisting, intractable, hard to manage (a refractory mule)
12.) Omnibus: covering many things at once (omnibus bill)
13.) Omnipotent: unlimited in power, almighty
14.) Omnipresent: present everywhere at the same time, ubiquitous
15.) Omniscient: knowing everything
16.) Detention: act of keeping back or detaining
17.) Impertinent[2]: irrelevant, not pertinent, inappropriate // rude
18.) Pertinacious: adhering firmly to a purpose or opinion, very persistent
19.) Pertinent: having to do with the matter at hand, relevant
20.) Retentive: tenacious, able to retain or remember
21.) Retinue: group of followers or assistants attending a distinguished person
22.) Tenacity: firmness in holding fast, persistence
23.) Tenet: Principle, belief, or doctrine generally held to be true
24.) Tenure[2]: time for which an office is held // status assuring an employee a perm. position
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3. Section 3: p.191-195
Mon (Monit): warn
Mand (Mandat): order, command, commit
Cred (Credit): believe
Fid: faith, trust
1.) Admonish: warn of a fault, reprove, rebuke
2.) Admonition: gentle reproof, warning, counseling against a fault or error
3.) Admonitory: conveying a gentle reproof
4.) Premonition: forewarning, intuitive anticipation of a coming event
5.) Premonitory: conveying a forewarning
6.) Countermand: issue a contrary order
7.) Mandate[2]: authoritative command // territory administered by a trustee
8.) Mandatory: obligatory, required by command
9.) Remand: Send back, recommit as to a prison
10.) Accredited: officially authorized or recognized, provided with credentials
11.) Credence: belief as to the truth of something
12.) Credentials: documents, letters, or references that inspire belief or trust
13.) Credible: believable
14.) Credit: belief, faith, trust
15.) Credulous: too ready to believe, easily deceived, gullible
16.) Creed/Credo: summary of principles believed in or adhered to
17.) Discredit[2]: cast doubt on, refuse to believe // take trust or credit away from, disgrace
18.) Discredit[n]: loss of belief or trust, damage to one’s reputation, disgrace
19.) Incredible: not believable
20.) Incredulity: disbelief
21.) Bona fide: made or carried out in good faith, genuine
22.) Confidant: (confidante = female) one to whom secrets are entrusted
23.) Confidential: communicated in trust, secret, private
24.) Diffident: lacking self-confidence, unduly timid, shy
25.) Fidelity[2]: faithfulness to a trust or vow // accuracy, faithfulness of sound reproduction
26.) Fiduciary[2]: held in trust (fiduciary property) // confidential (fiduciary duties of a trustee)
27.) Infidel: one who does not accept a particular faith, unbeliever
28.) Perfidious: false to a trust, faithless, treacherous
29.) Perfidy: violation of a trust, treachery, faithlessness, disloyalty
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4. Sections 4 p.202-206 (25 words)
1.) Gratify: give or be a source of pleasure or satisfaction
2.) Gratis: without charge or payment, free
3.) Gratitude: thankfulness
4.) Gratuitous[2]: given freely // unwarranted, like a gratuitous remark
5.) Ingrate: ungrateful person
6.) Ingratiate: establish oneself in the favor or good graces of another
7.) Immortal[2]: not subject to death // not subject to oblivion (being forgotten), imperishable
8.) Immortality[2]: eternal life // lasting fame
9.) Moribund: dying, near death
10.) Mortality[2]: death rate // mortal nature
11.) Mortification: shame, humiliation, embarrassment
12.) Mortify: embarrass, shame, humiliate
13.) Corporal: bodily, as a corporal punishment
14.) Corps[2]: organized body of person // branch of the military (Marine Corps)
15.) Corpulent: bulky, obese, very fat
16.) Esprit de corps: spirit of a body of person, group spirit
17.) Incorporate: combine so as to form one body
18.) Conducive: tending to lead to, contributive, helpful
19.) Deduction[2]: taking away, subtraction // reasoning from the general to the particular
20.) Ductile[2]: able to be drawn out or hammered thin // easily led, docile
21.) Induce: to lead on, move by persuasion
22.) Induct: admit as a member, initiate
23.) Induction[2]: initiation ceremony // reasoning from the particular to the general
24.) Seduction: enticement, leading astray into wrongdoing
25.) Traduce: malign, slander, vilify, calumniate
Section 5: p.207-210 (24 words)
30.) Consequence[2]: that which follows logically // importance, a person of consequence
31.) Execute[2]: follow through to completion // put to death
32.) Inconsequential: of no consequence, trivial, unimportant
33.) Non Sequitur: statement that does not follow from previous statements
34.) Persecute: oppress, harass, annoy
35.) Prosecute[2]: follow to the end or until finished // conduct legal proceedings against
36.) Concur[2]: agree, be of the same opinion // happen together, coincide
37.) Concurrent: running together, occurring at the same time, simultaneous
38.) Cursory: running over hastily, superficially done
39.) Discursive: wandering from one topic to another, rambling, digressive
40.) Excursion: going out or forth, expedition
41.) Incur[2]: meet with something undesirable // bring upon oneself
42.) Incursion[2]: rushing into // hostile invasion, raid
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5. 43.) Precursor: forerunner, predecessor
44.) Recur: happen again
45.) Egress: means of going out, exit
46.) Gradation[2]: change by steps or stages // act of grading
47.) Gradient[2]: rate at which a road, temperature, (etc) rises or falls // slope, inclination
48.) Graduated: arranged in regular steps, stages, or degrees
49.) Progressive: going forward to something considered better
50.) Regressive: disposed to move backward, retrogressive
51.) Retrograde[2]: going backward // becoming worse
52.) Retrogression: act of going from a better to a worse state, deterioration
53.) Transgress: step beyond the limits, go beyond, break a law, violate
Section 6: p.211-215 (25 words)
26.) Expedite [2]: facilitate // accelerate or speed up
27.) Impede: hinder, obstruct, block
28.) Impediment[2]: hindrance, obstacle // defect
29.) Pedestrian: commonplace, unimaginative, dull
30.) Contiguous: touching, in physical contact, adjoining
31.) Contingent[2]: dependent on something else // accidental
32.) Intangible[2]: not capable of being perceived by the sense of touch // hard to grasp or define
33.) Tact: sensitive mental perception of what is appropriate on a given occasion
34.) Tactful: having or showing tact, diplomatic
35.) Tactile[2]: pertaining to the sense of touch // tangible
36.) Tangential: merely touching, slightly connected, digressive
37.) Apprehend[2]: seize or take into custody // understand
38.) Apprehensive[2]: quick to understand or grasp // fearful of what may come, anxious
39.) Comprehensible: able to be grasped mentally, understandable
40.) Comprehensive: including very much, extensive
41.) Prehensile: adapted for seizing, like a prehensile tail
42.) Reprehend: find fault with, rebuke, reprimand, censure
43.) Reprehensible: deserving of censure, culpable
44.) Abject: sunk or cast down to a low condition, downtrodden, wretched
45.) Conjecture: guess, supposition, inference
46.) Interject: throw in between, insert, interpose
47.) Project: thrust or throw forward (like projecting one’s ideas for a plan), plan
48.) Projectile: body to be shot or otherwise thrown forward
49.) Reject: discard, refuse to take
50.) Subject: force someone to undergo something unpleasant, expose, make liable to
Section 7 p.216-221 (30 words)
1. Aversion: feeling of repugnance, strong dislike, antipathy
2. Avert: Prevent, avoid
3. Diversion: entertainment, amusement
4. Divert[2]: turn aside // amuse, entertain
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6. 5. Extrovert: someone “turned outward”, social, outgoing, gregarious
6. Incontrovertible: not able to be disputed, not open to question
7. Introvert: someone who is shy, timid, diffident
8. Perverse: turned away from what is right or good, corrupt
9. Revert: return, go back
10. Versatile: able to turn with ease from one thing to another, adaptable
11. Vertigo: dizziness
12. Demise: death
13. Emissary: person sent out on a mission
14. Intermittent: coming and going at intervals
15. Missive: written message, letter
16. Remiss: negligent, careless, lax
17. Remission: lessening of disease symptoms, forgiveness of a guilt or penalty
18. Remit[2]: send money due // forgive, as to have one’s sins remitted
19. Circumlocution: roundabout way of speaking
20. Colloquial: conversational, informal speech or writing, slang
21. Colloquy: talking together, conversation
22. Elocution: art of speaking out or reading effectively in public, forensics
23. Eloquent: made or carried out in good faith, genuine
24. Grandiloquent: using lofty or pompous words, bombastic
25. Interlocutor[2]: questioner // one who participates in a conversation
26. Loquacious: talkative, garrulous
27. Obloquy[2]: speaking against, censure, reproach // bad repute
28. Pestiferous[2]: infected with or bearing disease, pestilential // evil
29. Somniferous: bearing or inducing sleep
30. Vociferous: producing a loud outcry, clamorous, noisy
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