Whether it's part of new hire training or career development, on-the-job training (OJT) is essential to ensuring that railroads set their employees up for success and stay compliant with industry mandates. Discover strategies and digital tools to make your OJT program simple, effective, and compliant in today's rail transportation industry.

1. P R E S E N T E R
Railroad Digitalization, Reimagined
MODERNIZINGRAILROADS
Effective On-the-Job Training (OJT) Strategies
Ashok Madhavan, Sr. Railroad Consultant, CloudMoyo
Confidential & Proprietary | Copyright 2015-19 © CloudMoyo, Inc.

2. OJT characteristics
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On-the-job training programs in railroads – Why and how
Trainees work in an actual work environment
using real equipment
When tasks require neuromuscular coordination to learn, the FRA expects the training
method to include an on-the-job training component. This ensures that employees have
the skills and experience to perform the tasks in a correct and safe manner. Source: FRA
Trainee receives instructions and guidance from
a mentor at the work location
Repeats the assigned tasks in various scenarios
and environments
Inspections determine acceptable performance
metrics
Measurable observations (repetitions and
accuracy)
Desired outcomes
Smooth onboarding of new employees
Safety, reliability, and efficiency in operations
Employee development and retention
Compliance with 49 CFR Part 243
i

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Lets take a look at 49 CFR Part 243 and its impact on OJT
“All safety related railroad employee” must be trained and qualified to
comply with any relevant federal railroad safety laws.
• Railroads must submit the training programs (Including OJT) to FRA
• Railroads must declare designations of safety-related employees to FRA
• Employees must be trained by measurable standards (including OJT’s)
• Employers must maintain adequate training records for FRA audits
• Submit training programs to the FRA
• Declare designations of safety-related employees
• Periodic oversights after submitting training programs
• Annual reviews and audits by FRA every 12-18 months
Key provisions of the mandate
Some designated OJT that is a part of
the 49 CFR mandate:
• Diesel mechanics
• Signal and switch operators
• Signal maintenance personnel
One of the FRA’s primary
objectives in 49 CFR Part 243 is
to improve OJT for safety-
related employees
The mandate
Timelines specified(shortlines and Class 1’s are different)

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FRA requirements for OJT
The FRA needs to have a good
understanding of the roles,
responsibilities, administration,
and implementation of OJT, along
with detailed training templates.
FRA also requires
comprehensive training
records for audits.
• Designated instructor or training administrator
Allocates mentors to trainees, manages and defines OJT programs, provides program information to
trainees and mentors, and manages the timelines and compliances
• Qualified mentor
Guide the trainees, conducts inspections, and certifies the trainees
• Trainee
Follows the guidelines and shows proficiency in the assigned tasks
• Performance tasks
list and basic descriptions of role-specific tasks the trainee must complete to become proficient
• Tools and conditions
Trainers, tools, equipment, and infrastructure required to undergo a performance task
• Frequency, completeness, and accuracy
The number of time performance tasks must be repeated, completeness metrics, and accuracy
standards defined categorically
• Records by individual trainee
Job role, training dates, training outcome, and mentor
• Record by job role
Number of trainees, dates, and success and failure rates
• Audit records customized to the organization and FRA demands
Roles and responsibilities – Details to be submitted
Training program template should contain
Audit records (FRA and internal audits)

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Sample OJT training template

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A look at the complexities involved in implementing OJT
Manage training templates
for many job roles
Allocation of qualified
mentors to trainees
Manually capture training
outcomes in spreadsheets
Difficulties in providing
documentary evidence for
audits
Complications in managing
inspections schedules
Complex spreadsheet capturing OJT observations

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Unstructured approach to on-the-job-training
Lack of planning, unclear objectives, and gray procedures
result in unstructured OJT
• Trainings are scheduled in impromptu fashion
• Unclear training goals and objectives
• Employees work under the guidance of unqualified instructors
• Experienced employees are seldom able to communicate what they
know in a way that others can understand
• Equipment and infrastructure is not available at the time of inspections
• With non-standardized training processes, different trainers use
different training methods, which are not always effective
• The unavailability of an effective application or tools to manage OJT
programs means that tracking is primarily done on paper
Unstructured OJT leads to roadblocks in the execution
of OJT and compliance management

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A look at the lifecycle of an effective and structured OJT program
6. Launch
5. Identify
FRA audit
requirements
4. Implementation plan,
rollout, assignments,
and feedback
1. Appoint an
OJT admin
3. Appoint craft-
specific SME to
define OJT tasks
2. Role
identification
FRA Org
Checklist Task lists
1
2
3
4 5 6
Appoint OJT admin to
manage:
1. Planning
2. Processes
3. Rollout
4. Compliances
Admin identifies roles
requiring OJT
1. FRA requirements
2. Organizational
requirements
SME’s for each craft
1. Identify skill gaps
2. Formulate craft-
specific OJT
3. Define OJT
checklist and task
lists
Plan the rollout
procedure
1. Procedure to notify
trainees about
required OJT
(paper or email)
2. Equip SME’s to
conduct trainings
and record
feedback
3. Allocate mentees
to trainees
4. Define OJT
completion criteria
5. Define the
feedback
mechanism
Determine OJT
program
completeness from an
FRA perspective
1. Gap analysis
2. Recommend
reporting needs
irrespective of
organizational size
3. Understand short
line-specific needs
in terms of OJT
4. Set up a reporting
mechanism to
fulfil the needs
• Launch the OJT
program with
tools and
systems which
leverage the
latest digital
technologies
• Use BI and
analytics to circle
back and
improve
processes

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Digital technologies to plan, track, and measure OJT performance
• Visibility
• Predictive analytics
• Diagnostics
• Trends and patterns
Leverage to generate
compliance reports, and
identify trends in training
programs
BI and analytics
With technology, railroads can innovate to streamline and optimize all OJT processes from creation
to auditing
LATEST DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
• Process automation –
What-if scenarios
• Automatic dashboards
and report generation
Leverage for smart mentor-
trainee allocations and
scheduling of inspections, as
well as generation of real-
time reports of OJT progress
Automation
• Location tracking
• Messaging apps
• Field connectivity
• Collaboration tools
Leverage to check task
lists and checklists and
record training
observations in real
time
Social and
Mobile
• Geo-synchronization
• Access anytime,
anywhere
• Data storage
Leverage to access a
single point to store
checklists and task lists
Cloud
• Halo-lenses
• Mobile devices
• Cameras
• Sensors
Leverage to create
simulation scenarios for
field training
AR/VR/MR

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A shift from spreadsheets to digital for an effective on-the-job-training program
✓ Single source for all OJT data
✓ Ease of access and real time data
capturing
✓ Paperless records
✓ Compliance management
✓ Actionable insights
✓ Easily modifiable
Transformation

11. Thank You
RAILROADDIGITIZATION,REIMAGINED
Railroad Digitalization, Reimagined
MODERNIZINGRAILROADS
Corporate Headquarters
Bellevue, WA
Phone: +1 (425) 885-5800
Mid-America Center
Overland Park, Kansas
East Center
Jacksonville, Florida
Solutions and Innovation Center
Pune, India
Phone: +91 6627 7878
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Confidential & Proprietary | Copyright 2019 © CloudMoyo, Inc.